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Settling the North

Settling the North. New England. Massachusetts Rhode Island New Hampshire Connecticut. Pilgrims , Separatists , Puritans. Plymouth Rock. Puritan New England. King Henry VIII had brought the Reformation to England

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Settling the North

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  1. Settling the North

  2. New England Massachusetts Rhode Island New Hampshire Connecticut

  3. Pilgrims , Separatists , Puritans Plymouth Rock

  4. Puritan New England King Henry VIII had brought the Reformation to England He made Anglican the Church of England, but Catholic ritual and tradition lingered Puritans were Protestants who wanted to be free of all Catholicism

  5. Puritan New England • Separatists, or pilgrims, were a group of Puritans that met secretly against the will of King James • They fled to America seeking religious freedom • 1620 – pilgrims landed on Plymouth Rock • Founded 2nd permanent English colony in America (Massachusetts)

  6. A Mayflower Story John Howland fell overboard during a violent storm… Married Elizabeth Tilley 10 children, 82 grandchildren 3 Presidents: FDR, GHWB, GWB Other descendents: Humphrey Bogart and Alec Baldwin

  7. Beer & the Mayflower The Mayflower was headed for Virginia when it was blown off course by this storm… Instead of heading south to find a better location, the Pilgrims pulled ashore at Plymouth Rock… why? “We could not take time for further search and or consideration, our victuals being much spent, especially our beere.” (journal)

  8. Puritan New England • John Winthrop • First governor • Gave “City on a Hill” speech, meaning the Puritan community was a light for everyone to see (an example) • Puritans thought of themselves as “God’s Elect”

  9. Massachusetts Bay Colony • 1630 – 1640: Great Migration (20,000 Englishmen and women to Massachusetts) • Very strict social and family structure • Church was the center of all communities, all lives • Everyone worked hard to support the colony • Did not have a need for slaves • Families crossed ocean to come to Massachusetts; usually single people crossed ocean to Virginia

  10. Massachusetts Bay Colony • Church leaders were the heads of Mass. Communities, working closely with elected officials to regulate aspects of life • Puritans were intolerant of differing religious views (ironic???) • Stressed education and literacy as everyone had to be able to read the Bible • This strong work ethic will lead to the growth of New England as a strong industrial area

  11. Massachusetts Bay Colony Northern women led very similar lives to southern women – few political and legal rights, but large responsibility in running the household, taking care of children, and being proper in society

  12. Mayflower Compact First democratic document in the New World Pledged to work together to make decisions for their new settlement

  13. Rhode Island Founded after Massachusetts as a “haven for heretics” Where Puritans sent people they considered religious dissenters (aka anyone who didn’t completely agree with their rules)

  14. Rhode Island • Two people they cast out of Puritan society were… • Roger Williams • Anne Hutchinson

  15. Roger Williams… • extreme Separatist who expressed two controversial views (according to Puritans): • English settlers had no right to land unless they purchased it from the Natives • Every person should be free to worship according to their own conscience

  16. Anne Hutchinson… charged with violating the laws of family, church, and state because she was a free thinker led religious discussions statue stands today in Boston, Mass.

  17. King Philip’s War

  18. King Philip’s War • Tension existed between the Natives and the Puritans from the beginning • Colonist' hunger for land and their heavy-handed treatment of Natives led to one of the most disastrous wars in American history • The mysterious murder of John Sassamon, a Native liaison between the two groups, resulted in a complete breakdown in relations. • In 1675, the war, named for the Wampanoag leader Metacom (or King Philip), broke out in the town of Swansea.  Hostilities spread north and west, soon threatening much of New England.

  19. King Philip’s War • Natives were successful throughout the new colonies, raiding homes, burning villages, etc. • However, after one year, Native forces, lacking food, manpower and arms, retreated.  • Not all Native Peoples sided with King Philip.  Native soldiers joining with the colonists helped turned the tide of war.  • Those Natives who fought alongside the English or remained neutral were, however, not always trusted by the English.  Many Native neutrals were interned on outlying islands under inhumane conditions. • The war ended in 1676 when Philip was killed by a Wampanoag soldier in Captain Benjamin Church's force.

  20. King Philip’s War • King Philip’s War resulted in the destruction of families and communities, Native and colonist alike, throughout New England.  It took decades for the colonists to recover from the loss of life, the property damage and the huge military expenditures. • The war was devastating for Native Peoples.  Entire families were sold into slavery abroad; others were forced to become servants locally. • The Wampanoag had to adapt aspects of their culture to survive; their political independence ended. • Nevertheless, Native Peoples continued to live in Plymouth Colony.  Many maintained tribal ties and a strong sense of community.

  21. Thanksgiving??? The first recorded Thanksgiving was actually here in VIRGINIA at Berkeley Plantation In December of 1619, a group of British settlers led by Captain John Woodlief knelt in prayer and pledged "Thanksgiving" to God for their healthy arrival after a long voyage across the Atlantic

  22. Thanksgiving??? In 1621, the Puritans sat down with the Wampanoag Indians and shared an autumn harvest

  23. Thanksgiving??? Foods That May Have Been on the Menu Seafood: Cod, Eel, Clams, Lobster Wild Fowl: Wild Turkey, Goose, Duck, Crane, Swan, Partridge, Eagles Meat: Venison, Seal Grain: Wheat Flour, Indian Corn Vegetables: Pumpkin, Peas, Beans, Onions, Lettuce, Radishes, Carrots Fruit: Plums, Grapes Nuts: Walnuts, Chestnuts, Acorns Herbs and Seasonings: Olive Oil, Liverwort, Leeks, Dried Currants, Parsnips

  24. Thanksgiving??? What Was Not on the Menu Ham: There is no evidence that the colonists had butchered a pig by this time, though they had brought pigs with them from England. Sweet Potatoes/Potatoes: These were not common. Corn on the Cob: Corn was kept dried out at this time of year. Cranberry Sauce: The colonists had cranberries but no sugar at this time. Pumpkin Pie: It's not a recipe that exists at this point, though the pilgrims had recipes for stewed pumpkin. Chicken/Eggs: We know that the colonists brought hens with them from England, but it's unknown how many they had left at this point or whether the hens were still laying. Milk: No cows had been aboard the Mayflower, though it's possible that the colonists used goat milk to make cheese.

  25. Thanksgiving??? This was not declared a holiday until 1863, when President Lincoln did so to help unite the nation during the Civil War Congress finally made Thanksgiving Day an official annual holiday in 1941, in the midst of WWII

  26. New England • water power • grain mills and sawmills. • Timber (shipbuilding) • Excellent harbors promoted trade • fishing Poor soil Mountainous Cold weather

  27. New England • Most people lived in town (traders, shipping, fishing, etc) • Compactness made possible the village school, the village church and the village or town hall, where citizens met to discuss matters of common interest.

  28. New England Town Meeting

  29. New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware The Middle Colonies

  30. The Middle Colonies Society in the middle colonies was far more varied, cosmopolitan and tolerant than in New England. Incorporated democratic principles and the basic rights of Englishmen

  31. The Middle Colonies Practiced religious freedom and thus became home to many different religious groups – Jews and Huguenots in NY, Quakers in PA, Mennonites and Amish in PA, etc. more flexible social structures and began to develop a middle class of skilled artisans, entrepreneurs (business owners), and small farmers

  32. The Middle Colonies Had good harbors for ship building and trading (New York City, Philadelphia) Development of big cities gave way to banking, commerce, printing, etc. Produced lumber and iron Main crop was wheat

  33. One Sweet Deal… English & Dutch fought over islands in the East Indies (present day Indonesia) Dutch captured an English claim, the Island of Run English tried to get it back by attacking Dutch ships Year later, the nations signed a treaty, and the Dutch kept Run, and gave England Manhattan Island

  34. William Penn

  35. William Penn • credited with founding Pennsylvania and Philadelphia, “the city of brotherly love”’ • His Quaker beliefs influenced the colony, making it known as the most democratic of the colonies • Quakers • Peace • Social justice • Equality • Anyone can have a direct relationship with God

  36. Society of Friends or QUAKERS “The most democratic of the colonies”

  37. Salem Witch Trials Twenty-four innocent victims lost their lives in the Salem witchcraft hysteria. How did the community of Salem let this tragedy happen? Was it simply fear and superstition, or were there other factors at work? The events of 1692 took place during a difficult and confusing period for Salem Village. As part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Salem was under British rule. When the hysteria began, the colony was waiting for a new governor and had no charter to enforce laws. By the time the new governor, William Phips, arrived in Massachusetts, the jails were already filled with alleged witches. To make matters worse, New England towns were under attack by Native Americans and French Canadians.

  38. Salem Witch Trials Salem Village faced daily challenges closer to home as well. Most families had to support themselves, making their own clothes, planting vegetables, raising meat. Farming was often a painstaking task in the harsh climate and rough, rocky terrain—and a drought or flood could ruin a year’s harvest. An epidemic of smallpox could kill a family. In a world where people saw the Devil lurking behind every misfortune, it is little wonder they believed evil spirits were at work. But there may have been stronger factors behind the witch hunts—the Puritan lifestyle, a strong belief in the Devil and witchcraft, the divisions within Salem Village, and the expectations of children.

  39. The Story http://school.discoveryeducation.com/schooladventures/salemwitchtrials/story/

  40. Salem Witch Trials The girls were probably merely enthralled by Tituba’s stories, and in their boring town of Salem, let their imaginations run wild what is more surprising than the accusations from these imaginative young girls is the reaction from the community the girls may have sparked the witch hunt, but it was the adults who set the wheels into motion.

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