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Basics of Electricity

Basics of Electricity. Cosmetology:. Milady’s Standard Cosmetology. “Competition is a by-product of productive work, not its goal. A creative man is motivated by the desire to achieve, not by the desire to beat others.”. Ayn Rand. Electricity. Electric current Conductor. Insulator.

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Basics of Electricity

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  1. Basics of Electricity Cosmetology: Milady’s Standard Cosmetology

  2. “Competition is a by-product of productive work, not its goal. A creative man is motivated by the desire to achieve, not by the desire to beat others.” Ayn Rand

  3. Electricity • Electric current • Conductor

  4. Insulator • Nonconductor – does not easily transmit electricity • Rubber • Silk • Wood • Glass • Cement • Complete circuit

  5. Types of Electric Current • Direct current (DC) • Alternating current (AC) • Converters • Rectifiers

  6. Electrical Measurements • Volt: measures pressure • Ampere: measures strength • Milliampere: 1/1000th of an amp • Ohm: measures resistance • Watt: measures energy used in 1 second • Kilowatt: equals 1000 watts

  7. Safety Devices • Fuse • Circuit breaker

  8. Electrical Equipment Safety • Inspect regularly. • Don’t overload circuits. • Check for UL approval. • Ensure appliances are grounded.

  9. Hints for Safety • Ensure UL certification. • Read instructions. • Disconnect when not in use. • Inspect equipment regularly. • Keep wires, plugs, equipment in good repair. • Use one plug per outlet.

  10. Avoid contact with water or metal. • Don’t leave client. • Keep cords off floor. • Don’t clean area when plugged in. • Don’t touch 2 metallic objects if either is connected to current.

  11. Don’t step on or set objects on cords. • Don’t let cords become twisted or bent. • Pull plug, not cord. • Don’t repair unless qualified. • Don’t force plugs into outlets.

  12. Electrotherapy • Electrotherapy: electronic facial treatments • Wall plate • Modalities • Electrodes

  13. Polarity • Positive pole (anode, red) • Negative pole (cathode, black) • Test one • Test two

  14. Polarity Test One • Separate tips and immerse in saltwater. • Set on galvanic current and turn up intensity. • As water is decomposed, more active bubbles will accumulate at negative pole.

  15. Polarity Test Two • Place conducting cord tips on blue moistened litmus paper. • Paper under positive pole will turn red. • Paper under negative pole will stay blue.

  16. Galvanic Current • Active electrode • Inactive electrode

  17. Positive Pole Results • Acidic reactions • Closes pores • Soothes nerves • Decreases blood supply • Contracts blood vessels • Firms tissues • Pulls acid solutions into skin

  18. Negative Pole Results • Alkaline reactions result • Opens pores • Stimulates nerves • Increases blood supply to skin • Expands blood vessels • Softens tissues • Softens and liquefies grease deposits • Forces alkaline solutions into skin

  19. Iontophoresis • Cataphoresis • Anaphoresis • Desincrustation

  20. High-Frequency Current • Tesla: commonly called violet ray • Benefits • Stimulates blood circulation • Increases glandular activity • Aids in elimination and absorption • Increases metabolism • Improved germicidal action • Relieves congestion

  21. Other Electrical Equipment • Hood dryers or heat lamps • Curling or flat irons • Heating caps • Processing or accelerating machines

  22. Light Therapy • Visible light • Electromagnetic radiation • Wavelength • Long wavelengths • Short wavelengths

  23. Electromagnetic Spectrum • Visible light (35% of natural light) • Ultraviolet and infrared rays • Visible spectrum

  24. Infrared Rays • 60% of natural sunlight • Long wavelengths • Deepest penetration • Produce most heat • Lamps should be 30” from skin • 5-minute exposure time • Check client comfort frequently • Never leave client unattended

  25. Visible Light Rays • White light • Blue light • Red light

  26. Ultraviolet Rays • Ultraviolet Rays – 5% of natural sunlight • Short wavelengths • Penetrate the least • Produce chemical effects • Kill germs

  27. Ultraviolet Disadvantages • Can cause skin cancer • 1,000,000 cases diagnosed annually • 1 in 5 Americans will develop skin cancer • 90% result from UV radiation and tanning beds

  28. Ultraviolet Ray Application • Lamp should be 30” – 36” from skin • 2 – 3 minute exposure initially • Increase to 7 – 8 minutes • Avoid overexposure • Never leave client unattended

  29. Light and Heat Energy – Nail Technology • Catalysts • UV light

  30. Summary and Review • Describe the 2 types of electric current and give examples of each. • List 4 main types of electrical measurements. What do they measure? • List and describe 2 main electric modalities or currents used in cosmetology.

  31. List and describe 2 main types of light therapy. • What is electromagnetic radiation? • Name 2 important precautions to observe when using light therapy.

  32. Congratulations! You’ve just completed one unit of study toward program completion.

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