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Moving earth wrap up

Moving earth wrap up. Notes on earthquakes Earthquakes are short-lived episodes of ground shaking produced when blocks of Earth suddenly shift.

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Moving earth wrap up

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  1. Moving earth wrap up

  2. Notes on earthquakes • Earthquakes are short-lived episodes of ground shaking produced when blocks of Earth suddenly shift. • They typically last for a few seconds (small earthquakes) to several minutes (largest earthquakes) and produce several types of seismic waves that propagate through the Earth. • Most earthquakes are caused indirectly by plate tectonics.

  3. Plate tectonics is the theory that the surface layer of the Earth(the lithosphere) is broken into blocks that move horizontally with respectto one anotherover a soft, bendy region of Earth (the asthenosphere). • Thelithosphericblocks are called plates. Plates move at 1-10 cm/year (about how fast your fingernails grow) and have moved vast distances in the Earth’s 4.6 billion year history.

  4. Lithosphere and asthenosphere are both rock, but asthenosphere is so hot it can flow like gooey tar. • The lithosphere is relatively cool, rigid, and strong. • Lithosphere consists of a thick slab of mantle overlain by a cap of crust. • There are two different kinds of lithosphere: continental and oceanic. Continental lithosphere is thicker and less dense than oceanic lithosphere.

  5. There are three types of boundaries between plates:

  6. Earthquakes occur when rocks suddenly slide along a surface called a fault plane. The movement starts at the focusand propagates outward at the speed of sound to form a rupture surface. • The epicenter is the location on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus. • Faults accommodate movement of rocks. The movement typically occurs in episodes of movement produce earthquakes.

  7. Normal and Reverse Faults Hanging wall falls due to gravity after TENSION is applied to an area. Hanging wall is shoved upward after COMPRESSION is applied to an area.

  8. Seismic waves Earthquake waves: P-wavesrun through the interior of the earth from the focus arrive first at epicenter(surface of earth, )and can travel through solids, liquids, and gasses. S-waves arrive second at the epicenter. Only traveling through solids. L-waves or surface waves arrives last and are the most destructive.

  9. Look up definitions for any terms you can not explain!!

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