WHICH GOVERNMENT AGENCY IS DIRECTLY RESPONSIBLE FOR HIRING MOST FEDERAL EMPLOYEES? A. THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE B. THE OFF

WHICH GOVERNMENT AGENCY IS DIRECTLY RESPONSIBLE FOR HIRING MOST FEDERAL EMPLOYEES? A. THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE B. THE OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET C. THE U.S. POSTAL SERVICE D. THE OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT E. THE SENIOR EXECUTIVE SERVICE

CONGRESS DETERMINES THE ACTUAL AMOUNT AVALIABLE FOR GOVERNMENT AGENCIES TO SPEND IN A FISCAL YEAR WHEN IT SETS A. APPROPRIATIONS B. AUTHORIZATIONS C. SCHEDULES FOR MARKING UP BILLS D. PIGEONHOLES E. RULES FOR DEBATE

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING POSITIONS WOULD NOT BE AFFECTED IF THE MAJORITY PARTY LOST ITS MAJORITY IN CONGRESS? A. SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE B. PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE C. PARTY WHIPS IN THE SENATE D. PARTY WHIPS IN THE HOUSE E. PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE IN THE SENATE

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING POWERS IS NOT GIVEN TO THE SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE? A. APPOINTING CHAIRMEN OF STANDING COMMITTEES B. EXERCISING CONTROL OVER WHICH BILLS GET ASSIGNED TO WHICH COMMITTEES C. APPOINTING THE PARTY’S LEGISLATIVE LEADERS D. DIRECTING BUSINESS ON THE FLOOR E. RECOGNIZING MEMBERS WHO WISH TO SPEAK ON THE FLOOR

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING TYPES OF COMMITTEES IS SET UP TO HAMMER OUT THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HOUSE AND SENATE VERSIONS OF SIMILAR BILLS? A. CONFERENCE COMMITTEES B. JOINT COMMITTEES C. PARTY COMMITTEES D. SELECT COMMITTEES E. STANDING COMMITTEES

THE PRACTICE OF DRAWING THE BOUNDARIES OF POLITICAL DISTRICTS IN UNUSUAL SHAPES TO MAKE IT EASY FOR CANDIDATES OF THE PARTY IN POWER TO WIN ELECTIONS IS KNOWN AS A. MALAPPORTIONMENT B. GERRYMANDERING C. IMPOUNDMENT D. FRONTLOADING E. PIGEONHOLING

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING INTEREST GROUPS WOULD BE LEAST LIKELY TO SUPPORT A REPUBLICAN CANDIDATE FOR PRESIDENT? A. AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION B. NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION C. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF COLORED PEOPLE D. CHRISTIAN COALITION E. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MANUFACTURERS

THE CABINET LEVEL OFFICIAL MOST DIRECTLY CHARGED WITH SETTING AND CARRYING OUT U.S. FOREIGN POLICY IS THE A. SECRETARY OF DEFENSE B. SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY C. SECRETARY OF STATE D. ATTORNEY GENERAL E. PRESIDENT’S CHIEF OF STAFF

“NO STATE SHALL…DENY TO ANY PERSON WITHIN ITS JURISDICTION THE EQUAL PROTECTION OF THE LAW” THE QUOTE COMES FROM A. FEDERALIST #10 B. THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 C. THE 1ST AMENDMENT D. THE MAJORITY OPINION OF MARBURY V. MADISON E. THE 14TH AMENDMENT

A COURT ORDER ISSUED FROM THE SUPREME COURT TO A LOWER STATE OR FEDERAL COURT THAT CALLS UP A CASE IS CALLED A(N) EX POST FACTO DOCUMENT WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS BILL OF ATTAINDER AMICUS CURIAE BRIEF WRIT OF CERTIORARI

WHICH EXECUTIVE ACTION DOES NOT HAVE TO BE CONFIRMED BY THE SENATE? A. TREATIES WITH OTHER NATIONS B. APPOINTMENTS TO THE SUPREME COURT C. APPOINTMENT OF AMMBASSADORS D. EXECUTIVE AGREEMENTS E. APPOINTMENTS OF CANINET MEMBERS

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING EXPENDITURES ARE TREATED AS ENTITLEMENTS WHEN CONSTRUCTING THE NATIONAL BUDGET? A. NATIONAL DEFENSE B. SALARIES FOR MEMBERS OF THE WHITE HOUSE OFFICE C. HOMELAND SECURITY D. INTEREST TO LOANS TO THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT E. SOCIAL SECURITY PAYMENTS

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WAS A PROVISION OF THE CAMPAIGN FINANCE REFORM ACT OF 2002? A. ELIMINATION OF SOFT MONEY TO NATIONAL PARTIES B. REMOVAL OF THE LIMITATIONS ON CONTRIBUTIONS TO INDIVIDUAL CAMPAIGNS C. PLACEMENT OF A CEILING FOR TOTAL EXPENDITURES FOR PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGNS D. CREATION OF THE FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION TO REGULATE CAMPAIGN FINANCING E. LIMITATION ON THE NUMBER OF POLITICAL CAMPAIGN ADS

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A POWER EXPRESSLY GRANTED TO THE PRESIDENT IN ARTICLE II OF THE CONSTITUTION? A. EXECUTIVE PRIVILEGE B. THE LINE ITEM VETO C. IMPOUNDMENT OF FUNDS D. THE RIGHT TO INITIATE LEGISLATION E. COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF THE ARMED FORCES

AN EXAMPLE OF AN INDEPENDENT REGULATORY COMMISSION IS THE A. U.S. POSTAL SERVICE B. FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD C. NASA D. CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY E. SOCIAL SECURITY AGENCY

UNITED STATES V. NIXON MOST DIRECTLY SHAPED THE POWERS OF A. THE PRESIDENT’S USE OF EXECUTIVE PRIVILEGE B. THE PRESIDENT’S USE OF IMPOUNDMENT C. THE SUPREME COURT JUSTICES IN IMPLEMENTING THEIR DECISIONS D. CONGRESS IN CONTROLLING EXECUTIVE ACTIONS E. CONGRESS IN LIMITING FEDERAL GRANTS TO THE STATES

IN CONTRAST TO CATEGORICAL GRANTS, BLOCK GRANTS ALLOW CONGRESS A. MORE CONTROL OVER HOW STATES SPEND FEDERAL GRANT MONEY B. LESS CONTROL OVER HOW STATES SPEND FEDERAL GRANT MONEY C. TO MAKE LARGER OVERALL GRANTS TO STATES D. MORE DISCRETION IN TERMS OF WHETHER OR NOT MANDATES RECEIVE FEDERAL FUNDING E. MORE CONTROL OVER HOW STATES FUND EDUCATION PROGRAMS

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A CHECK THAT THE PRESIDENT HAS ON THE JUDICIARY? A. HE MAY ALTER THE STRUCTURE OF THE COURT SYSTEM B. HE HAS THE POWER TO APPOINT FEDERAL JUDGES C. HE HAS THE POWER TO REMOVE FEDERAL JUDGES D. HE DECIDES THE LENGTH OF THEIR TERMS OF OFFICE E. HE MAY CHALLENGE JUDICIAL DECISIONS BY REFERRING THEM TO CONGREE FOR A VOTE

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A CONCURRENT POWER OF BOTH THE NATIONAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS? A. REGULATION OF INTERSTATE COMMERCE B. THE RIGHT TO MOBILIZE AN ARMY C. TAXATION OF EXPORTS D. ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF COURT SYSTEMS E. DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH FOREIGN NATIONS

THE RULES THAT GOVERN THE CONDUCT OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ARE A. LESS RESTRICTIVE THAN THE SENATE B. MORE RESTRICTIVE THAN THE SENATE C. MOSTLY DESIGNED TO RESTRICT THE POWER OF THE HOUSE LEADERSHIP D. MOSTLY DESIGNED TO RESTRICT THE POWER OF THE PRESIDENT E. ALMOST IDENTICAL TO THE RULES OF THE SENATE

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE BEST DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AN INTEREST GROUP AND A PAC? A. INTEREST GROUPS RUN CANDIDATES FOR OFFICE, PACs DON’T B. INTEREST GROUPS AND PACs COMPETE FOR FEDERAL MONEY TO SUPPORT THEIR CAUSE C. PACs ARE REGULATED BY THE FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSIONS; INTEREST GROUPS ARE NOT D. PACs ARE THE POLITICAL ARMS OF INTEREST GROUPS THAT RAISE FUNDS FOR CANDIDATES OR POLITICAL PARTIES E. INTEREST GROUPS HIRE PACs TO COORDINATE POLITICAL STRATEGIES

MIRANDA V. ARIZONA, GIDEON V. WAINWRIGHT, AND MAPP V. OHIO WERE ALL CASES DECIDED BASED ON THE A. 1st AMENDMENT B. DUE PROCESS CLAUSE OF THE 5th AMENDMENT C. EQUAL PROTECTION CLAUSE OF THE 14th AMENDMENT D. DUE PROCESS CLAUSE FO THE 14th AMENDMENT E. PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES CLAUSE OF THE 14th AMENDMENT

“DEALIGNMENT” IS A POLITICAL PROCESS IN WHICH A. VOTERS SHIFT THEIR ALLEGIANCE FROM ONE PARTY TO ANOTHER B. INTEREST GROUPS GIVE MONEY TO CANDIDATES FROM BOTH POLITICAL PARTIES C. STATE AND LOCAL PARTY OFFICIALS DO NOT SUPPORT DECISIONS MADE BY NATIONAL PARTY OFFICIALS D. THIRD PARTIES TAKE VOTES AWAY FROM THE TWO MAJOR PARTIES E. PARTY IDENTIFICATION WEAKENS AND VOTERS PREFER TO CALL THEMSELVES INDEPENDENTS

MANY ANTI-FEDERALISTS CRITICIZED THE CONSTITUTION BECAUSE THEY BELIEVED THAT IT A. DID NOT CREATE A STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT B. SHOULD INCLUDE A BICAMERAL LEGISLATURE C. DID NOT ADEQUATELY PROTECT INDIVIDUAL LIBERTIES D. SHOULD BE MORE SPECIFIC ABOUT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS E. DID NOT SPECIFICALLY DEFINE THE POWERS OF JUDICIAL REVIEW

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING POWERS DOES THE CONSTITUTION GRANT TO THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES? TO RATIFY TREATIES SIGNED BY THE PRESIDENT TRY THE PRESIDENT AFTER THE SENATE HAS IMPEACHED HIM TO CONFIRM MAJOR PRESIDENTIAL APPOINTMENTS TO ORIGINATE ALL BILLS OF REVENUE TO VOTE ON LAWS DECLARED UNCONSTITUTIONAL BY THE COURTS

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING INDIVIDUALS IS MOST LIKELY TO VOTE IN A NATIONAL ELECTION? A. AN 18 YEAR OLD COLLEGE STUDENT B. A WHITE MALE WITH A HIGH SCHOOL EDUCATION C. A CHURCH-GOING FEMALE WITH A COLLEGE EDUCATION D. A 60 YEAR OLD NON-CHURCHGOER WITH AN 8th GRADE EDUCATION E. A 21 YEAR OLD FACTORY WORKER IN THE MIDWEST

WHERE IS A BILL MOST LIKELY TO BE CHANGED/REWRITTEN? A. IN FULL COMMITTEE B. IN SUB-COMMITTEE C. BY THE RULES COMMITTEE D. BY THE COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE

A CLOSED RULE FOR DEBATE ON THE FLOOR OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES WOULD MEAN THAT A. ONLY THE BILL’S SUPPORTERS WILL BE RECOGNIZED TO SPEAK B. A DISCHARGE PETITION HAS RESULTED IN A BILL’S APPEARANCE FOR FLOOR DEBATE C. AMENDMENTS FROM THE FLOOR ARE PERMITTED D. THE BILL HAS STRICT TIME LIMITS FOR DEBATE E. THE SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE DOES NOT LEAD DEBATE

THE INFORMAL NETWORKS THAT GROUP MEMBERS OF CONGRESS SHARING THE SAME INTEREST ARE CALLED A. CAUCUSES B. SELECT COMMITTEES C. BUREAUCRACIES D. SUBCOMMITTEES E. LINKAGE GROUPS

WESBERRY V. SANDERS, THE “ONE MAN ONE VOTE” SUPREME COURT DECISION ADDRESSED THE PROBLEM OF A. GERRYMANDERING B. MINORITY-MAJORITY DISTRICTING C. INCUMBENCY D. PORK BARREL LEGISLATION E. MALAPPORTIONMENT

EASLEY V. CROMARTIE RULED THAT RACE MAY NOT BE A “DOMINANT AND CONTROLLING” FACTOR IN A. REDISTRICTING B. SETTING WHO WILL RUN FOR CONGRESS C. SELECTING CHAIRMAN FOR STANDING COMMITTEES D. LOGROLLING LEGISLATION E. PASSING CIVIL RIGHTS LEGISLATION

CLOTURE IS A TECHNIQUE USED IN THE SENATE TO A. DISCHARGE A BILL FROM COMMITTEE B. CONTROL NONGERMANE AMENDMENTS C. STALL A BILL FROM PASSING D. STOP A FILIBUSTER E. SEND A STRONG MESSAGE TO THE PRESIDENT

A POCKET VETO IS A TECHNIQUE THAT ALLOWS THE PRESIDENT TO A. KILL LEGISLATION PRESENTED TO HIM WITHIN 10 DAYS OF THE ADJOURNMENT OF CONGRESS B. KILL LEGISLATION WITHOUT CALLING ATTENTION TO HIS POINT OF VIEW C. COMMUNICATE HIS DISLIKE FOR A BILL BEFORE IT LEAVES COMMITTEE D. SEND THE BILL BACK TO BOTH HOUSES FOR CONSIDERATION E. VETO PART OF A BILL, BUT ALLOW OTHER PARTS TO BECOME LAW

THE 2005 CONSOLIDATED APPROPRIATIONS ACT WAS CRITICIZED BY MANY AS AN EXAMPLE OF A. MALAPPORTIONMENT B. GERRYMANDERING C. MISUSE OF THE POWER OF INCUMBENCY D. PORK BARREL LEGISLATION E. FAVORTISM TOWARD THE MISWEST

AN EXECUTIVE AGREEMENT WITH A FOREIGN HEAD OF STATE IS DIFFERENT FROM A TREATY IN THAT A. AN EXECUTIVE AGREEMENT MUST BE RATIFIED BY THE SENATE B. A TREATY MUST BE RATIFIED BY THE SENATE C. AN EXECUTIVE AGREEMENT IS NOT LIMITED TO THE PRESIDENT WHO SIGNED IT D. AN EXECUTIVE AGREEMENT ADDRESSES ISSUES THAT ARE NOT VERY IMPORTANT E. A TREATY INVOLVES SEVERAL COUNTRIES, AN EXECUTIVE AGREEMENT INVOLVES ONLY TWO

A PRESIDENTIAL VETO OF A LEGISLATIVE BILL MAY BE OVERRIDDEN BY A. A 2/3 VOTE OF EITHER HOUSE OF CONGRESS B. 5 OF 9 SUPREME COURT JUSTICES C. A MAJORITY OF BOTH HOUSES OF CONGRESS D. A 2/3 VOTE OF BOTH HOUSES OF CONGRESS E. A LEGISLAIVE VETO

ONE MAJOR PURPOSE THAT CONGRESS HAD IN PASSING THE BUDGET REFORM AND IMPOUNDMENT ACT OF 1974 WAS TO A. GIVE THE PRESIDENT MORE SAY IN DEVELOPING THE BUDGET B. REQUIRE THE PRESIDENT TO SPEND ALL APPROPRIATED FUNDS C. LIMIT THE PRESIDENT’S POWER UNDER EXECUTIVE PRIVILEGE D. LIMIT THE PRESIDENT’S POWER UNDER EXECUTIVE ORDERS E. SPECIFY HOW BUDGET SURPLUSES SHOULD BE SPENT

THE 10th AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION HAS BEEN INTERPRETED BY THE SUPREME COURT TO A. PREVENT STATES FROM TAXING AGENCIES OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT B. RESERVE POWERS TO THE STATES C. RESTRICT THE APPLICATION OF JUDICIAL REVIEW D. ALLOW FOR THE BURNING OF THE FLAG AS AN EXPRESSION OF PROTEST E. LIMIT THE USE OF THE LEGISLATIVE VETO

WHEN A LOWER COURT DECISION IS APPEALED TO THE SUPREME COURT, WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS MOST LIKELY TO OCCUR? A. THE SUPREME COURT WILL RECONSIDER THE CASE, AND OVERTURN THE LOWER COURT DECISION B. THE SUPREME COURT WILL REPRIMAND THE LOWER COURT JUDGE FOR IMPROPERLY DECIDING THE CASE C. THE PLAINTIFFS OR DEFENDENTS WILL FILE MOTIONS FOR A CHANGE OF VENUE. D. THE CASE WILL BE RETRIED AT THE LOWER COURT LEVEL E. THE SUPREME COURT WILL NOT HEAR THE APPEAL

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE OF AMICUS CURIAE BRIEFS? A. THEY ARE USED BY INTEREST GROUPS TO LOBBY COURTS B. THEY ARE USED EXCLUSIVELY BY LIBERAL INTEREST GROUPS C. THEY ARE USED EXCLUSIVELY BY CONSERVATIVE INTEREST GROUPS D. THEY ARE NOW UNCONSTITUTIONAL E. THEY ARE THE MEANS BY WHICH A LITIGANT SEEKS SUPREME COURT REVIEW OF A LOWER COURT DECISION

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEES OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTITIVES SETS THE CONDITIONS FOR DEBATE AND AMENDMENT OF MOST LEGISLATION? A. WAYS AND MEANS B. APPROPRIATIONS C. JUDICIARY D. RULES E. GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS

OF THE FOLLOWING, WHICH HAS BEEN USED THE MOST TO EXPAND THE POWER OF THE NATONAL GOVERNMENT? A. THE COMMERCE CLAUSE OF THE CONSTITUTION B. THE HABEAS CORPUS CLAUSE OF THE CONSTITUTION C. THE BILL OF ATTAINDER CLAUSE OF THE CONSTITUTION D. THE FIRST AMENDMENT E. THE FIFTH AMENDMENT

THE PROCEDURE FOR FORMALLY AMENDING THE CONSTITUTION BEST ILLUSTRATES WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING? A. THE DOMINANCE OF THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT OVER THE STATE GOVERNMENTS B. THE DOMINANCE OF THE STATE GOVERNMENTS OVER THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT C. THE FOUNDING FATHERS’ DESIRE TO FACILITATE RAPID CONSTITUTIONAL REVISIONS D. THE SUPREME COURT’S POWER TO REVIEW CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS E. THE FEDERAL STRUCTURE OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT BOUNDARIES ARE USUALLY REDRAWN EVERY 10 YEARS BY THE A. BUREAU OF THE CENSUS B. STATE LEGISLATURES C. PRESIDENT D. HOUSE RULES COMMITTEE E. FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION

THE FRANKING PRIVILEGE REFERS TO THE A. FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD’S CONTROL OVER INTEREST RATES B. PRACTICE OF PEMITTING SENATORS TO PREVIEW LISTS OF JUDICIAL NOMINEES C. PRACTICE WHEREBY LEGISLATORS WITH THE MOST SENIORITY SELECT THE COMMITTEES ON WHICH THEY WANT TO SERVE D. RIGHT OF THE CHAIR TO CONTROL THE SCHEDULE OF HIS OR HER CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE E. RIGHT OF THE MEMBERS OF CONGRESS TO SEND MAIL TO THEIR CONSTITUENTS AT THE GOVERNMENT’S EXPENSE

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS GENERALLY TRUE OF THE GERRYMANDERING OF CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS? A. IT RESULTS IN MORE DEMOCRATS BEING ELECTED TO THE HOUSE B. IT RESULTS IN MORE REPUBLICANS BEING ELECTED TO THE HOUSE C. IT GUARANTEES THAT ALL MINORITY PARTIES WILL BE EQUALLY REPRESENTED D. IT CREATES DISTRICTS THAT FAVOR ONE POLITICAL PARTY OVER THE OTHER E. IT VIOLATES THE PRINCIPLE OF ONE PERSON ONE VOTE

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS ONE OF THE CENTRAL CONCERNS OF THE FIRST AMENDMENT? A. THE SUPREMACY OF THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT OVER THE STATES B. THE RIGHT OF THE CITIZENS TO BEAR ARMS C. THE DIVISION OF POWERS AMONG THE THREE BRANCES OF GOVERNMENT D. THE RIGHT OF CITIZENS TO PETITION THE GOVERNMENTFOR REDRESS OF GRIEVANCES E. THE PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF THOSE ACCUSED OF COMMITTING A CRIME

THE “WALL OF SEPARATION” DOCTRINE REFERS TO THE A. DIVISION BETWEEN LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT B. UNIQUE POWERS POSSESSED BY EACH BRANCH OF GOVERNMENT C. DIVISION OF CHURCH AND STATE D. BARRIER BETWEEN LEGISLATIVE CHAMBERS E. DIFFERENTIATION OF MUNICIPAL POWERS FROM COUNTY POWERS

LOBBYISTS TRY TO INFLUENCE LEGISLATORS MAINLY THROUGH A. “WINING AND DINING” LEGISLATORS B. ORCHESTRATING PETITIONS DRIVES AND LETTER-WRITING CAMPAIGNS C. PLACING PERSUASIVE ADVERTISEMENTS IN THE MEDIA D. THREATENING TO HELP THE LEGISLATOR’S OPPONENT IN THE NEXT ELECTION E. PROVIDING LEGISLATORS WITH INFORMATION ON TECHNICAL ISSUES

STATES AND LOCALITIES HAVE THE MOST DISCRETION IN ESTABLISHING POLICY WHEN FEDERAL FUNDING IS DERIVED FROM A. CATEGORICAL GRANTS B. MATCHING FUNDS C. BLOCK GRANTS D. PROJECT GRANTS E. GRANTS-IN-AID

IN MIRANDA V. ARIZONA, THE SUPREME COURT DECIDED THAT A. ILLEGAL ALIENS HAVE THE SAME RIGHTS TO AN EDUCATION AS UNITED STATES CITIZENS B. EVIDENCE SEIZED DURING AN ILLEGAL SEARCH CANNOT BE USED IN COURT C. AFFIRMATIVE ACTION PROGRAMS CANNOT EMPLOY NUMERICAL QUOTAS D. POLICE MUST INFORM CRIMINAL SUSPECTS OF THEIR CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS BEFORE QUESTIONING THEM E. THE DEATH PENALTY IS CONSTITUTIONAL SO LONG AS JURYS ARE SUPPLIED WITH SENTENCING GUIDELINES

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT A PRESIDENTIAL ROLE AUTHORIZED BY THE CONSTITUTION? A. COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF THE ARMED FORCES B. TO LEAD THE POLITICAL PARTY OF THE PRESIDENT C. TO NEGOTIATE TREATIES WITH FOREIGN NATIONS D. TO BE CHIEF EXECUTIVE E. TO PRESENT THE STATE OF THE UNION ADDRESS

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE UNDER THE SYSTEM OF CHECKS AND BALANCES? A. THE SUPREME COURT CAN OVERRULE THE PRESIDENT’S POLICY PROPOSALS B. THE SENATE MUST RATIYFY TREATIES NEGOTIATED BY THE PRESIDENT BEFORE THEY BECOME LAW C. A BILL BECOMES LAW WHEN THE HOUSE AND SENATE PASS IT, AND THE SUPREME COURT DECLARES IT CONSTITUTIONAL D. THE SUPREME COURT CAN REMOVE MEMBERS OF CONGRESS, AND CONGRESS CAN IMPEACH THE PRESIDENT E. THE HOUSE APPOINTS THE JUSTICES TO THE SUPREME COURT AND THE SENATE APPROVES THE APPOINTMENTS

THE PRESIDENT CAN DO WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WITHOUT SEEKING THE CONSENT OF EITHER THE HOUSE OR THE SENATE? A. RATIFY A TREATY B. APPOINT AMBASSADORS C. APPOINT DISTRICT COURT JUDGES D. DEPLOY TROOPS E. DECLARE WAR

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE ABOUT THE LINE-ITEM VETO? A. IT IS SPECIFICALLY GRANTED TO THE PRESIDENT BY THE CONSTITUTION B. IT IS USED BY MANY STATE GOVERNORS C. IS BASICALLY THE SAME AS A POCKET VETO D. ITS USE WAS UPHELD BY THE SUPREME COURT E. IT WOULD, IF INSTITUTED, STRENGTHEN THE POWER OF CONGRESSIONAL LEADERS

THE SUPREME COURT ESTABLISHED THE INCORPORATION DOCTRINE WHEN THE COURT A. INTERPRETED THE 14th AMENDMENT AS EXTENDING MOST OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE BILL OF RIGHTS TO THE STATES AS WELL AS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT B. INTERPRETED THE 9th AMENDMENT AS REQUIRING NATIONAL HEALTH AND WORKER-SAFETY STANDARDS C. STRIPPED THE ARMEND FORCES OF THEIR DISCRETIONARY POWERS REGARDING MILITARY SERVICE FOR GAY MEN D. STRENGTHED LOCAL POLICE FORCES BY GRANTING THEN THE POWER TO INVESTIGATE AND PROSECUTE FEDERAL OFFENCES E. GRANTED THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THE POWER TO DECLARE ACTS OF CONGRESS UNCONSTITUTIONAL

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WAS THE MOST IMPORTANT EFFECT OF REPLACING THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION WITH THE CONSTITUTION OF 1787? A. THE PROTECTION OF FREE SPEECH B. THE GUARANTEE OF STATES’ RIGHTS C. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF DIRECT DEMOCRACY D. THE CREATION OF A STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT E. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF JUDICIAL REVIEW

A MAJOR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVE AND THE SENATE IS THAT A. FILIBUSTERS ARE ONLY POSSIBLE IN THE HOUSE B. REVENUE BILLS MUST ORIGINATE IN THE SENATE C. JUDICIAL NOMINATIONS ORIGINATE IN THE HOUSE D. EACH STATE HAS EQUAL REPRESENTATION IN THE HOUSE BUT NOT THE SENATE E. THERE IS UNLIMITED DEBATE IN THE SENATE BUT NOT THE HOUSE

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT A CORE VALUE OF UNITED STATES POLITICAL CULTURE? A. LEGAL EQUALITY B. POLITICAL EQUALITY C. ECONOMIC EQUALITY D. FREEDOM OF RELIGION E. FREEDOM OF SPEECH

THE CONCEPT OF “CRITICAL ELECTIONS” IS MOST CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH A. THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE PROCESS B. ELECTIONS DURING WARTIME C. THE NOMINATION PROCESS D. ECONOMIC RECESSION E. PARTY REALIGNMENT

FEDERAL BENEFITS THAT MUST BE FUNDED BY CONGRESS AND MUST BE PAID TO ALL CITIZENS WHO MEET ELIGILBILITY CRITERIA ARE CALLED A. DISCRETIONARY APPROPRIATIONS B. INDIVIDUAL ENTITLEMENTS C. TAX EXPENDITURES D. DISTRIBUTIVE BENEFITS E. CONTINUING APPROPRIATIONS

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS AN EXAMPLE OF CHECKS AND BALANCES, AS ESTABLISHED BY THE CONSTITUTION? A. A REQUIREMENT THE STATES LOWER THEIR LEGAL DRINKING AGE TO 18 AS A CONDITION FOR RECEIVING FEDERAL FUNDS THROUGH FEDERAL HIGHWAY GRANT PROGRAMS B. MEDIA CRITICISM OF PUBLIC OFFICIALS DURING AN ELECTION CAMPAIGN PERIOD C. THE SUPREME COURT’S ABILITY TO OVERTURN A LOWER COURT DECISION D. THE REQUIREMENT THAT PRESIDENTIAL APPOINTMENTS TO THE SUPREME BE APPROVED BY THE SENATE. E. THE ELECTION OF THE PRESIDENT BY THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE RATHER THAN BY DIRECT ELECTION

A PRIMARY ELECTION IN WHICH VOTER ARE REQUIRED TO IDENTIFY A PARTY PREFERENCE BEFORE THE ELECTION AND ARE NOT ALLOWED TO SPLIT THEIR TICKET IS CALLED A. AN OPEN PRIMARY B. A BLANKET PRIMARY C. A CLOSED PRIMARY D. A RUNOFF PRIMARY E. A PRESIDENTIAL PREFERENCE PRIMARY

WHEN SELECTING A VICE-PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE, A PRESIDENTIAL NOMINEE IS USUALLY CONCERNED PRIMARILY WITH CHOOSING A RUNNING MATE WHO A. HAS SIGNIFICANT PERSONAL WEALTH B. ADDS BALANCE AND APPEAL TO THE NATIONAL TICKET C. COMES FROM THE SAME IDEOLOGICAL WING OF THE PARTY AS THE PRESIDENT D. CAN SERVE AS THE MOST IMPORTANT DOMESTIC POLICY ADVISOR TO THE PRESIDENT E. CAN EFFECTIVELY PRESIDE OVER THE SENATE

THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEES (PAC’s) IS TO A. SERVE AS FUND-RAISING ORGANIZATIONS FOR CHALLENGERS B. PROVIDE MEMBERS OF CONGRESS WITH UNBIASED INFORMATION REGARDING PROPOSED LEGISLATION C. CONSULT WITH THE PRESIDENT REGARDING DOMESTIC POLICY D. ENCOURAGE BROADER PARTICIPATION IN POLITICS AMONG THE ELECTORATE E. RAISE CAMPAIGN FUNDS TO SUPPORT FAVORED CANDIDIATE

REGISTERED VOTERS DIRECTLY ELECT WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING? I. THE PRESIDENT AND THE VICE PRESIDENT II. SUPREME COURT JUSTICES III. MEMBERS OF THE SENATE IV. MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES A. I ONLY B. IV ONLY C. I AND II ONLY D. III AND IV ONLY E. II, III, AND IV ONLY

THE ROLE OF A CONFERENCE COMMITTEE IS TO A. HOLD HEARINGS ON PROPOSED LEGISLATION B. OVERSEE THE ACTIONS OF THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH OF THE GOVERNMENT C. DECIDE WHICH BILLS SHOULD BE CONSIDERED BY THE FULL SENATE D. CONDUCT HEARINGS THAT MAKE INFORMATION AVALIABLE TO THE PUBLIC E. RECONCILE DIFFERENCES IN BILLS PASSED BY THE HOUSE AND SENATE

SUPREME COURT JUSTICES WERE GIVEN TENURE SUBJECT TO GOOD BEHAVIOR BY THE FRAMERS OF THE CONSTITUTION IN ORDER TO ENSURE A. JUSTICES ARE FREE FROM DIRECT POLITICAL PRESSURE B. JUSTICES REMAIN ACCOUNTABLE TO THE PUBLIC C. JUSTICES ARE ENCOURAGED TO MAKE POLITICALLY POPULAR DECISIONS D. COOPERATION BETWEEN THE JUDICIAL AND LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES IS ASSURED E. PRESIDENTS ARE ENCOURAGED TO SEEK YOUNGER NOMINEES FOR THE SUPREME COURT

THE COMMITTEE SYSTEM IS MORE IMPORTANT IN THE HOUSE THAN THE SENATE BECAUSE A. THE SENIORITY SYSTEM PLAYS NO ROLE IN THE HOUSE AND THEREFORE COMMITTEES MUST PLAY A LARGER ROLE B. THE CONSTITUTION MANDATES THE TYPE OF COMMITTEE STRUCTURE IN THE HOUSE C. COMMITTEE MEMBERS ARE APPOINTED BY THE PRESIDENT D. THE HOUSE IS SO LARGE THAT MORE WORK CAN BE ACCOMPLISHED IN COMMITTEES THAN ON THE FLOOR E. THE MAJORITY IN THE HOUSE PREFERS TO GIVE PRIORITY TO THE WORK OF THE COMMITTEES

THE MOST IMPORTANT SOURCE OF THE SUPREME COURT’S CASELOAD IS A. ITS ORIGINAL JURISDICTION B. ITS APPELLATE JURISDICTION C. INSTRUCTION FROM THE SOLICTOR GENERAL D. THE SPECIAL MASTER’S CERTIFICATION OF CASES FOR REVIEW E. CONGRESS’ CERTIFICATION OF CASES FOR REVIEW

A PRESIDENT ATTEMPTING TO INFLUENCE CONGRESS TO PASS A LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM MIGHT EMPLOY ALL OF THE FOLLOWING STRATEGIES EXCEPT A. USING THE MEDIA TO DRAW ATTENTION TO THE LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM B. ASSIGNING LEGISLATIVE LIAISONS IN THE EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT TO LOBBY LEGISLATORS C. DENY CAMPAIGN REELECTION FUNDS TO LEGISLATORS WHO OPPOSE THE PRESIDENT’S POLICY STAND D. EXPLOITING A PARTISAN MAJORITY FOR THE PRESIDENT’S PARTY IN BOTH THE HOUSE AND SENATE E. REMINDING LEGISLATORS OF HIGH POPULARITY RATINGS FOR THE PRESIDENT IN PUBLIC OPINION POLLS

PRESIDENTS HAVE HAD THE MOST SUCCESS IN CHANGING THE DIRECTION OF DECISIONS OF THE FEDERAL JUDICIARY BY A. THREATENING TO ASK CONGRESS TO IMPEACH SPECIFIC JUDGES B. USING THE MEDIA TO BUILD CONSENSUS FOR THE PRESIDENT’S POSITION C. REQUESTING THAT CONGRESS REDUCE THE TERM OF OFFICE THAT JUDGES MAY SERVE D. USING THE APPOINTMENT PROCESS TO SELECT JUDGES WITH JUDICIAL PHILOSOPHIES SIMILAR TO THOSE OF THE PRESIDENT E. PRESSURING CONGRESS TO PASS THE APPROPRIATE LEGISLATION TO OVERRIDE JUDICIAL OPINION

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DID THE MOST TO EXPAND CIVIL RIGHTS IN THE 1950’s? A. STATE LEGISLATIVE DECISIONS DESEGREGATING PUBLIC ACCOMODATIONS B. STATE COURT DECISIONS OUTLAWING POLL TAXES C. THE PASSAGE OF VOTING-RIGHTS LEGISLATION BY CONGRESS D. EXECUTIVE ORDERS MANDATING AFFIRMATIVE ACTION E. THE SUPREME COURT DECISION DECLARING STATE- MANDATED SCHOOL SEGREGATION TO BE UNCONSTITUTIONAL

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE ABOUT THE RIGHTS OF FREE SPEECH, AS CURRENTLY INTERPRETED BY THE SUPREME COURT? A. IT PROTECTS THE RIGHT TO EXPRESS OPINIONS EVEN WITHOUT THE ACTUAL USE OF WORDS B. IT PROTECTS THE USE OF LANGUAGE DEEMED OBSCENE BY THE COURTS C. IT ALLOWS CITIZENS TO DISOBEY LAWS THEY BELIEVE TO BE UNJUST D. IT IS PROTECTED FROM INFRINGEMENT BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT BUT NOT FROM INFRINGEMENT BY STATE GOVERNMENTS E. IT CANNOT BE LIMITED IN ANY MANNER

THE IMPORTANCE OF SHAYS’ REBELLION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION WAS THAT IT A. REVEALED THE NECESSITY OF BOTH ADDING THE BILL OF RIGHTS TO THE CONSTITUTION AND CREATING A NEW SYSTEM OF CHECKS AND BALANCES B. DEMONSTRATED THE INTENSITY OF ANTIRATIFICATION SENTIMENT WITHIN THE THIRTEEN STATES C. INDICATED THAT A STRONG, CONSTITUTIONALLY DESIGNED NATIONAL GOVERNMENT WAS NEEDED TO PROTECT PROPERY AND MAINTAIN ORDER D. CONVINCED THE DELEGATES ATTENDING THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION TO ACCEPT THE CONNECTICUT PLAN E. REINFORCED THE IDEA THAT SLAVERY SHOULD BE OUTLAWED IN THE NEW CONSTITUTION

IN A FEDERAL SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT, POLITICAL POWER IS PRIMARILY A. VESTED IN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS B. VESTED IN THE REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS C. VESTED IN THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT D. DIVIDED BETWEEN THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT AND REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS E. DIVIDED BETWEEN REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING GENERALIZATIONS ABOUT GROUP VOTING TENDENCIES IS TRUE? A. JEWISH VOTERS TEND TO VOTE REPUBLICAN B. PROTESTANT VOTERS TEND TO BE MORE LIBERAL THAN ROMAN CATHOICS ON ECONOMIC ISSUES C. MORE WOMEN THAN MEN IDENTIFY THEMSELVES AS REPUBLICAN D. RURAL VOTERS ARE MORE LIKELY TO SUPPORT DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATES THAN ARE URBAN VOTERS E. AFRICAN AMERICAN DEMOCRATS TEND TO SUPPORT THE MORE LIBERAL CANDIDATES WITHIN THEIR PARTY

A CORPORATE LOBBYIST WOULD BE LEAST LIKELY TO HAVE AN INFORMAL DISCUSSION ABOUT A PENDING POLICY MATTER WITH WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING? A. A MEMBER OF THE HOUSE IN WHOSE DISTRICT THE CORPORATION HAS A PLANT B. A MEMBER OF THE WHITE HOUSE STAFF CONCERNED ABOUT THE ISSUE C. A MEMBER OF THE STAFF OF THE SENATE COMMITTEE HANDLING A MATTER OF CONCERN TO THE CORPORATION D. A FEDERAL JUDGE IN WHOSE COURT A CASE IMPORTANT TO THE CORPORATION IS BEING HEARD E. A JOURNALIST FOR A MAJOR NEWSPAPER CONCERNED ABOUT THE ISSUE

CONGRESSIONAL STANDING COMMITTEESARE BEST DESCRIBED AS A. SPECIALLY APPOINTED INVESTIGATIVE BODIES B. JOINT COMMITTEES OF THE TWO HOUSES OF CONGRESS C. COMMITTEES CREATED FOR EACH SESSION D. PERMANENT SUBJECT-MATTER COMMITTEES E. ADVISORY STAFF AGENCIES

ALL OF THE FOLOWING POWERS ARE GRANTED TO THE PRESIDENT BY THE CONSTITUTION EXCEPT A. COMMISSIONING OFFICERS IN THE ARMED FORCES B. ADDRESSING THE CONGRESS ON THE STATE OF THE UNION C. RECEIVING AMBASSADORS D. GRANTING PARDONS FOR FEDERAL OFFENSES E. FORMING NEW CABINET-LEVEL DEPARTMENTS

IN WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DID CONGRESS MOVE TO REGAIN POWERS PREVIOUSLY LOST TO THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH? A. BUDGET AND IMPOUNDMENT CONTROL ACT B. GRAMM-RUDMAN-HOLLINGS ACT C. PRESIDENTIAL DISABILITY ACT D. GULF OF TONKIN RESOLUTION E. PERSIAN GULF WAR RESOLUTION

WHICH THE FOLLOWING ACTIONS CAN CONGRESS TAKE IF THE SUPREME COURT FINDS A FEDERAL LAW UNCONSTITUTIONAL? A. APPEAL THE COURT’S DECISION TO THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA’S COURT OF APPEALS B. FORMALLY REQUEST THE PRESIDENT TO VETO THE COURT’S DECISION C. REMOVE CERTAIN MEMBERS OF THE COURT AND REPLACE THEM WITH NEW MEMBERS D. TRY TO AMEND THE CONSTITUTION E. REENACT THE SAME LAW

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS ARTICULATED IN THE WAR POWERS RESOLUTION? A. THE PRESIDENT MAY DECLARE WAR B. THE PRESIDENT MUST FINANCE ANY WAR EFFORTS FROM A SPECIAL CONTINGENCY FUND C. THE PRESIDENT MUST BRING TROOPS HOME FROM HOSTILITIES WITHIN 60 TO 90 DAYS UNLESS CONGRESS EXTENDS THE TIME D. THE PRESIDENT MAY NOT NATIONALIZE STATE MILITIAS WITHOUT CONGRESSIONAL CONSENT E. THE PRESIDENT MAY NOT SENT TROOPS INTO HOSTILITIES WITHOUT A DECLARATION OR WAR FROM CONGRESS OR A RESOLUTION FROM THE UNITED NATIONS

DISCRIMINATION IN PUBLIC ACCOMODATIONS WAS MADE ILLEGAL IN THE UNITED STATES AS A RESULT OF THE A. SUPREME COURT DECISION IN BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION B. SUPREME COURT DECISION IN SWEATT V. PAINTER C. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 D. MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT E. VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965

MOST OF THE INDIVIDUAL PROTECTIONS OF THE BILL OF RIGHTS NOW APPLY TO THE STATES BECAUSE OF THE SUPREME COURT’S INTERPRETATION OF THE CONSTITUTION’S A. PREAMBLE B. NECESSARY C. SUPREMACY CLAUSE D. 10th AMENDMENT E. 14th AMENDMENT

IN McCULLOCH V. MARYLAND, THE SUPREME COURT ESTABLISHED WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PRINCIPLES? A. STATES CANNOT INTERFERE WITH OR TAX THE LEGITIMATE ACTIVITIES OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT B. THE JUDICIAL BRANCH CANNOT INTERFERE IN POLITICAL DISPUTES BETWEEN THE PRESIDENT AND CONGRESS C. THE FEDERAL BILL OF RIGHTS PLACES NO LIMITATIONS ON THE STATES D. THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT HAS THE POWER TO REGULATE COMMERCE E. IT IS WITHIN THE JUDICIARY’S AUTHORITY TO INTERPRET THE CONSTITUTION

POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH A. THE USE OF PRIVATE PROPERTY IS REGULATED BY THE GOVERNMENT B. GOVERNMENTS COMMUNICATE WITH EACH OTHER C. PUBLIC ATTITUDES TOWARDS GOVERNMENT ARE MEASURED AND REPORTED D. POLITICAL VALUES ARE PASSED TO THE NEXT GENERATION E. CHILDREN ARE TRAINED FOR SUCCESSFUL OCCUPATIONS

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE MOST IMPORTANT INFLUENCE ON THE CHOICE MADE BY VOTERS IN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS? A. PARTISAN IDENTIFICATION B. PARTY PLATFORM ADOPTED AT THE NATIONAL CONVENTION C. VICE-PRESIDENTIAL RUNNING MATE D. ENDORCEMENT BY POLITICAL INCUMBENTS E. APPEAL OF THE CANDIDATES’ SPOUSES

THE ADVANTAGE OF INCUMBENCY IN CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS INCLUDE WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING? I. INCUMBENTS RECEIVE MORE CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTIONS THAN DO CHALLENGERS II. INCUMBENTS ARE ABLE TO PROVIDE IMPORTANT SERVICES FOR INDIVIDUAL VOTERS III. THE GOVERNMENT PROVIDES CAMPAIGN FUNDS FOR INCUMBENTS IV. THE PRESIDENT USUALLY ENDORCES INCUMBENTS V. MOST AMERICAN VOTERS BELIEVE CONGRESS DOES A GOOD JOB A. I AND II ONLY B. III AND IV ONLY C. I, IV, AND V ONLY D. II, III, AND V ONLY E. III, IV, AND V ONLY

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS ABOUT RULES OF PROCEDURE IN THE HOUSE AND SENATE IS CORRECT? A. DEBATE BY A DETERMINED MINORITY IN EITHER CHAMBER CANNOT BE HALTED B. THE RULES IN EACH CHAMBER ARE DETERMINED BY THE MAJORITY WHIP C. THE RULES ARE SPECIFIED IN ARTICLE I OF THE CONSTITUTION D. THE RULES CAN BE CHANGED BY THE PRESIDENT DURING A NATIONAL EMERGENCY E. THE HOUSE OPERATES MORE BY FORMAL RULES, WHILE THE SENATE OPERATES MORE ON INFORM UNDERSTANDINGS

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PROCEDURES RESULTS IN THE REMOVAL OF THE PRESIDENT FROM OFFICE? A. THE HOUSE AND SENATE VOTE FOR IMPEACHMENT, AND THE SUPREME COURT REACHES A GUILTY VERDICT B. THE HOUSE VOTES FOR IMPEACHMENT, AND THE SENATE CONDUCTS A TRIAL AND REACHES A GUILTY VERDICT C. THE HOUSE AND SENATE BOTH VOTE FOR A BILL OF IMPEACHMENT D. ONLY THE HOUSE VOTES FOR A BILL OF IMPEACHMENT E. A CRIMINAL COURT FINDS THE PRESIDENT GUILTY OF “HIGH CRIMES AND MISDEMEANORS”

INTEREST GROUPS AND POLITICAL PARTIES BOTH PROMOTE UNITED STATES DEMOCRACY BY A. EXPRESSING DETAILED, IDEOLOGICALLY DISTINCT PROGRAMS B. CENTRALIZING PUBLIC AUTHORITY C. LINKING CITIZENS TO THE POLITICAL PROCESS D. INCREASING DOMINATION OF THE POLITICAL PROCESS BY ELITES E. LOBBYING MEMBERS OF CONGRESS

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS ACCURATELY DESCRIBES THE SELECTION OF THE CASELOAD FOR THE UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT A. THE CONSTITUTION SPELLS OUT ALL OF THE CATEGORIES OF CASES THAT THE SUPREME COURT MUST HEAR B. THE CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT HAS THE AUTHORITY TO SELECT THE CASES THAT THE COURT WILL HEAR C. THE SOLICITOR GENERAL OF THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE DETERMINES THE SUPREME COURT’S AGENDA D. THE SUPREME COURT IS FREE TO CHOOSE THE CASES IT HEARS WITH ONLY FEW LIMITATIONS E. THE ATTORNEY GENERAL SCREENS CASES FOR CONSIDERATION BY THE COURT

THE BOUNDARIES OF THE UNITED STATES CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS ARE USUALLY DETERMINED BY A. THE FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION (FEC) B. THE STATE LEGISLATURES C. THE HOUSE RULES COMMITTEE D. A CONFERENCE COMMITTEE OF THE HOUSE AND SENATE E. THE DIRECTOR OF THE UNITED STATES CENSUS BUREAU

PUBLIC MONIES ARE USED TO FINANCE WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAMPAIGNS? PRESIDENTIAL CONGRESSIONAL GUBERNATORIAL I ONLY II ONLY I AND II ONLY II AND III ONLY I, II, AND III

ALL OF THE FOLLOWING HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO AN INCREASE IN PRESIDENTIAL POWER IN THE POST 1945 ERA EXCEPT A. TENSIONS BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE SOVIET UNION DURING THE COLD WAR PERIOD B. AN INCREASE IN PUBLIC EXPECTATIONS FOR SERVICES FROM THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT C. ECONOMIC AND DOMESTIC PROBLEMS SUCH AS INFLATION, UNEMPLOYMENT, AND CIVIL RIGHTS ISSUES D. INCREASING UNITED STATES INVOLVEMENT IN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS E. LEGISLATION GRANTING THE PRESIDENT THE POWER TO IMPOUND FUNDS APPROPRIATED BY CONGRESS

ONE OF THE FORMAL TOOLS USED BY CONGRESS FOR THE OVERSIGHT OF THE BUREAUCRACY IS A. THE LINE-ITEM VETO B. AUTHORIZATION OF SPENDING C. IMPOUNDMENT BILLS D. PRIVATE BILLS E. SENATORIAL COURTESY

DECISIONS REACHED BY THE SUPREME COURT UNDER THE LEADERSHIP OF CHIEF JUSTICE EARL WARREN (1953-1969) DID ALL OF THE FOLLOWING EXCEPT A. RULE AGAINST MALAPPORTIONMENT IN STATE LEGISLATURES B. VOID STATE STATUTES THAT PERMITTED SCHOOL SEGREGATION C. INVALIDATE STATE ABORTION STATUTES D. EXPAND THE RIGHTS OF CRIMINAL DEFENDANTS E. INCREASE PROTECTION FOR 1st AMENDMENT FREEDOMS

THE “MIRANDA WARNING” REPRESENTS AN ATTEMPT TO PROTECT CRIMINAL SUSPECTS AGAINST A. UNFAIR POLICE INTERROGATION B. BIASED JURY SELECTION C. IMPRISONMENT WITHOUT TRIAL D. ILLEGAL WIRETAPPING E. UNJUSTIFIED POLICE SURVEILLANCE

THE RESERVED POWERS OF THE STATE GOVERNMENTS CAN BEST BE DESCRIBED AS THOSE POWERS A. NOT SPECIFICALLY GRANTED TO THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT OR DENIED TO THE STATES B. IMPLIED IN THE 5th AMENDMENT C. LISTED SPECIFICALLY IN THE 10th AMENDMENT D. EXERCISED BY BOTH NATIONAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS E. GRANTED TO STATES AS PART OF THE IMPLIED POWERS DOCTRINE

CRITICAL ELECTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES TYPICALLY HAVE OCCURRED A. AS A RESULT OF A TEMPORARY SHIFT IN THE POPULAR COALITION SUPPORTING ONE OR BOTH PARTIES B. WHENEVER A THIRD PARTY HAS SECURED MORE THAN 15 PERCENT OF THE PRESIDENTIAL VOTE C. EACH TIME A REPUBLICAN HAS BEEN ELECTED PRESIDENT D. WHEN VOTER TURNOUT HAS DECLINED SIGNIFICANTLY FROM THE PREVIOUS ELECTION E. WHEN GROUPS OF VOTERS HAVE CHANGED THEIR TRADITIONAL PATTERNS OF PARTY LOYALTY

WHEN 18 TO 21 YEAR OLDS RECEIVED THE RIGHT TO VOTE IN 1971, IN THE 1972 NATIONAL ELECTION THE DID WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING? A. VOTED OVERWHELMINGLY FOR REPUBLICAN CANDIDATES B. VOTED OVERWHELMINGLY FOR DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATES C. VOTED OVERWHELMINGLY FOR RADICAL CANDIDATES D. TURNED OUT AT A LOWER RATE THAN THE REST OF THE ELECTORATE E. TURNED OUT AT THE SAME RATE AS THE REST OF THE ELECTORATE

THE LARGEST AMOUNT OF POLITICAL COVERAGE IN NEWSPAPERS DURING PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGNS IS DEVOTED TO A. DAY-TO-DAY CAMPAIGN ACTIVITES B. THE PLATFORM OF MAJOR PARITES C. CANDIDATES’ POLICY STANDS ON DOMESTIC ISSUES D. CANDIDATES’ STAND ON FOREIGN POLICY ISSUES E. CANDIDATES’ EXPERIENCE AND QUAIFICATIONS

A STATE HAS 11 ELECTORAL VOTES. IN A PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION, THE DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATE RECEIVES 48% OF THAT STATE’S POPULAR VOTE, THE REPUBLICAN CANDIDATE RECEIVES 40% OF THE VOTE, AND AN INDEPENDENT CANDIDATE RECEIVES 12% OF THE VOTE. IF THE STATE IS SIMILAR TO MOST OTHER STATES, HOW WILL THE ELECTORAL VOTES LIKELY BE ALLOCATED? A. THE DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATE WILL RECEIVE 5 ELECTORAL VOTES, THE REPUBLICAN CANDIDATE WILL RECEIVE 4, AND THE INDEPENDENT WILL RECEIVE 2 B. THE DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATE WILL RECEIVE 6 ELECTORAL VOTES AND THE REPUBLICAN 5 C. THE DEMOCRAT WILL GET ALL 11 ELECTORAL VOTES D. THERE WILL BE A RUNOFF ELECTION BETWEEN THE DEMOCRAT AND THE REPUBLICAN E. THE HOUSE WILL DETERMINE THE ALLOCATION OF ELECTORAL VOTES

THE CONGRESSIONAL POWER THAT HAS BEEN CONTESTED MOST FREQUENTLY IN THE FEDERAL COURTS IS THE POWER TO A. ESTABLISH POST OFFICES B. COIN MONEY C. LEVY TAXES D. REGULATE COMMERCE WITH FOREIGN NATIONS E. REGULATE INTERSTATE COMMERCE

THE REQUEST OF RECENT PRESIDENT FOR THE LINE-ITEM VETO IS A CHALLENGE TO WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PRINCIPLES? A. SEPARATION OF POWERS B. SENATORIAL COURTESY C. EMINENT DOMAIN D. EXECUTIVE PRIVILEGE E. CONGRESSIONAL OVERSIGHT

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING FORM AN “IRON TRIANGLE”? A. PRESIDENT, CONGRESS, SUPREME COURT B. PRESIDENT, HOUSE MAJORITY LEADER, SENATE MAJORITY LEADER C. INTEREST GROUP, SENATE MAJORITY LEADER, HOUSE MAJORITY LEADER D. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, HOUSE MAJORITY LEADER, PRESIDENT E. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE, INTEREST GROUP

AN ELECTION INVOLVING MORE THAN 2 CANDIDATES IN WHICH THE PERSON WHO RECEIVES THE MOST VOTES IS THE WINNER IS CALLED A. A MAJORITY ELECTION B. A PROPORTIONAL ELECTION C. A PLURALITY ELECTION D. A SIMPLE ELECTION E. AN INDIRECT ELECTION

CABINET MEMBERS OFTEN DO NOT HAVE A DOMINANT INFLUENCE ON PRESIDENTIAL DECISION-MAKING BECAUSE A. CABINET MEMBERS GENERALLY MAINTAIN CLOSE INDEPENDENT TIES TO CONGRESS B. CABINET MEMBERS GENERALLY VIEW THEIR POSITION ONLY AS A STEPPING-STONE TO FURTHER THEIR OWN POLITICAL AMBITIONS C. CABINET MEMBERS ARE NOT PERMITTED TO PUBLICLY DISAGREE WITH THE PRESIDENT D. PRESIDENTIAL GOALS OFTEN CONFLICT WITH THE INSTITUTIONAL GOALS OF INDIVIDUAL CABINET-LEVEL AGENCIES E. ONLY HALF OF ALL CABINET MEMBERS CAN BE MEMBERS OF THE PREIDENT’S PARTY

THE ESTABLISHMENT CLAUSE OF THE FIRST AMENDMENT DOES WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING? A. GUARANTEES FREEDOM OF SPEECH TO ALL CITIZENS B. PREVENTS PRIOR RESTRAINT OF THE PRESS C. PROHIBITS THE SETTING UP OF A STATE CHURCH D. DEFINES THE CONCEPT OF DUAL CITIZENSHIP E. ALLOWS CITIZENS TO ENTER FREELY INTO CONTRACTS WITH OTHER CITIZENS

GRISWOLD V. CONNECTICUT AND ROE V. WADE ARE SIMILAR SUPREME COURT CASES IN THAT BOTH CASES ARE BASED ON THE A. RIGHTS OF GAY MEN AND LESBIAN WOMEN B. RIGHT OF PRIVACY C. RIGHT TO AN ABORTION D. RIGHT TO FREEDOM FROM CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT E. RIGHT OF WOMEN TO EQUAL PROTECTION BEFORE THE LAW

THE FRAMERS OF THE CONSTITUTION ALL BELIEVED THAT ONE OF THE PRIMARY FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT IS A. EDUCATING CITIZENS B. PROTECTING INDIVDUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS C. PROTECTING NEW IMMIGRANTS FROM PERSECUTION D. EXPANDING THE BORDERS OF THE NATION E. ENSURING THAT ANYONE ACCUSED OF A CRIME HAS THE RIGHT TO LEGAL REPRESENTION

IN THE FEDERALIST PAPERS, JAMES MADISON EXPRESSED THE VIEW THAT POLITICAL FACTIONS A. SHOULD BE NURTURED BY A FREE NATION B. SHOULD PLAY A MINOR ROLE IN ANY FREE NATION C. ARE CENTRAL TO THE CREATION OF A FREE NATION D. ARE UNDESIRABLE BUT INEVITABLE IN A FREE NATION E. ARE NECESSARY TO CONTROL THE MASSES IN A FREE NATION

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE OF NOMINEES FOR FEDERAL JUDGESHIPS? A. THEY ARE RECRUITED FROM THE CURRENT POOL OF UNITED STATES ATTORNEYS B. THEY ARE NOMINATED BY THE SENATE AND APPROVED BY THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES C. THEY ARE ELECTED IN POPULAR ELECTIONS IN INDIVIDUAL STATES D. THEY MUST RECEIVE THE APPROVAL OF THE AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION UPON NOMINATION E. THEY ARE APPOINTED FOR LIFE BY THE PRESIDENT WITH THE ADVICE AND CONSENT OF THE SENATE

AGREEMENT AMONG 4 JUSTICES ON THE SUPREME COURT IS ALWAYS SUFFICIENT TO A. DECIDE THE OUTCOME OF THE CASE B. WRITE A MAJORITY OPINION C. SET A PRECEDENT D. OVERTURN A LOWER COURT’S OPINION E. ACCEPT A CASE FOR CONSIDERATION

IN SELECTING MEMBERS OF THE WHITE HOUSE STAFF, PRESIDENTS PRIMARILY SEEKS PEOPLE WHO A. GIVE THE WHITE HOUSE IDEOLOICAL BALANCE B. ARE PERSONALLY LOYAL TO THE PRESIDENT C. HAVE EXTENSIVE GOVERNMENTAL EXPERIENCE D. WILL HELP THE PRESIDENT DEVELOP A GOOD WORKING RELATIONSHIP WITH CONGRESS E. CAN BRING A NONPARTISAN PERSPECTIVE TO POLICY DELIBERATIONS

ALL OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS PERTAINING TO THE PRESIDENTIAL VETO ARE TRUE EXCEPT A. CONGRESS OVERRIDES FEWER THAN 10 % OF PRESIDENTIAL VETOES B. A VETOED BILL IS OFTEN REVISED AND PASSED IN ANOTHER FORM C. PRESIDENTS OFTEN THREATEN TO VETO BILLS TO INCREASE THEIR LEVERAGE WITH CONGRESS D. A PRESIDENT MAY VETO PART OF A BILL E. CONGRESS OFTEN PLACES PROVISIONS THE PRESIDENT WANTS INO A BILL THE PRESIDENT DISLIKES TO MAKE A VETO LESS LIKELY

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A CORRECT STATEMENT ABOUT POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEES (PAC’s)? A. THE NUMBER OF PAC’s HAS REMAINED STABLE OVER THE PAST DECADE B. MOST PAC MONEY IS DISTRIBUTED TO CHALLENGERS IN AN EFFORT TO UNSEAT HOSTILE INCUMBENTS C. THE AMOUNT OF MONEY THAT PAC’s CAN CONTRIBUTE DIRECTLY TO AN INDIVIDUAL CANDIDATE IS LIMITED BY LAW D. PAC’s ARE ILLEGAL IN MOST STATES E. PAC’s RARELY ATTEMPT TO INFLUENCE LEGISLATION THROUGH LOBBYING ACTIVITIES

A “CLOTURE MOTION” PASSED IN THE SENATE DOES WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING? A. RETURNS A BILL TO A COMMITTEE B. CUTS OFF DEBATE ON A BILL C. CRITICIZES A SENATOR GUILTY OF IMPROPRIETIES D. REMOVES A PRESIDENT WHO HAS BEEN IMPEACHED BY THE HOUSE E. BRINGS A BILL DIRECTLY TO A VOTE WITHOUT FORMAL COMMITTEE APPROVAL

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING BEST CHARACTERIZES THE INFLUENCE OF THE NEWS MEDIA ON PUBLIC OPINION IN THE UNITED STATES? A. THEY ALTER THE PUBLIC’S VIEWS ON ISSUES B. THE AFFECT WHICH ISSUES THE PUBLIC THINKS ARE IMPORTANT C. THEY DETERMINE HOW CITIZENS WILL VOTE D. THEY ARE MOST ABLE TO INFLUENCE PEOPLE WITH THE HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATION E. THEY ARE MOST ABLE TO INFLUENCE THE URBAN SECTORS OF SOCIETY

OF THE FOLLOWING, WHICH GROUP VOTED MOST HEAVILY DEMOCRATIC IN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION BETWEEN 1964 AND 1992? A. MEXICAN AMERICANS B. CHINESE AMERICANS C. JEWISH AMERICANS D. BLACK AMERICANS E. ROMAN CATHOLIC AMERICANS

TO ENFORCE THE 14th AMENDMENT MORE CLEARLY, CONGRESSED PASSED THE A. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 B. GRAMM-RUDMAN-HOLLINGS ACT C. SOCIAL SECURITY ACT D. 26th AMENDMENT E. WAR POWERS RESOLUTION

IN THE UNITED STATES, MOST CRIMINAL CASES END IN A. A PLEA BARGAIN NEGOTIATED BY THE DEFENSE AND PROSECUTION B. AN APPEAL TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS C. AN APPEAL TO A STATE COURT OF APPEALS D. A TRIAL BY JUDGE E. A TRIAL BY JURY

THOSE WHO BELIEVE THAT THE SUPREME COURT IN ITS RULINGS SHOULD DEFER TO THE ELECTIVE INSTITUTIONS OF GOVERNMENT ARE ADVOCATING A. SOCIAL DARWINISM B. JUDICIAL ACTIVISM C. JUDICIAL RESTRAINT D. INCORPORATION E. NULLIFICATION

IN GENERAL, CONGRESS IS MOST LIKELY TO DEFER TO THE PRESIDENT A. IN THE AREA OF FOREIGN POLICY B. IN THE AREA OF FISCAL POLICY C. IN THE AREA OF SOCIAL POLICY D. LATE IN THE PRESIDENT’S TERM E. WHEN THE ECONOMY IS STRONG

IN TRYING TO INFLUENCE LEGISLATION, THE PRESIDENT IS GENERALLY MORE SUCCESSFUL THAN CONGRESSIONAL LEADERS IN A. USING THE LEGISLATIVE SCHEDULE TO POLITICAL ADVANTAGE B. ENFORCING PARTY DISCIPLINE C. SATISFYING INTEREST GROUP DEMANDS FOR ACCESS TO THE POLICY PROCESS D. EFFECTIVELY USING FORMAL PARLIAMENTARY POWERS RATHER THAN PERSUASION E. USING THE MEDIA TO SET THE POLICY AGANDA

SUPPORTERS OF GRANTING THE PRESIDENT A LINE-ITEM VETO WOULD MOST LIKELY ARGUE THAT THIS POWER WOULD INCREASE A PRESIDENT’S ABILITY TO A. WORK EFFECTIVELY WITH THE CABINET B. NEGOTIATE UNDERSTANDINGS WITH FOREIGN HEADS OF GOVERNMENT C. CONTROL FEDERAL SPENDING D. AVOID COSTLY DISPUTES WITH THE JUDICIARY E. PROVIDE EFFECTIVELY FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE OF AN EXECUTIVE AGREEMENT MADE BETWEEN A UNITED STATES PRESIDENT AND ANOTHER HEAD OF STATE? A. IT DOES NOT REQUIRE SENATE APPROVAL, BUT MAY REQUIRE CONGRESSIONAL ALLOCATION OF FUNDS FOR IMPLEMENTATION B. IT DOES NOT REQUIRE CONGRESSIONAL FUNDING BECAUSE THE PRESIDENT CAN USE THE POWER OF THE PURSE TO RAISE IMPLEMENTATION FUNDS C. IT HAS MORE LEGAL FORCE THAN A TREATY D. IT IS BINDING ON ALL SUCCEEDING PRESIDENTS AND CONGRESSES E. IT HAS BEEN USED EXTENSIVELY TO END ARMED CONFLICTS

ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ARE REASONS INCUMBENTS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ENJOY AN ELECTORAL ADVANTAGE OVER CHALLENGERS EXCEPT THAT INCUMBENTS A. GET SUBSTANTIAL FINANCIAL SUPPORT FROM THEIR PARTY’S NATIONAL COMMITTEE B. ARE BETTER KNOWN TO VOTES THAN ARE CHALLENGERS C. FIND IT MUCH EASIER TO RAISE CAMPAIGN FUNDS THAN DO CHALLENGERS D. CAN USE STAFF MEMBERS TO DO CONSTITUENT SERVICE E. OFTEN SERVE ON COMMITTEES THAT ENABLE THEM TO HELP THE COMMUNTY

THE OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET HAS THE PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY FOR DOING WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING? A. IMPLEMENTING FEDERAL UNEMPLOYMENT POLICY B. PREPARING THE BUDGET C. AUDITING THE BUDGET D. APPROPRIATING FUNDS FOR THE BUDGET E. APPROVING THE BUDGET

THE BOUNDARY LINES FOR CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS ARE DRAWN BY A. THE UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES B. THE UNITED STATES SENATE C. UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURTS D. STATE GOVERNORS E. STATE LEGISLATURES

THE MOST COMMON FORM OF POLITICAL ACTIVITY UNDERTAKEN BY UNITED STATES CITIZENS IS A. LOBBYING TO INFLUENCE DECISIONS BY PUBLIC OFFICIALS B. CAMPAIGNING FOR CANDIDATES FOR OFFICE C. CONTRIBUTING MONEY TO A POLITICAL PARTY D. VOTING IN LOCAL ELECTIONS E. VOTING IN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS BEST DESCRIBES HOW U.S. CITIZENS REGARD THE RIGHTS OF FREE SPEECH AND ASSEMBLY? A. A MAJORITY AGRESS IN PRINCIPLE WITH THESE RIGHTS, BUT IN PRACTICE MANY PEOPLE ARE OFTEN INTOLERANT OF VIEWS THEY DO NOT SUPPORT B. A MAJORITY ACTIVELY SUPPORT THESE RIGHTS WITHOUT RESERVATIONS. C. A MAJORITY OPPOSE THESE RIGHTS IN PRINCIPLE D. THE AVERAGE CITIZEN IS MORE SUPPORTIVE OF THESE RIGHTS THAN ARE MEMBERS OF THE ELITE E. CONSERVATIVES HAVE TRADITIONALLY BEEN MORE SUPPORTIVE OF THESE RIGHTS THAN HAVE LIBERALS

THE 14th AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION HAS BEEN INTERPRETED BY THE SUPREME COURT TO A. EXPAND PRESIDENTIAL POWER B. RESTRICT THE APPLICATION OF JUDICIAL REVIEW C. MAKE MOST RIGHTS CONTAINED IN THE BILL OF RIGHTS APPLICABLE TO THE STATES D. PREVENT STATES FROM TAXING AGENCIES OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT E. LIMIT THE USE OF THE LEGISLATIVE VETO

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE ABOUT DIVIDED PARTY CONTROL OF THE PRESIDENCY AND CONGRESS? A. IT IS A NATURAL OCCURRENCE DUE TO THE CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM OF CHECKS AND BALANCES B. IT RARELY OCCURS IN UNITED STATES ELECTIONS C. IT PROMOTES QUICK ACTION BY THE PRESIDENT AND CONGRESS ON SUCH ISSUES AS THE FEDERAL BUDGET D. IT REFLECTS A FREQUENT ELECTION PATTERN OVER THE PAST THREE DECADES E. IT RESULTS FROM THE REAPPORTIONMENT OF HOUSE SEATS AFTER THE DECENNIAL CENSUS

THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT WAS DESIGNED PRIMARILY TO GIVE A. CONGRESS ACCESS TO INFORMATION FROM CITIZENS B. POLICE ACCESS TO INFORMATION FROM CRIMINAL SUSPECTS C. THE COURTS ACCESS TO INFORMATION FROM REPORTERS D. CITIZENS ACCESS TO INFORMATION FROM THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH E. CONGRESS ACCESS TO INFORMATION FROM THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE OF THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE SYSTEM? A. IT ENCOURAGES THE EMERGENCE OF THIRD PARTIES B. IT ENCOURAGES CANDIDATES TO CONCENTRATE THEIR CAMPAIGNS IN COMPETITIVE, POPULOUS STATES C. IT ENSURES THAT THE VOTES OF ALL CITIZENS COUNT EQUALLY IN SELECTING THE PRESIDENT D. IT REQUIRES THAT A CANDIDATE WIN A MINIMUM OF 26 STATES TO OBTAIN A MAJORITY IN THE COLLEGE E. IT TENDS TO MAKE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS APPEAR CLOSER THAN THEY REALLY ARE

THE CONGRESSIONAL SYSTEM OF STANDING COMMITTEES IS SIGNIFICANT BECAUSE IT A. FOSTERS THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXPERTISE BY MEMBERS B. HELPS CONGRESS REDUCE STAFF COSTS C. INSULATES DECISION-MAKING FROM THE INFLUENCE OF SPECIAL INTERESTS D. WEAKENS CONGRESS IN ITS DEALINGS WITH THE PRESIDENT E. PREVENTS CONGRESS FROM EFFECTIVELY PROCESSING ITS LARGE LEGISLATIVE WORKLOAD

ELECTIONS FOR THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES PROVIDE A. APPROXIMATELY EQUAL REPRESENTATION FOR EVERY VOTER B. AN EQUAL CHANCE OF GETTING ELECTED FOR BOTH INCUMBENTS AND CHALLENGERS C. A SYSTEM IN WHICH ONLY THOSE CANDIDATES WHO RECEIVE A MAJORITY OF THE VOTES CAST WIN ON THE FIRST BALLOT D. PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION BASED ON THE PERCENTAGE OF VOTES CAST FOR EACH PARTY E. PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION OF RACIAL AND ETHNIC MINORITIES

IN CONTRAST TO REVENUE SHARING, CATEGORICAL GRANTS-IN-AID PROVIDE STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS A. SUBSTANTIAL DISCRETION IN DECIDING HOW TO USE THE GRANTS TO SOLVE THEIR PROBLEMS B. AID THAT REFLECTS TAX BASE AND POPULATION C. THE POWER TO IMPOSE REGRESSIVE TAXES D. FUNDS SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT A HIGH LEVEL OF LOCAL SERVICE E. FUNDS TO ADMINISTER PROGRAMS CLEARLY SPECIFIED BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS IMPOWERED TO CREATE NEW FEDERAL COURTS AND SPECIFY THE NUMBER OF JUDGES WHO WILL SIT ON THEM? A. THE SUPREME COURT B. CONGRESS C. THE PREIDENT D. THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE E. THE ATTORNEY GENERAL

THE WAR POWERS RESOLUTION (1973) WAS DESIGNED TO A. ALLOW THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF TO ADVICE THE PRESIDENT DURING PERIODS OF CONFLICT B. ALLOW THE PRESIDENTS TO SUSPEND CERTAIN CIVIL LIBERTIES DURING TMES OF WAR C. REQUIRES A CONGRESSIONAL DECLARATION OF WAR BEFORE ALLOWING MILITARY FORCES TO BE USED OVERSEAS D. ASSURES CONGRESSIONAL INVOLVEMENT IN DECISIONS COMMITTING MILITARY FORCES IN HOSTILE SITUATIONS OVERSEAS E. ENSURES FUNDING FOR MILITARY OPERATIONS LASTING MORE THAN 60 AYS

THE PRIMARY REASON FOR THE CURRENT EXISTENCE OF ONLY TWO MAJOR PARTIES IN THE UNITED STATES IS THAT A. THE CONSTITUTION PUTS SEVERE RESTRICTIONS ON OTHER PARTIES B. THIRD PARTIES ARE USUALLY FAR TO THE RIGHT OR LEFT, AND AMERICANS ARE MODERATES C. A WINNER-TAKE-ALL ELECTORAL SYSTEM MAKES IT DIFFICULT FOR NEW PARTIES TO EMERGE AND SURVIVE D. VOTERS NATURALY THINK OF THEMSELVES AS EITHER LIBERALS OR CONSERVATIVES E. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS CAN VOTE FOR ONLY TWO CANDIDATES

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING HAS THE MOST INFLUENCE ON THE OUTCOME OF A CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION? A.LOCAL PERFORMANCE OF A CANDIDATE’S PARTY IN THE PRESIDENTIAL RACE B. A CANDIDATE’S INCUMBENCY STATUS C. THE AMOUNT OF A CANDIDATE’S CAMPAIGN SPENDING RELATIVE TO THAT OF HIS OR HER OPPONENT D. THE LEVEL OF SUPPORT FROM LOCAL PARTY LEADERS E. THE LEVEL OF VOTER TURNOUT

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS AN ACCURATE STATEMENT ABOUT THE VOTER TURNOUT RATE IN THE UNITED STATES? A. IT IS HIGH BECAUSE OF THE LARGE NUMBER OF ELECTIVE OFFICES B. IT IS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER AMONG MEN THAN AMONG WOMEN C. IT IS LOWER THAN MOST OTHER WESTERN DEMOCRACIES D. IT INCREASED SHARPLY WHEN EIGHTEEN YEAR OLDS WERE GIVEN THE RIGHT TO VOTE E. IT HAS BEEN STAEDY OVER THE LAST THIRTY YEARS

THE CLEAR-AND-PRESENT-DANGER TEST DEVISED BY THE SUPREME COURT WAS DESIGNED TO DEFINE THE CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH PUBLIC AUTHORITIES COULD A. BAN OBSCENE MATERIALS B. SUSPEND HABEAS CORPUS PROTECTIONS C. MOBILIZE THE NATIONAL GUARD D. LIMIT FREE SPEECH E. COMMIT TROOPS TO SITUATIONS OF POTENTIAL FOREIGN COMBAT

A COMMITTEE CHAIR IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IS ALWAYS A. THE MEMBER WITH THE LONGEST SERVICE ON THE COMMITTEE B. THE MEMBER WITH THE LONGEST SERVICE IN THE HOUSE C. A REPRESENTATIVE OF THE SPEAKER D. A MEMBER OF THE MAJORITY PARTY IN THE CHAMBER E. A TRUSTED ALLY OF THE PRESIDENT

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE OF INDEPENDENT REGULATORY AGENCIES? A. THEY TEND TO HAVE LARGER BUDGETS THAN CABINET DEPARTMENTS B. THEY ARE DIRECTLY SUPERVISED BY CABINET DEPARTMENTS C. THEY PROVIDE A PRODUCT OR SERVICE DIRECTLY TO THE PUBLIC D. THEY ARE INSULATED FROM CONTACT WITH INTEREST GROUPS E. THEY TEND TO BE FREER FROM PRESIDENTIAL CONTROL THAN ARE CABINET DEPARTMENTS

COMMUNICATION BETWEEN CONGRESSIONAL REPRESENTATIVES AND CONSTITUENTS OCCURS MAINLY THROUGH A. COMMITTEE HEARINGS B. THE MEDIA C. THE PERSONAL STAFF OF REPRESENTATIVES D. THE FEDERAL BUREAUCRACY E. STAFF MEMBERS OF CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES

THE SUPREME COURT’S DECISION IN ROE V. WADE WAS BASED ON A. THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY IMPLIED IN THE BILL OF RIGHTS B. GUARANTEES OF FREEDOM OF RELIGION CONTAINED IN THE FIRST AMENDMENT C. THE DUE PROCESS CLAUSE OF THE FIFTH AMENDMENT D. THE EQUAL PROTECTION CLAUSE OF THE FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT E. A FEDERAL STATUTE LEGALIZING ABORTION

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS ABOUT INCUMBENT SENATORS RUNNING FOR REELECTION IS CORRECT? A. THE SENATORS WITH THE BEST CHANCE OF REELECTION ARE THOSE WHO HAVE SERVED THE LONGEST B. THE AMOUNT OF MONEY SPENT BY A CHALLENGER HAS LITTLE BEARING ON AN INCUMBENT’S REELECTION CHANCES C. INCUMBENT SENATORS ARE LESS LIKELY TO BE REELECTED THAN ARE INCUMBENT MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES D. AN INCUNBENT SENATOR IS EQUALLY LIKELY TO BE REELECTED OR DEFEATED E. THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR INFLUENCING THE REELECTION CHANCES OF SENATORS IS WHETHER THEY BELONG TO THE PRESIDENT’S PARTY

THE MOST COMMON CRITERION THAT PEOPLE USE WHEN VOTING FOR A PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE IS THE CANDIDATE’S A. VIEWS ON SPECIFIC ISSUES B. PARTY IDENTIFICATION C. IDEOLOGICAL POSITION D. PERSONAL APPEARANCE E. FISCAL POLICY

PROTECTION OF THE LEGAL RIGHTS OF WOMEN HAS BEEN FACILITATED BY THE PASSAGE OF WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING? I. THE EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT II. THE EQUAL PAY ACT OF 1963 III. THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 IV. THE EDUCATION AMENDEMENTS ACT OF 1972 A. II ONLY B. I AND III ONLY C. I AND IV ONLY D. II, III, AND IV ONLY E. I, II, III, AND IV

WHICH IF THE FOLLOWING PRINCIPLES PROTECTS A CITIZEN FROM IMPRISONMENT WITHOUT A TRIAL? A. REPRISENTATIVE GOVERNMENT B. SEPARATION OF POWERS C. DUE PROCESS D. CHECKS AND BALANCES E. POPULAR SOVEREIGNITY

AT FIRST-TERM MEMBER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES FROM NORTH DAKOTA WHO WISHED TO MAXIMIZE OPPORTUNTIES FOR CONSTITUENT SERVICE WOULD BE MOST LIKELY TO SEEK PLACEMENT ON WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEES? A. JUDICIARY B. AGRICULTURE C. RULES D. FOREIGN AFFAIRS E. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

IN THE LAST THIRTY YEARS, THE SINGLE MOST IMPORTANT VARIABLE IN DETERMINING THE OUTCOME OF AN ELECTION FOR A MEMBER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HAS BEEN A. INCUMBENCY B. PERSONAL WEALTH C. PREVIOUS POLITICAL OFFICES HELD IN THE DISTRICT D. MEMBERSHIP IN THE POLITICAL PARTY OF THE PRESIDENT E. POSITIONS ON KEY SOCIAL ISSUES

THE POWER OF THE RULES COMMITTEE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESTATIVES RESTS ON ITS AUTHORITY TO A. CHOOSE THE CHAIRS OF OTHER STANDING COMMITTEES AND ISSUE RULES FOR THE SELECTION OF SUBCOMMITTEE CHAIRS B. INITIATE ALL SPENDING LEGISLATION AND HOLD BUDGET HEARINGS C. PLACE A BILL ON THE LEGISLATIVE CALENDER, LIMIT TIME FOR DEBATE, AND DETERMINE THE TYPE OF AMENDMENTS ALLOWED D. DETERMINE THE PROCEDURES BY WHICH NOMINATIONS BY THE PRESIDENT WILL BE APPROVED BY THE HOUSE E. CHOOSE THE PRESIDENT IF NO CANDIDATE WINS A MAJORITY IN THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE

IN MARBURY V. MADISON (1803), THE SUPREME COURT ASSUMED THE POWER TO A. DECIDE WHETHER INTERNAL CONGRESSIONAL PROCEDURES ARE CONSTITUTIONAL B. ADVISE CONGRESS ON THE ` CONSTITUTIONALITY OF A PROPOSED LAW C. REGULATE SLAVERY D. DECIDE ON THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF A LAW OR AN EXECUTIVE ACTION E. APPROVE EXECUTIVE AGREEMENTS

THE ACTIVITIES OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD HAVE THE MOST DIRECT INFLUENCE ON A. BANK INTEREST RATES B. GOVERNMENT SPENDING C. OIL PRICES D. TROOP-STRENGTH LEVELS OF THE ARMED SERVICES E. AVAILABILITY OF SCARCE MINERALS

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS MOST ACCURATELY COMPARES ELECTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES WITH THOSE IN MOST OTHER WESTERN DEMOCRACIES? A. UNITED STATES CITIZENS HAVE FEWER OPPORTUNITES TO VOTE IN ELECTIONS B. POLITICAL PARTIES EXERT A STRONGER INFLUENCE OVER VOTING IN THE UNITED STATES C. THERE ARE FEWER OBSTACLES TO VOTING IN THE UNITED STATES D. THERE ARE MORE POLITICAL PARTIES IN THE UNITED STATES E. THE VOTER TURNOUT RATE IN THE UNITED STATES IS USUALLY LOWER

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ACTIVITIES OF AMERICAN LABOR UNIONS IS RECOGNIZED BY LAW? A. ENGAGING IN STRIKES B. DENYING THE PUBLIC ACCESS TO A BUSINESS C. REFUSING A SUBPOENA TO APPEAR BEFORE AN INVESTIGATIVE COMMITTEES OF CONGRESS D. DISOBEYING A COURT INJUNCTION TO RETURN TO WORK E. REQUIRING MEMBERS TO MAKE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING BEST DESCRIBES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND PARTICIPATION IN POLITICS? A. THE LOWER ONE’S SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, THE MORE LIKELY IT IS THAT ONE WILL RUN FOR PUBLIC OFFICE. B. THE HIGHER ONE’S SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, THE GREATER THE PROBABILITY OF ACTIVE INVOLVEMENT IN THE POLITICAL PROCESS. C. ADULTS WHO ARE UNEMPLOYED HAVE A GREATER PERSONAL INTEREST IN POLICY AND TEND TO PARTICIPATE MORE ACTIVELY IN POLITICS THAN DO EMPLOYED ADULTS. D. PEOPLE IN THE LOWER MIDDLE CLASS ARE THE MOST LIKELY TO PARTICIPATE IN POLITICS. E. THERE IS NO RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WERE LEAST LIKELY TO HAVE BEEN PART OF THE NEW DEAL ELECTORAL COALITION? A. BLUE-COLLAR WORKERS B. RACIAL MINORITIES C. SOUTHENERS D. NORTHERN BUSINESS LEADERS E. FARM LABORERS

THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION GUARANTEES ALL OF THE FOLLOWING RIGHTS TO PERSON ARRESTED AND CHARGED WITH SERIOUS CRIME EXCEPT THE RIGHT TO A. REMAIN SILENT B. BE REPRESENTED BY A LAWYER C. NEGOTIATE A PLEA BARGAIN D. DEMAND A WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS E. RECEIVE A SPEEDY AND PUBLIC TRIAL

“THE CONSTITUTION LIMITS THE SIZE OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA TO____” -STATE OF ALABAMA LITERACY TEST. 1936 THE QUESTION ABOVE AND THE LITERACY TEST FROM WHICH IT CAME WERE MOST LIKELY DESIGNED TO A. DETERMINE THE LITERACY OF POTENTIAL VOTERS B. PREVENT BLACK PEOPLE FROM EXERCISING THEIR RIGHT TO VOTE C. ASSESS THE GENERAL POPULATIONS UNDERSTANDING OF THE CONSTITUTION D. PROMOTE OPPOSITION TO STATEHOOD FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA E. STOP PEOPLE FROM MOVING TO THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

THE DETAILS OF LEGISLATION ARE USUALLY WORKED OUT IN WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING SETTINGS? A. A PARTY CAUCUS B. THE MAJORITY LEADERS OFFICE C. THE FLOOR OF THE HOUSE D. LEGISLATIVE HEARINGS E. A SUBCOMMITTEE

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE PREPARATION OF EXECUTIVE SPENDING PROPOSALS SUBMITTED TO CONGRESS? A. TREASURY DEPARTMENT B. COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVIDORS C. FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION D. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE E. OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET

IN UNITED STATES V. NIXON THE SUPREME COURT RULED THAT A. THE JUDICIAL BRANCH SHOULD NOT INTERVENE IN POLITICAL DISPUTES BETWEEN THE PRESIDENT AND CONGRESS B. PRESIDENTIAL POWER IS NOT AUTOMATICALLY EXTENDED DURING TIMES OF NATIONAL SECURITY C. PRESIDENTS MUST ACCOUNT TO THE COURT FOR THE WAY IN WHICH THEY INPLEMENT POLICY D. THERE IS NO CONSTITUTIONAL GUARANTEE OF UNQUALIFIED EXECUTIVE PRIVILEGE E. THE PRESIDENT DOES NOT HAVE THE POWER OF AN ITEM VETO OVER CONGRESSIONAL LEGISLATION

“PORK BARREL” LEGISLATION HELPS THE REELECTION CHANCES OF A MEMBER OF CONGRESS BECAUSE SUCH LEGISLATION A. GIVES THE MEMBER OF CONGRESS NATIONAL STANDING AND COVERAGE ON NATIONAL TELEVISION NEWS B. HELPS EARN THE MEMBER OF CONGRESS A REPUTATION FOR SERVICE TO HIS OR HER DISTRICT C. ATTRACTS CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTIONS FROM IDEOLOGICAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEES D. PREVENTS OTHER CANIDATES FROM CLAIMING THAT THE MEMBER OF CONGRESS IS TOO LIBERAL FOR HIS OR HER DISTRICT E. REQUIRES THE MEMBER OF CONGRESS TO TRAVEL EXTENSIVELY

AN ADVANTAGE THAT BUREAUCRATS IN FEDERAL GOVERNMENT HAVE OVER THE PRESIDENT IN THE POLICYMAKING PROCESS IS THAT BUREAUCRATS A. CONTROL THE BUDGETARY PROCESS B. HAVE AN INDEPENDENCE FROM THE PRESIDENT THAT IS GUARANTED BY THE CONSTITUTION C. FIND IT EASIER TO MARSHALL PUBLIC SUPPORT THAN DOES THE PRESIDENT D. USUALLY HAVE A CONTINUITY OF SERVICE IN THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH THAT THE PRESIDENT LACKS E. HAVE BETTER ACCESS TO THE MEDIA THAN DOES THE PRESIDENT

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE BEST PREDICTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION’S ANNUAL BUDGET? A. THE PREFERENCES OF THE CHAIR OF THE SENATE FINANCE COMMITTEE B. THE BUDGET RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION C. THE RATE OF INCREASE OF TEACHERS’ SALARIES D. THE NUMBER OF CHILDREN ENTERING KINDERGARDEN E. THE SIZE OF THE PREVIOUS YEAR’S BUDGET

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING GROUPS WOULD BE LEAST LIKELY TO MAINTAIN A NATIONAL LOBBYING ORGANIZATION IN WASHINGTON D.C.? A. ENVIRONMENTALISTS B. PUBLIC HOUSING TENANTS C. NURSES D. AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURES E. AUTOMOBILE ASSEMBLY-LINE WORKERS

IN THE CONSTITUTION AS ORIGINALLY RATIFIED IN 1788, THE PROVISIONS REGARDING WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING MOST CLOSELY APPROXIMATE POPULAR MAJORIATARIAN DEMOCRACY? A. ELECTION OF MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES B. ELECTION OF MEMBERS OF THE SENATE C. ELECTION OF THE PRESIDENT D. RATIFICATION OF TREATIES E. CONFIRMATION OF PRESIDENTIAL APPOINTMENTS

BETWEEN 1964 AND 1984 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD HAVE BEEN MOST LIKELY TO VOTE FOR THE DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE? A. A CUBAN –AMERICAN BUSINESS EXECUTIVE FROM MIAMI B. A BLACK TEACHER FROM LOS ANGELES C. A WHITE DOCTOR FROM ATLANTA D. A POLISH-AMERICAN TRUCK DRIVER FROM PHOENIX E. A METHODIST FARMER FROM IOWA

MOST OF THE BILLS INTRODUCED IN THE HOUSE AND THE SENATE ARE THEN A. PASSED BY ONE CHAMBER BUT NOT THE OTHER B. PASSED BY BOTH CHAMBERS BUT VETOED BY THE PRESIDENT C. REFERRED TO COMMITTEE BUT NEVER SENT TO THE FULL CONGRESS D. VOTED DOWN DURING THE AMENDMENT STAGE OF THE FLORR DEBATE E. KILLED IN THE RULES COMMITTEE

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING BEST DEFINES THE TERM “JUDICIAL ACTIVISM”? A. THE DEMANDS ON JUDGES TO HEAR LARGE NUMBERS OF CASES B. THE EFFORT OF JUDGES TO LOBBY CONGRESS FOR FUNDS C. THE ATTEMPS BY JUDGES TO INFLUENCE ELECTION OUTCOMES D. THE UNWILLINGNESS OF JUDGES TO REMOVE THEMSELVES FROM CASES IN WHICH THEY HAVE A PERSONAL INTEREST E. THE TENDENCY OF JUDGES TO INTERPRET THE CONSTITUTION ACCORDING TO THEIR OWN VIEWS

A PRESIDENT MAY PERSUADE RECALCITRANT MEMBERS OF CONGERESS TO VOTE FOR A PARTICULAR BILL BY A. HAVING MEMBERS WHO OPPOSE THE BILL TRANSFERRED TO UNPOPULAR COMMITTEES B. DENYING CAMPAIGN FUNDS TO MEMBERS WHO OPPOSE THE BILL C. THREATENING TO DENY RENOVATION TO MEMBERS WHO OPPOSE THE BILL D. THREATENING TO ITEM VETO PART OF A DIFFERENT BILL THAT ENJOYS BIPARTISIAN SUPPORT IN CONGRESS E. MAKING A DIRECT APPEAL TO THE PUBLIC THROUGH THE MASS MEDIA

IN GENERAL, INDEPENDENT REGULATORY COMMISSIONS ARE CREATED PRIMARILY FOR THE PURPOSE OF A. SUPPORTING AND HELPING CABINET-LEVEL DEPARTMENTS B. PROPOSING POLICY ALTERNATIVES DURING PERIODS OF CRISIS C. REGULATING THE ACTIVITIES OF OTHER BUREAUCRATIC AGENCIES TO ENSURE THAT THEY ACT IN A FAIR AND OBJECTIVE MANNER D. REGULATING CERTAIN INDUSTRIES TO PROTECT THE PUBLIC INTEREST E. INCREASING THE PRESIDENT’S PATRONAGE POWERS

THE PRESIDENT’S VETO POWER IS ACCURATELY DESCRIBED BY WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATESMENTS? I. A PRESIDENT SOMETIMES THREATENS TO VETO A BILL THAT IS UNDER DISCUSSION IN ORDER TO INFLUENCE CONGRESSIONAL DECISION-MAKING. II. A PRESIDENT TYPICALLY VETEOS ABOUT A THIRD OF THE BILLS PASSED BY CONGRESS. III. CONGRESS IS USUALLY UNABLE TO OVERRIDE A PRESIDENT’S VETO. A. I ONLY B. III ONLY C. I AND III ONLY D. II AND III ONLY E. I, II, AND III

INVOCATION OF THE WAR POWERS ACT OF 1973 WOULD BE MOST IMPORTANT IN DETERMINING WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING? A. THE NATURE OF THE COMMITMENT OF UNITED STATES MARINES TO A PEACE-KEEPING ROLE IN LEBANON B. THE AMOUNT OF FINANCIAL AID TO CONTRAS OF NICARAGUA C. THE TIMING OF NAVAL MANEUVERS OFF THE COAST OF LIBYA D. THE APPOINTMENT OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF E. THE LEGALITY OF EXTRADITING FOREIGN AGENTS RESPONSIBLE FOR ACTS OF TERRORISM AGAISNT UNITED STATES CITIZENS ABROAD

AMERICAN POLITICAL CULTURE IS CHARACTERIZED BY STRONG POPULAR SUPPORT FOR ALL OF THE FOLLOWING EXCEPT A. THE RULE OF LAW B. LIMITED GOVERNMENT C. INDIVIDUAL LIBERTY D. EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY E. ECONOMIC EQUALITY

ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ARE COMMONLY USED BY INTEREST GROUPS TO INFLUENCE THE POLITICAL PROCESS EXCEPT A.LOBBYING B. CONTRIBUTING MONEY TO CANDIDATES C. NOMINATING CANDIDATES D. FILING LAWSUITS E. APPEALING TO PUBLIC OPINION

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING BEST DEFINES THE CONSTITUTIONAL INTERPRETATION OF FEDERALISM? A. THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND THE STATES EACH HAVE SEPARATE AND MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES: NEITHER CONTROLS THE OTHER. B. THE STATES HAVE SOME POWERS RESERVED TO WHICH THEY MAY EXERCISE IF THE SUPREME COURT PERMITS. C. THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND THE STATES HAVE SEPARATE BUT OVERLAPPING POWERS. IF THERE IS A CONFLICT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT PREVAILS D. THE STATES MAY ONLY EXERCISE THOSE POWERS DELEGATED TO THEM BY CONGRESS E. THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT MAY EXERCISE ONLY THOSE POWERS SPECIFICALLY ENUMERATED IN THE CONSTITUTION.

ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ISSUES WERE DECIDED AT THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION EXCEPT A. REPRESENTATION IN LEGISLATURE B. VOTING QUALIFICATIONS OF THE ELECTORATE C. METHOD OF ELECTING THE PRESIDENT D. CONGRESSIONAL POWER TO OVERRIDE A PRESIDENTIAL VETO E. QUALIFICATIONS FOR MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE AND SENATE

THE USEFULNESS TO THE PRESIDENT OF HAVING CABINET MEMBERS AS POLITICAL ADVISERS IS UNDERMINED BY THE FACT THAT A. THE PRESIDENT HAS LITTLE LATITUDE IN CHOOSING CABINET MEMBERS B. CABINET MEMBERS HAVE NO POLITICAL SUPPORT INDEPENDENT OF THE PRESIDENT C. CABINET MEMBERS ARE USUALLY DRAWN FROM CONGRESS AND RETAIN LOYALTIES TO CONGRESS D. THE LOYALTIES OF CABINET MEMBERS ARE OFTEN DIVIDED BETWEEN LOYALTY TO THE PRESIDENT AND LOYALTY TO THEIR OWN EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS E. THE CABINET OPERATES AS A COLLECTIVE UNIT AND INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS HAVE NO ACCESS TO THE PRESIDENT

CONGRESS HAS EXERTED THE GREATEST INFLUENCE ON THE OPERATION OF A FEDERAL AGENCY BY DOING WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING? A. REQURING THE AGENCY TO PARTICIPATE IN INTERAGENCY TASK FORCES B. DISMISSING AN AGENCY HEAD WHO DISAGREES WITH CONGRESSIONAL PRIORITIES C. REVIEWING THE ANNUAL BUDGET APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE AGENCY D. PASSING “SUNSET” LEGISLATION THAT TEMINATES PROGRAMS AFTER A CERTAIN PERIOD E. ASKING THE SUPREME COURT FOR ADVISORY OPINIONS ON AGENCY REGULATIONS

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS AN ACCURATE STATEMENT ABOUT POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN THE UNITED STATES TODAY? A. A MAJORITY OF AMERICANS CAMPAIGN FOR A CANDIDATE IN EACH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION. B. OVER 75% OF AMERICANS VOTE IN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS. C. PEOPLE WHO PARTICIPATE IN THE POLITICAL PROCESS ARE USUALLY ANGRY AT GOVERNMENT D. SIMILAR PROPORTIONS OF ELIGIBLE MEN AND WOMEN VOTE IN PRESIDENTION ELECTIONS. E. PEOPLE IN THEIR THIRTIES OR FORTIES ARE LESS LIKELY TO BE ACTIVE IN POLITICS THAN ARE THOSE AGED 18-21.

THE AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION THAT WERE RATIFIED DURING RECONSTRUCTION WERE PRIMARILY DESIGNED TO A. PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF WOMEN AGAINST INFRINGEMENT BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT B. PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF BLACK CITIZENS AGAINST INFRINGEMENT BY STATE GOVERNMENTS C. ENSURE EQUAL ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY FOR BLACK CITIZENS D. FACILITATE THE REBUILDING OF THE SOUTHERN ECONOMY E. LIMIT THE POWER THE PRESIDENT HAD GAINED DURING THE CIVIL WAR

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING SURPREME COURT CASES INVOLVED THE PRINCIPLE OF “ONE PERSON, ONE VOTE”? A. BAKER V. CARR B. ROE V. WADE C. MAPP V. OHIO D. KOREMATSU V. UNITED STATES E. GIDEON V. WAINWRIGHT

DEBATE OF A BILL IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES UNDER A “CLOSED RULE” MEANS THAT A. THE BILL CAN ONLY BE AMENDED BY SECTION B. DEBATE ON THE BILL WILL CONSIST OF FIVE- MINUTE SPEECHED, PRO AND CON C. ONLY SENIOR MEMBERS ARE ALLOWED TO PARTICIPATE D. AMENDMENTS TO THE BILL CANNOT BE OFFERED E. THE BILL MUST BE APPROVED BY TWO-THIRDS OF THE HOUSE

THE CONSTITUTION AS RATIFIED IN 1788 CLEARLY REFLECTS THE FRAMERS’ COMMITMENT TO A. THE IDEA OF DIRECT DEMOCRACY B. THE PRINCIPLE OF LIMITED GOVERNMENT C. THE ABOLITION OF SLAVERY D. PROTECTING THE RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED E. MAINTAINING THE PRIMACY OF THE STATES

A SUPREME COURT THAT DEMONSTRATES A WILLINGNESS TO CHANGE PUBLIC POLICY AND ALTER JUDICIAL PRECEDENT IS SAID TO BE ENGAGING IN A. JUDICIAL ACTIVISM B. DUE PROCESS C. JUDICIAL RESTRAINT D. EX POST FACTO LAWMAKING E. JUDICIAL REVIEW

“WE CONCLUDE THAT IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION THE DOCTRINE OF ‘SEPARATE BUT EQUAL’ HAS NO PLACE. SEPARATE EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES ARE INHERENTLY UNEQUAL” THE SUPREME COURT ISSUED THIS OPINION IN ITS RULING ON WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CASES? A. GIDEON V. WAINWRIGHT B. MARBURY V. MADISON C. ENGEL V. VITALE D. REGENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF CALIF. V. BAKKE E. BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION OF TOPEKA

THE RULES COMMITTEE IS CONSIDERED AMONG THE MOST POWERFUL IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES BECAUSE IT HAS GREAT POWER OVER THE A. ETHICAL CONDUCT OF HOUSE MEMBERS B. SELECTION OF FEDERAL JUDGES C. NUMBER OF SUBCOMMITTEES THAT A STANDING COMMITTEE MAY ESTABLISH AT ANY GIVEN TIME D. SCHEDULING OF VOTES AND THE CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH BILLS ARE DEBATED AND AMENDED E. REGULATIONS GOVERNING FEDERAL ELECTIONS

THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEES (PACs) IS TO A. CONTRIBUTE MONEY TO CANDIDATES FOR ELECTIONS B. COORDINATE LOCAL GET-OUT-THE-VOTE CAMPAIGNS C. PROMOTE THE DEFEAT OF INCUMBENTS IN THE FEDERAL AND STATE LEGISLATURES D. ORGANIZE PROTEST DEMONSTRATIONS AND OTHER ACTS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE E. CONTAC CONGRESS TO SUGGEST LEGISLATION

ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ARE SPECIFICALLY MENTIONED IN THE CONSTITUTION EXCEPT A. JUDICIAL REVIEW B. THE NATIONAL CENSUS C. RULES OF IMPEACHMENT D. THE STATE OF THE UNION ADDRESS E. LENGTH OF TERM OF FEDERAL JUDGESHIPS

AMONG THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH’S CHECKS ON THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH IS THE PRESIDENT’S POWER TO A. CALL A SPECIAL SESSION OF CONGRESS B. INTRODUCE BILLS TO THE FLOOR OF CONGRESS C. ADDRESS CONGRESS DURING ITS DEBATE ON BILLS D. VOTE ON ACTS OF CONGRESS E. DISBAND CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING GENERALLY RESULTS WHEN THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES PASS DIFFERENT VERSIONS OF THE SAME BILL? A. THE PRESIDENT SIGNS THE VERSION HE PREFERS B. THE BILL GOES BACK TO EACH HOUSE’S COMMITTEE AND RESTARTS THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS C. ALL AMENDMENTS TO THE BILL ARE INVALIDATED, AND THE ORIGINAL VERSION OF THE BILL IS SENT TO THE PRESIDENT TO SIGN D. THE SENATE’S VERSION OF THE BILL IS SENT TO THE PRESIDENT, BECAUSE THE SENATE IS THE HIGHER LEGISLATIVE BODY E. THE TWO LEGISLATIVE BODIES FORM A CONFERENCE COMMITTEE

A MEMBER OF WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS IS MOST LIKELY TO SUPPORT A REPUBICAN PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE? A. WHITE MALE B. WHITE FEMALE C. AFRICAN AMERICAN D. YOUTH BELOW THE AGE OF 25 E. INDIVIDUALS EARNING BELOW THE POVERTY LEVEL

THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 WAS PASSED IN ORDER TO REINFORCE THE A. PRESIDENTIAL VETO B. SYSTEM OF CHECKS AND BALANCES C. STATES’ POWER TO CHALLENGE FEDERAL REGULATIONS D. FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT E. TAFT-HARTLY ACT OF 1947

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS IS TRUE OF CONGRESSIONAL INCUMBENTS WHO RUN FOR REELECTION? A. INCUMBENT SENATORS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE REELECTED THAN ARE MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE B. INCUMBENTS ARE PROHIBITED BY LAW FROM SPENDING MORE ON THEIR REELECTION CAMPAIGNS THAN THEIR CHALLENGERS C. INCUMBENTS HAVE A GREAT ADVANTAGE OVER CHALLENGERS BECAUSE THEY ARE BETTER KNOWN AND CAN RAISE CAMPAIGN FUNDS MORE EASILY D. EVER SINCE THE 1994 ELECTION, THE MAJORITY OF CONGRESSIONAL INCUMBENTS HAVE FAILED IN THEIR REELECTION ATTEMPTS E. MOST INCUMBENTS WHO RUN FOR REELECTION ARE UNOPPOSED IN THE GENERAL ELECTION

THE SPOILS SYSTEM OF AWARDING CIVIL SERVICE JOBS WAS REPLACED BY THE MERIT SYSTEM AS A RESULT OF THE A. TRUMAN DOCTRINE B. FAIR ALBOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1961 C. NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL RECOVERY ACT D. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 E. PENDLETON ACT OF 1883

THE BOUNDARY LINES OF CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS MUST BE REDRAWN EVERY TEN YEARS IN ORDER TO A. REFLECT POPULATION SHIFTS INDICATED BY THE NATIONAL CENSUS B. GUARANTEE THE TURNOVER OF THE MAJORITY OF CONGRESSIONAL SEATS C. MAKE SURE THAT EACH STATE’S CONGRESIONAL DELEGATION EXACTLY MIRRORS ITS RESIDENTS’ PARTY AFFILIATIONS D. DETERMINE WHICH PARTY’S LEADER WILL BE NAMED SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE E. INCREASE THE NUMBER OF FEMALE AND MINORITY MEMBERS OF CONGRESS

THE SUPREME COURT HAS USED THE PRACTICE OF SELECTIVE INCORPORATION TO A. LIMIT THE NUMBER OF APPEALS FILED BY DEFENDANTS IN STATE COURTS B. EXTEND VOTING RIGHTS TO RACIAL MINORITIES AND WOMEN C. APPLY MOST BILL OF RIGHTS PROTECTIONS TO STATE LAW D. HASTEN THE INTEGRATION OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS E. PREVENT THE STATES FROM CALLING A CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION

THE PRIMARY GOAL OF THE GRAMM-RUDMAN ACTS OF 1985 AND 1987 WAS TO A. STRENGTHEN THE MILITARY B. INCREASE FUNDING FOR SOCIAL PROGRAMS C. REDUCE THE FEDERAL DEFICIT D. LIMIT THE PRESIDENT’S ABILITY TO CONDUCT FOREIGN POLICY E. ALLOW CITIZENS EASIER ACCESS TO GOVERNMENT RECORDS

THE TERM “IRON TRIANGLE” REFERS TO THE INTERRELATIONSHIP OF THE A. PRESIDENT, CONGRESS, AND THE SUPREME COURT B. ELECTORATE, CONGRESS, AND POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEES’ C. LOCAL, STATE, AND FEDERAL GOVERNMENTS D. STATE DEPARTMENT, THE PENTAGON, AND THE NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL E. FEDERAL BUREAUCRACY, CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES, AND LOBBYISTS

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING MOST ACCURATELY DESCRIBES THE RIGHT OF AMERICAN CITIZENS TO PRIVACY? A. THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY IS DETERMINED ENTIRELY BY THE STATES ON A CASE-BY-CASE BASIS B. THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY IS EXPLICITLY GRANTED IN THE PREAMBLE TO THE CONSTITUTION C. THE SUPREME COURT HAS RULED THAT THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY IS IMPLIED BY THE BILL OF RIGHTS D. COMMON LAW REQUIRES THE GOVERNMENT TO RESPECT CITIZENS’ RIGHT TO PRIVACY E. AMERICANS HAVE NO RIGHT TO PRIVACY, BUT THE GOVERNMENT RARELY VIOLATES INDIVIDUALS’ PRIVACY BECAUSE TO DO SO IS NOT IN THE GOVERNMENT’S INTEREST

THE GOVERNMENT PROMOTES PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT FOR MEMBERS OF GROUPS THAT HAVE HISTORICALLYSUFFERED FROM DISCRIMINATION BY MEANS OF A. THE NEW FEDERALISM B. AFFIRMATIVE ACTION PROGRAMS C. SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS D. BILLS OF ATTAINDER E. GERRYMANDERING

THE EXCLUSIONARY RULE WAS ESTABLISHED TO A. CREATE “SEPARATE BUT EQUAL” FACILITIES TO FACILITATE RACIAL SEGREGATION B. ALLOW PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS TO RESTRICT THEIR MEMBERSHIP C. LIMIT THE GOVERNMENT’S ABILITY TO USE ILLEGALLY OBTAINED EVIDENCE D. DENY CONTROL OF INTERSTATE COMMERCE TO THE STATES E. PROVIDE THE PRESIDENT WITH GREATER INDEPENDENCE IN NEGOTIATING FOREIGN POLICY

JUDICIAL REVIEW WAS FIRST RECOGNIZED AS A JUDICIAL POWER BY A. McCULLOCH V. MARYLAND B. MARBURY V. MADISON C. GIBBONS V. OGDEN D. GIDEON V WAINWRIGHT E. MIRANDA V. ARIZONA

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING RIGHTS/LIBERTIES IS NOT SPECIFICALLY MENTIONED IN THE BILL OF RIGHTS? A. FREEDOM OF SPEECH B. THE RIGHT TO BEAR ARMS C. PROTECTION FROM CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT D. RIGHT TO ASSEMBLE PEACEABLY E. RIGHT TO PRIVACY

SINCE THE MOTOR VOTER LEGISLATION WAS PASSED IN 1993 A. VOTER TURNOUT IN NATIONAL ELECTIONS HAS NEITHER INCREASED NOR DECREASED SIGNIFICANTLY B. VOTER TURNOUT IN NATIONAL ELECTIONS HAS INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY C. VOTER TURNOUT IN STATE AND LOCAL ELECTIONS HAS INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY, BUT TURNOUT IN NATIONAL ELECTIONS HAS ACTUALLY DECREASED D. VOTER TURNOUT IN NATIONAL ELECTIONS HAS DE CREASED SIGNIFICANTLY E. VOTER TURNOUT IN NATIONAL ELECTIONS HAS INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY IN THE NORTHEAST, BUT HAS DECREASED SLIGHTLY IN THE REST OF THE COUNTRY

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS ALWAYS A COURT OF ORIGINAL JURISDICTION? A. U.S. SUPREME COURT B. U.S. DISTRICT COURT C. U.S. COURT OF APPEALS D. STATE SUPREME COURTS E. LEGISLATIVE COURTS

WHEN DOES REDISTRICTING OF CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OCCUR? A. AFTER EACH NATIONAL ELECTION B. WHEN THE PRESIDENT ORDERS IT C. EVERY TEN YEARS AFTER THE CENSUS IS TAKEN D. WHENEVER A STATE BELIEVES IT TO BE NECESSARY E. WHEN BOTH HOUSES OF CONGRESS VOTE ON IT

THE WAR POWERS ACT OF 1973 WAS INTENDED TO A. LIMIT THE ABILITY OF CONGRESS TO RESTRICT THE PRESIDENT’S MILITARY POWERS B. ENHANCE THE POWERS OF INDIVIDUAL MILITARY LEADERS IN DETERMINING THEIR OWN WAR TACTICS C. GIVE THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES A BIGGER ROLE IN DETERMINING MILITARY POLICIES D. REBALANCE AND EQUALIZE POWERS AMONG THE MILITARY BRANCHES – ARMY, NAVY, AIR FORCE, MARINES, AND COAST GUARD E. LIMIT THE PRESIDENT’S POWER AS COMMANDER- IN-CHIEF

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING COURT DECISIONS WAS BASED ON THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY? A. GIDEON V. WAINWRIGHT B. SCHENCK V. THE UNITED STATES C. BAKKE V. CALIFORNIA D. ROE V. WADE E. ENGLE V. VITALE

WHAT SIGNIFICANT POLITICAL CHANGE MANIFESTS ITSELF IN A CRITICAL ELECTION? A. GROUPS OF VOTERS CHANGE THEIR PARTY LOYALTIES AND BEGIN VOTING FOR THE OTHER PARTY B. A PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT ARE EECTED FROM THE OPPOSITE PARTY TO THAT OF THE INCUMBENTS C. MORE THAN 5O% OF THE ELIGIBLE ELECTORATE ACTUALLY VOTE D. THE SAME PARTY THAT WINS THE WHITE HOUSE ALSO WINS BOTH HOUSES OF CONGRESS E. ONE PARTY SWEEPS THE NATIONAL CONGRESS AS WELL AS MOST STATE LEGISLATURES

SOFT MONEY IS BEST DEFINED AS A. CONTRIBUTIONS TO POLITICAL PARTIES FOR “PARTY BUILDING ACTIVITIES” B. FUNDS RAISED BY THIRD PARTY CANDIDATES THAT QUALIFY THEM FOR FEDERAL MATCHING MONEY C. CONTRIBUTIONS TO A PARTY’S CANDIDATE BY PEOPLE WHO TRADITIONALLY SUPPORT THE OTHER PARTY D. FUNDS RAISED FOR INDIVIDUAL CANDIDATES’ CAMPAIGNS THAT THE PARTIES CANNOT ACCESS E. CONTIBUTIONS TO A CANDIDATE THAT PARTY OFFICIALS KNOW HAS VIRTUALLY NO CHANCE OF WINNING

THE POWER OF EXECUTIVE PRIVILEGE A. IS SPECIFICALLY GRANTED TO THE PRESIDENT BY THE CONSTITUTION B. HAS BEEN LIMITED BY THE SUPREME COURT C. WAS DECLARED UNCONSTITUTIONAL BY THE SUPREME COURT IN 1974 D. IS CLAIMED BY THE PRESIDENT, VICE-PRESIDENT, CABINET MEMBERS, AND MANY HEADS OF AGENCIES IN THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH E. HAS ONLY BEEN CLAIMED BY PRESIDENTS OVER THE PAST 30 YEARS OR SO.

THE PROCESS BY WHICH POLITICAL VALUES ARE PASSED FROM ONE GENERATION TO THE NEXT IS CALLED A. LEGITIMIZATION OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM B. POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION C. POLITICAL RECRUITMENT D. CITIZEN PARTICIPATION E. DIFFUSION

WHAT IS THE JUDICIAL IMPORTANCE OF STARE DECISIS? A. IT ENCOURAGES JUDGES TO OVERTURN PREVIOUS DECISIONS IF THEY BELIEVE THEM TO BE INADEQUATE OR WRONG B. IT GOVERNS THE PROCESS THE SUPREME COURT JUSTICES USE IN SELECTING CASES THAT THEY WANT TO CONSIDER C. IT HELPS JUDGES TO IMPLEMENT THEIR DECISIONS, ESPECIALLY ON POLITICAL QUESTIONS D. IT SETS THE PRINCIPLE THAT PRESIDENTS USE IN ORDER TO DECIDE WHICH OF THE NINE SUPREME COURT JUSTICES WILL BECOME THE CHIEF JUSTICE E. IT ESTABLISHED THE PRACTICE OF BASING LEGAL DECISIONS ON SUPREME COURT PRECEDENTS FROM PREVIOUS SIMILAR CASES

THE THREE-FIFTHS COMPROMISE AT THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION ESTABLISHED WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PRINCIPLES? A. IN ORDER TO DETERMINE REPRESENTATION AND TAXATION, EACH STATE WAS TO COUNT THREE-FIFTHS OF ALL ITS SLAVES B. THE SIZE OF THE SENATE WAS TO BE KEPT IN A THREE-FIFTHS PROPORTION TO THE SIZE OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. C. THREE-FIFTHS OF BOTH HOUSES OF CONGRESS WERE NECESSARY IN ORDER TO PROPOSE AN AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION. D. MINIMUM PROPERTY REQUIREMENTS FOR VOTING WERE SET AT THREE-FIFTHS OF AN ACRE OF LAND. E. THREE-FIFTHS OF THE PRESIDENT’S APPOINTEES IN THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH WERE TO COME FROM THE CIVIL SERVICE

IN COMPARISON TO MEN, WOMEN VOTERS TODAY ARE A. MORE LIKELY TO VOTE IN LOCAL, STATE, AND NATIONAL ELECTIONS. B. MORE LIKELY TO VOTE DEMOCRATIC. C. LESS LIKELY TO SUPPORT ETHNIC MINORITIES FOR PUBLIC OFFICE. D. MORE LIKELY TO VOTE IN LOCAL ELECTIONS, BUT LESS LIKELY TO VOTE IN STATE AND NATIONAL ELECTIONS. E. LESS LIKELY TO STRONGLY AFFILIATE WITH A POLITICAL PARTY.

“YOU SCRATCH MY BACK, I’LL SCRATCH YOURS” MOST ACCURATELY DESCRIBES THE CONGRESSIONAL PRACTICE OF A. LOGROLLING B. GRIDLOCKING C. FILIBUSTERING D. FRANKING E. CENSURING

THE THEORY THAT “SUB-GOVERNMENTS” MAKE POLICY THROUGH MUTUALLY ADVANTAGEOUS RELATIONSHIPS AMONG CONGRESSIONAL SUBCOMMITTEES, INTERST GROUPS, AND GOVERNMENT AGENCIES IS CALLED A. SENATORIAL COURTESY B. GERRYMANDERING C. THE EQUAL TIME DOCTRINE D. THE IRON TRIANGLE E. EXTRADITION

IN INTERPRETING THE EQUAL PROTECTION CLAUSE OF THE 14TH AMENDMENT, THE SURPREME COURT HAS APPLIED THE “REASONABLENESS STANDARD” MOST FREQUENTLY TO WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING GROUPS? A. AFRICAN AMERICANS B. WOMEN C. THE DISABLED D. LATINOS E. NATIVE AMERICANS

“CONGRESS SHALL MAKE NO LAW RESPECTING AN ESTABLISHMENT OF RELIGION, OR PROHIBITING THE FREE EXERCISE THEREOF…” THE QUOTE IS EXCERPTED FROM A. THE FEDERALIST PAPERS B. THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE C. ARTICLE I, SECTION 8 OF THE CONSTITUTION D. THE 1st AMENDMENT E. THE 14th AMENDMENT

“SENATORIAL COURTESY” IS AN INFORMAL RULE THAT APPLIES TO A. RELATIONSHIP BETTEN SENATORS FROM OPPOSITE POLITICAL PARTIES B. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SENATORS AND REPRESENTATIVES C. THE TREATMENT OF THE PRESIDENT WHEN HE DELIVERS HIS STATE OF THE UNION MESSAGE TO THE SENANTE D. FAVOR THAT CONSTITUENTS GRANT TO THEIR SENATORS E. A PRESIDENT’S JUDICIAL NOMINATIONS

THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT USUALLY SPENDS THE LARGEST PORTION OF ITS REVENUE ON A. DIRECT BENEFIT PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIVUALS B. GRANTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVENMERNTS C. INTEREST PAYMENTS ON THE NATIONAL DEBT D. NATIONAL DEFENSE E. OPERATING COSTS FOR THE FEDERAL BUREAUCRACY

WHEN A PRESIDENT REFUSES TO SPEND MONEY THAT CONGRESS HAS APPROPIATED, HIS LACK OF ACTION IS REFERRED TO AS A. EXECUTIVE PRIVILEGE B. OVERSIGHT C. WINNER-TAKE-ALL D. EXTRADITION E. IMPOUNDMENT

MADE DISCRIMINATION IN PUBLIC PLACES ILLEGAL AND PROTECTED EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR EMPLOYMENT, REGARDLESS OF RACE, RELIGION, COLOR, OR NATIONAL ORIGIN. A. DISCRIMINATION AND EMPLOYMENT ACT OF 1954 B. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957 C. CIVIL RIHTS ACT OF 1964 D. WAGNER ACT F 1935 E. THE FAIR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ORGANIZATIONS/GROUPS SPONSORS THE LARGEST NUMBER OF LOBBYISTS IN WASHINGTON? A. LABOR UNIONS B. EQUALITY GROUPS WITH LARGE MEMBERSHIPS C. ENVIORNMENTAL GROUPS D. BUSINESS CORPORATIONS E. PUBLIC INTEREST GROUPS, SUCH AS CONSUMER ADVOCATES

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS MOST LIKELY TO INFLUENCE A VOTER’S CHOICE IN A PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION? A. THE DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN NOMINEES’ ACCEPTANCE SPEECHES AT THEIR PARTY CONVENTION B. THE AMOUNT OF SOFT MONEY THAT THE PARTIES ARE ABLE TO RAISE C. THE VOTER’SLEVEL OF SATISFACTION WITH THE PERFORMANCE OF THE INCUMBENT PRESIDENT D. THE VOTER’S POLITICAL PARTY IDENTIFICATION E. THE PROPOSAL OF THE CANDIDATES FOR NEW ECONOMIC POLICIES

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS IS THE BEST PREDICTOR OF THE POSSIBILITY THAT A CITIZEN WILL ACTUALLY VOTE IN A POPULAR ELECTION? A. LEVEL OF EDUCATION B. GENDER C. ETHNICITY D. REGION OF RESIDENCE E. AREA FO RESIDENCE (RURAL V. URBAN)

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ARE EXAMPLES OF LINKAGE INSTITUTIONS? I. POLITICAL PARTIES II. INTEREST GROUPS III. THE MEDIA IV. THE SUPREME COURT A. I AND II B. II AND III C. I, II, AND III D. IV E. I, II, III, IV

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DOCUMENTS DIRECTS AN OFFICIAL TO BRING A PRISONER TO COURT AND GIVE REASON WHY HE IS BEING HELD? A. AN EX POST FACTO LAW B. A WRIT OF HABEUS CORPUS C. A BILL OF ATTAINDER D. AMICUS CURIAE BRIEF E. A WRIT OF CERTIORARI

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CHIEF JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT IS BEST KNOWN FOR LEADING A COURT THAT WAS CHARACTERIZED BY BOTH LIBERALISM AND ACTIVISM? A. JOHN MARSHALL B. ROGER B. TANEY C. EARL WARREN D. WARREN BURGER E. WILLIAM REHNQUIST

WHAT POLITICAL PRACTICE WAS THE PENDLETON ACT OF 1883 MEANT TO CURTAIL? A. PATRONAGE B. GERRYMANDERING C. MALAPPORTIONMENT D. COATTAILING E. FILIBUSTERING

THE “DEVOLUTION REVOLUTION” IS A REFERENCE TO A RECENT TREND TOWARD A. STATES RELYING ON THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT TO FINANCE THEIR MOST IMPORTANT PROJECTS B. THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT RETURNING RESPONSIBILITY FOR MANY FUNCTIONS TO THE STATES C. SENATE AND HOUSE COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN DELEGATING MORE WORK TO THE SUBCOMMITTEES D. FEDERAL COURTS REFUSING TO TAKE ALMOST NO CASES FROM STATE COURTS E. STATE GOVERNORS ALLOWING LOCAL OFFICIALS TO CONDUCT STATEWIDE ELECTIONS

THE “REVOLVING DOOR” REFERS TO THE POLITICAL PRACTICE OF A. MOVING TO A GOVERNMENT JOB TO ONE WITH AN INTEREST GROUP B. SUPPORTING JUDICIAL CANDIDATES FROM ONE’S HOME STATE OVER OTHERS C. CHANGING PARTY ALLEGIANCES IN ORDER TO GAIN POWER IN CONGRESS D. MOVING FROM STATE-LEVEL GOVERNMENT POSITIONS TO THOSE ON A NATIONAL LEVEL. E. RUNNING FOR PUBLIC OFFICE IN MORE THAN ONE STATE

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PRESIDNTIAL POWERS HAS THE FEWEST RESTRICTIONS PLACED ON IT BY CONGRESS AND/OR THE COURTS? A. PARDONS B. LINE-ITEM VETOES C. EXECUTIVE PRIVILEGE D. IMPOUNDMENT E. TROOP DEPLOYMENT TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES

THE SENIORITY RULE GOVERNS A. WHICH MEMBERS OF CONGRESS EACH PARTY ENCOURAGES TO RETIRE AND NOT SEEK PUBLIC OFFICE AGAIN B. THE ORDER OF SEATING AT THE PRESIDENT’S CABINET MEETINGS C. WHICH CANDIDATES ARE SELECTED FOR CIVIL SERVICE JOBS D. THE SELECTION OF A VICE-PRESIDENTIAL RUNNING MATE FOR A PARTY’S PRESIDENTIAL NOMINEE E. WHO BECOMES CHAIR OF A COMMITTEE OR SUBCOMMITTEE WHEN THE POSITION IS VACANT OR WHEN THE MAJORITY PARTY CHANGES

ACCORDING TO THE 1993 REVISIONS OF THE HATCH ACT, FEDERAL EMPLOYEES MAY PARTICIPATE IN POLITIC IN ALL OF THE FOLLOWING WAYS EXCEPT A. THEY MAY HOLD POSITIONS OF RESPONSIBILITY WITHIN A POLITICAL PARTY B. THEY MAY RAISE FUNDS FOR A PARTIES AS LONG AS THEY ARE NOT ON GOVERNMENT PROPERTY C. THE MAY RUN AS CANDIDATES FOR PUBLIC OFFICE D. THEY MAY CAMPAIGN FOR CANDIDATES FOR PUBLIC OFFICE E. THEY MAY SERVE AS DELEGATES TO A PARTY CONVENTION

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE MOST IMPORTANT SINGLE REASON THAT THE UNITED STATES HAS ALWAYS HAD A TWO-PARTY SYSTEM? A. WINNER-TAKE-ALL ELECTIONS B. PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION C. THE EXISTENCE OF A CONSENSUAL POLITICAL CULTURE D. STRONG PARTY LOYALTY AMONG DEMOCRATS AND REPUBLICANS E. WEAK WILL POWER OF MOST THIRD PARTY CHALLENGERS

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING TYPES OF ELECTIONS IS MEANT TO ELIMINATE CROSS-OVER VOTING BETWEEN POLITICAL PARTIES? A. A GENERAL ELECTION B. A RUNOFF PRIMARY C. AN OPEN PRIMARY D. A CLOSED PRIMARY E. A BLANKET PRIMARY

“TO MAKE ALL LAWS WHICH SHALL BE NECESSARY AND PROPER FOR CARRYING INTO EXECUTION THE FOREGOING POWERS, AND ALL OTHER POWERS VESTED BY THE CONSTITUTION IN THE GOVERNEMNT OF THE UNITED STATES…” THE QUOTE IS FOUND IN THE A. CONSTITUTION, ARTICLE I B. BILL OF RIGHTS C. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCEE D. THE FEDERALIST PAPERS E. FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT

DIVIDED GOVERNMENT HAS CHARACTERIZED AMERICAN GOVERNMENT A. SINCE ITS BEGINNINGS B. ONLY DURING THE 19TH CENTURY C. PRIMARY DURING TIMES OF WAR AND ECONOMIC DEPRESSION D. DURING MOST OF THE 20TH CENTURY E. SINCE THE LATE 1960S

WHAT PROCEDURE MAY BE FOLLOWED IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN ORDER TO FORCE A BILL OUT OF COMMITTEE FOR FLOOR ACTION? A. THE RULES COMMITTEE MAY ORDER THE BILL OUT OF COMMITTEE. B. THE SPEAKER MAY BRING A BILL OUT OF COMMITTEE IN THE HOUSE C. A DISCHARGE PETITION SIGNED BY 218 MEMBERS IS NECESSARY TO BRING THE BILL TO THE FLOOR. D. BOTH THE COMMITTEE AND SUBCOMMITTEE CHAIRMEN MUST AGREE BEFORE A MEMBER MAY MOVE TO BRING A BILL TO THE FLOOR E. THE BILL’S SPONSER MAY PROPOSE IT BEFORE THE FULL HOUSE, AND IF THE SPEAKER AGREES, THE BILL WILL BE BROUGHT TO FLOOR.

WHAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT FUNCTION OF A WRIT OF CERTIORARI? A. IT REQUIRES OFFICIALS TO BRING A PRISONER BEFORE THE JUDGE IN A PROMPT FASHION. B. IT SERVES AS A COMMAND TO A MEMBER OF THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH OR A LEGISLATOR TO OBEY A DECISION OF A FEDERAL COURT. C. IT PROVIDES ARGUMENTS BEYOND THE IMMEDIATE PARTIES THAT SUPPORT ONE SIDE OR THE OTHER IN A CASE BEFORE THE SUPREME COURT. D. IT SERVES AS A FORMAL ORDER TO BRING A CASE UP FROM A LOWER COURT TO THE SUPREME COURT. E. IT IMPOSES REQUIREMENTS ON STATES AS CONDITIONS FOR RECEIPT OF FEDERAL FUNDS

ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ARE FEDERAL REGULATORY AGENCIES EXCEPT A. FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION B. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION C. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION D. BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, AND FIREARMS E. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING RIGHTS WERE PROTECTED IN THE ORIGINAL CONSTITUTION, BEFORE THE ADDITION OF THE BILL OF RIGHTS? I. GUARANTEE OF THE WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS II. PROTECTION FROM EX POST FACTO LAWS III. PROTECTION FROM BILLS OF ATTAINDER IV. FREEDOM OF SPEECH A. I ONLY B. I AND II ONLY C. I, II, AND III D. I AND IV ONLY E. IV ONLY

THE CONGRESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY TO QUESTION EXECUTIVE BRANCH OFFICIALS TO SEE WHETHER THEIR AGENCIES ARE COMPLYING WITH THE WISHES OF CONGRESS IS CALLED A. THE OVERSIGHT FUNCTION B. SENIORITY RULE C. THE FRANKING PRIVILEGE D. SENATORIAL COURTESY E. POWER TO OVERRIDE

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING TYPES OF PRESIDENTIAL APPOINTMENTS IS MOST LIKELY TO HAVE A LONG REACHING EFFECT ON POLICYMAKING AFTER THE PRESIDENT’S LAST TERM OF OFFICE IS COMPLETED? A. CABINET MEMBERS B. VICE-PRESIDENT C. INDEPENDENT AGENCY HEADS D. FEDERAL JUDGES E. AMBASSADORS

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS GENERALLY CONSIDERED TO BE AN ABUSE OF AN INDIVIDUAL’S FREEDOM FROM UNREASONABLE SEARCHES AND SEIZURES? A. AN ARREST OF A PERSON IN A PUBLIC PLACE, PROVIDED THE POLICE HAVE PROBABLE CAUSE B. A WARRANTLESS ARREST OF A INDIVIDUAL IN HIS/HER OWN HOME C. A POLICE SEARCH OF A BUS PASSENGER’S LUGGAGE, WITH THE CONSENT OF THE PASSENGER D. A WARRANTLESS POLICE SEARCH OF AN AUTOMOBILE SUSPECTED OF BEING USED IN A CRIME E. A LIMITED SEARCH THAT POLICE BELIEVE IS NECESSARY AT THE MOMENT TO PRESERVE EASILY DISPOSED OF EVIDENCE

UNDER WHICH CIRCUMSTANCES MAY A BILL BECOME LAW WITHOUT THE PRESIDENT’S SIGNATURE? I. IF THE PRESIDENT DOES NOT VETO A BILL WITHIN TEN DAYS OF ITS PRESENTATION TO HIM DURING A REGULAR SESSION OF CONGRESS II. IF CONGRESS HAS ADJOURNED AND THE PRESIDENT WAITS TEN DAYS WITHOUT VETOING THE BILL III. IF CONGRESS OVERRIDES A VETO WITH A TWO- THIRDS VOTE IN EACH HOUSE A. I ONLY B. I AND III ONLY C. I, II, AND III ONLY D. I AND II ONLY E. III ONLY

ACCORDING TO THE 25TH AMENDMENT, WHAT HAPPENDS IF THE VICE-PRESIDENT’S OFFICE IS VACATED DURING A PRESIDENT’S TERM OF OFFICE ? A. THE SPEAKEAR OF THE HOUSE BECOMES THE VICE-PRESIDENT B. THE PRESINDENT PRO TEMPORE OF THE BECOMES VICE-PRESIDENT C. THE SECRETARY OF STATE BECOMES VICE- PRESIDENT D. THE PRESIDENT APPOINTS A VICE-PRESIDENT WITH CONFIRMATION BY A MAJORITY OF BOTH HOUSES OF CONGRESS E. THE OFFICE REMAINS VACANT UNTIL THE NEXT PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION, WHEN THE PRESIDENT NAMES A NEW VICE-PRESIDENT CANDIDATE

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE MOST IMPORTANT ELEMENT IN A COURT’S RECOGNITION OF AN INDIVIDUAL’S ‘STANDING’ TO SUE? A. THE INDIVIDUAL MUST HAVE A SINCERE INTEREST IN THE ISSUE UNDER THE CONSIDERSATION B. THE INDIVIDUAL MUST HAVE A STRONG ARGUMENT THAT A LAW IS UNCONSTITUTIONAL C. THE INDIVIDUAL MUST HAVE SUSTAINED OR BE IN IMMEDIATE DANGER OF SUSTAINING A DIRECT INJURY D. THE INDIVIDUAL MUST SHOW THAT HE/SHE IS A PROPER REPRESENTATIVE FOR THE CLASS OF THE PEOPLE THAT HAS BEEN INJURED E. THE INDIVIDUAL MUST EITHER BE PRESONALLY AFFECTED OR HAVE A RELATIVE OR CLOSE FRIEND NEGATIVELY AFFECTED BY THE ISSUE IN CONSIDERATION

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING POLITICAL PARTIES IS MOST CLOSELY FORMED AROUND AN IDEOLOGY THAT VALUES INDIVIDUAL LIBERTY AND INSISTS ON A SHARPLY LIMITED GOVERNMENT A. THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY B. THE REPUBLICAN PARTY C. THE GREEN PARTY D. THE REFORM PARTY E. THE LIBERTARIAN PARTY

WHAT IS THE MAIN PURPOSE OF A FILIBUSTER IN THE SENATE A. TO FORCE A COMMITTEE TO RELEASE A BILL TO THE SENATE FLOOR B. TO SEND A MESSAGE TO THE PRESIDENT THAT THE SENATE WILL NOT TOLERATE A VETO TO A PARTICULAR BILL C. TO DELAY OR PREVENT A VOTE ON A BILL D. TO PROMOTE THE SENATE VERSION OF A MAJOR BILL OVER THE VERSION PRESENTED BY THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES E. TO HELP DEFEND THE REASONS WHY THE SENATE REFUSES TO SUPPORT A PARTICULAR BILL

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS OF MEDIA HAS THE SUPREME COURT BARRED, EXCEPT IN EXTREME CASES OF NATIONAL SECURITY? A. FORCED DIVULGENCE OF NAMES OF SOURCES FOR MEDIA STORIES B. RESTRICTED ACCESS TO COURTROOMS AND OTHER GOVERNEMENT OUTLETS C. REQUIREMENTS TO DEVOTE A CERTAIN PERCENTAGE OF BROADCAST TIME TO PUBLIC SERVICE INFORMATION D. PRIOR RESTRAINT E. THE EQUAL TIME DOCTRINE

THE PROCESS OF DIVIDING VOTING DISTRICTS TO GIVE AN UNFAIR ADVANTAGE TO ONE CANDIDATE OR PARTY IS KNOWN AS A. PORKBARREL POLITICS B. LOGROLLING C. CLOTURE D. GERRYMANDERING E. ELECTIONEERING

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ACCOMPANY EVERY DECISION THAT THE SUPREME COURT MAKES? I. MAJORITY OPINION II. DISSENTING OPINION III. CONCURRING OPINION A. I ONLY B. I AND II ONLY C. I AND III ONLY D. II AND III ONLY E. I, II, AND III

THE INFORMAL RULE OF JUDICIAL POLICY MAKING THAT COURT CASES SHOULD BE SETTLED IN ACCORDANCE WITH EARLIER DECISIONS ON SIMULAR CASES IS KNOWN AS A. CERTIORARI B. STARE DECISIS C. JUDICIAL ACTIVISM D. THE “RULE OF FOUR” E. THE LITMUS TEST

WHAT DO THE ELECTIONS OF 1824, 1875, 1888, AND 2000 ALL HAVE IN COMMON? A. THE DEMOCRATS DEFEATED THE REPUBLICANS B. THE REPUBLICANS DEFEATED THE DEMOCRATS C. ALL WERE CHARACTERIZED BY WIDESPREAD FRAUD D. IN ALL FOUR CASES, THE EASTERN PART OF THE COUNTRY SQUARED OFF AGAINST THE WESTERN PART E. THE CANDIDATE WHO WON THE POPULAR VOTE DID NOT WIN THE ELECTORAL VOTE.

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING LAWS IS INTENDED TO RESTRICT POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF FEDERAL BUREAUCRATS? A. PENDLETON ACT B. TAFT-HARTLEY ACT C. HATCH ACT D. INTERSTATE COMMERCE ACT E. SOCIAL SECURITY ACT

WHAT PORTION OF THE FEDERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGN ACT DID THE SUPREME COURT DECLARE UNCONSTITUTIONAL IN BUCKLEY V. VALEO? A. PUBLIC FINANCING FOR PRESIDENTIAL PRIMARIES B. THE AMOUNT INDIVIDUALS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THEIR OWN CAMPAIGNS C. DISCLOSURE OF CAMPAIGN EXPENDITURES FOR ALL CANDIDATES FOR FEDERAL OFFICE D. LIMITATIONS ON OVERALL CONTRIBUTIONS TO A PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN E. LIMITATIONS THAT AN INDIVIDUAL MAY CONTRIBUTE TO EACH CANDIDATE FOR FEDERAL OFFICE

WHICH FAMOUS SUPREME COURT CASE ADDRESSED THE ISSUE OF REVERSE DISCRIMINATION? A. BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION B. TINKER V. DES MOINES C. HARRIS V. FORKLIFT SYSTEMS D. KOREMATSU V. UNITED STATES E. REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA V. BAKKE

ALL OF THE FOLLOWING INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS ARE EXPLICITLY GUARANTEED IN THE BILL OF RIGHTS EXCEPT A. FREE SPEECH B. PRIVACY C. FREEDOM OF RELIGION D. PROTECTION FROM SEARCH AND SEIZURE E. A SPEEDY AND PUBLIC TRIAL

WHICH GROUP THAT FORMED THE NEW DEAL COALITION BEGAN TO FALL AWAY FROM SOLID SUPPORT OF THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY DURING THE 1950s AND 60s? A. URBAN DWELLERS B. LABOR UNIONS C. JEWS D. WHITE SOUTHERNERS E. AFRICAN AMERICANS

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING GAINED THE RIGHT TO VOTE FIRST? A. 18-21 YEAR OLDS B. WOMEN C. AFRICAN AMERICANS D. NON-CITIZENS E. NON-PROPERTIED MALES

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING BEST EXPLAINS THE PROCESS BY WHICH A PRESIDENT MAY BE REMOVED FROM OFFICE? A. THE CABINET IMPEACHES THE OFFICIAL, AND THE SUPREME COURT CONVICTS B. THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IMPEACHES THE OFFICIAL AND THE SENATE CONVICTS C. THE SENATE IMPEACHES THE OFFICIAL, AND THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES CONVICTS D. THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IMPEACHES THE OFFICIAL, AND THE SUPREME COURT CONVICTS E. 2/3 OF BOTH HOUSES IMPEACH THE OFFICIAL, AND ¾ OF THE STATE LEGISLATURES MUST RATIFY

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE BEST PREDICTOR OF HOW A MEMBER OF CONGRESS WILL VOTE ON A PROPOSED BILL? A. LENGTH OF TIME IN OFFICE B. REGION REPRESENTED C. NUMBER OF CALLS/LETTERS FROM CONSTITUENTS ON THE ISSUE D. POLITICAL PARTY MEMBERSHIP E. THE FLOOR DEBATE ON THE BILL

IMPLIED POWERS OF CONGRESS EMANATE PRIMARILY FROM A. FEDERALIST PAPERS B. THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE C. THE DUE PROCESS CLAUSE OF THE 5th AMENDMENT D. THE FULL FAITH AND CREDIT CLAUSE OF THE CONSTITUTION E. THE “NECESSARY AND PROPER” CLAUSE OF THE CONSTITUTION

COURT DECISIONS ON SCHOOL PRAYER ARE USUALLY GROUNDED IN THE A. ELASTIC CLAUSE B. FULL-FAITH-AND-CREDIT CLAUSE C. ESTABLISHMENT CLAUSE D. FREE EXERCISE CLAUSE E. DUE PROCESS CLAUSE

WHICH GOVERNMENT AGENCY IS DIRECTLY RESPONSIBLE FOR HIRING MOST FEDERAL EMPLOYEES? A. THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE B. THE OFF

WHICH GOVERNMENT AGENCY IS DIRECTLY RESPONSIBLE FOR HIRING MOST FEDERAL EMPLOYEES? A. THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE B. THE OFF

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