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Ways to solve discrepancies in Energy label testing for washing machines

Ways to solve discrepancies in Energy label testing for washing machines. Hartmut Kraus, Whirlpool Rainer Stamminger, Electrolux. Ad hoc WG. G.C.H. Bakker CFT D. Fäh EMPA / IEC SC59D/WG 13

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Ways to solve discrepancies in Energy label testing for washing machines

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  1. Ways to solve discrepancies in Energy label testing for washing machines Hartmut Kraus, Whirlpool Rainer Stamminger, Electrolux

  2. Ad hoc WG • G.C.H. Bakker CFT • D. Fäh EMPA / IEC SC59D/WG 13 • T. Hilgers WfK / IEC SC59D/MT15-Uncertainty • H. Kraus Whirlpool / CENELEC TC59X/WG1.1 • U. Sommer BAM / IEC SC59D/MT15 • R. Stamminger Electrolux / CECED

  3. What discrepancies ? Tests following the standard EN 60456 in the same and in different laboratories have shown, that values can differ by more then one energy label class!!! Definitions in the standard are not precise enough!

  4. Machine X X Base load no. A K Total amount of load kg 4,5 4,5 Water consumption during main wash l 17,2 ± 0,6 16,5 ± 1,0 Total water consumption l 67,0 ± 1,4 62,7 ± 3,2 Total energy consumption kWh 1,13 ± 0,05 1,09 ± 0,09 Energy consumption ratio kWh/kg 0,25 0,24 Energy efficiency (E-Label) class C C Carbon black/Oil (EMPA 106) % 42,1 ± 0,9/0,7 38,4 ± 4,1/3,3 Blood (EMPA 111) % 82,9 ± 0,4/0,3 81,2 ± 1,7/1,4 Cacao (Empa 112) % 48,9 ± 2,0/1,6 42,7 ± 5,7/4,6 Red wine (EMPA 114) % 76,6 ± 0,4/0,3 75,0 ± 2,2/1,7 Sum of remission values % 250,4 ± 1,8 237,3 ± 6,1 Remission value Reference machine % 253,0 ± 2,7 253,0 ± 2,7 Washing performance ratio 0,99 0,938 Washing performance class C E Washing performance as function of base load history Testing conditions: same machine, same laboratory, etc. Source: tested at BAM, Bundesanstalt für Materialwirtschaft, Berlin

  5. Washingmachine Washingmachine LogoABC 123 Manufacturer Model LogoABC 123 Manufacturer Model More efficient More efficient Less efficient X.YZ Energy consumption kWh/cycle (based on standard test resultsfor 60 °C cotton cycle) Less efficient X.YZ Energy consumption kWh/cycle (based on standard test resultsfor 60 °C cotton cycle) A BCD E F G Washing performanceA: higher G: lower A Washing performanceA: higher G: lower Spin drying performanceA: higher G: lower Spin speed (rpm) A B CDE F G 1100 B C D E F G Spin drying performanceA: higher G: lower Spin speed (rpm) A B CDE F G 1100 Capacity (cotton) kgWater consumption l y.zyx Capacity (cotton) kgWater consumption l NoiseWashing(dB(A) re 1 pW)Spinning xyxyz y.zyx NoiseWashing(dB(A) re 1 pW)Spinning xyxyz Further information is containedin product brochures Further information is containedin product brochures Norm EN 60456Washing machine label Directive 95/12/EC Norm EN 60456Washing machine label Directive 95/12/EC Same machine, same laboratory, same ...but different treatment of base-load! Two different labels E C

  6. Washing performance as function of soil strips used Testing conditions: same machine, same laboratory, etc. 2 classes Source: Group Brandt

  7. Washingmachine Washingmachine LogoABC 123 Manufacturer Model LogoABC 123 Manufacturer Model More efficient More efficient Less efficient X.YZ Energy consumption kWh/cycle (based on standard test resultsfor 60 °C cotton cycle) Less efficient X.YZ Energy consumption kWh/cycle (based on standard test resultsfor 60 °C cotton cycle) A BCD E F G Washing performanceA: higher G: lower A Washing performanceA: higher G: lower Spin drying performanceA: higher G: lower Spin speed (rpm) A B CDE F G 1100 B C D E F G Spin drying performanceA: higher G: lower Spin speed (rpm) A B CDE F G 1100 Capacity (cotton) kgWater consumption l y.zyx Capacity (cotton) kgWater consumption l NoiseWashing(dB(A) re 1 pW)Spinning xyxyz y.zyx NoiseWashing(dB(A) re 1 pW)Spinning xyxyz Further information is containedin product brochures Further information is containedin product brochures Norm EN 60456Washing machine label Directive 95/12/EC Norm EN 60456Washing machine label Directive 95/12/EC Same machine, same laboratory, same ... but soil strips from different suppliers Two different labels D B

  8. Washing performance measurement is most sensitive Washing performance Energy consumption Incorrect performance measurement will also result in incorrect energy consumption (measurement).

  9. Main problem: • EN/IEC 60456 defines test material in a generic way • no specification is given to qualify the material when being delivered • no specification is given to qualify if the material is suitable for being used for tests • no criteria is given if tests done are valid to be used for evaluation

  10. Criteria missing mainly for: • Base load • Reference detergent • Soil strips

  11. Base load definition • No available base load at present complies with definition given in the standard ! • Important parameters like water uptake, shrinkage and ageing are not specified in the standard.

  12. New base load definition Proposal for the specification of textiles used as cotton base load in IEC 60456 based on available products Criterion for new textiles Bed Sheets Pillow Cases Huckaback Towels Substrate Long Staple Pure Cotton Yarn Ring Spun Yarn Twist (T/m) Warp 600 ± 20 600 ± 20 610 ± 20 Weft 500 ± 15 500 ± 15 490 ± 10 Yarn Count (tex) Warp 33 ± 1 33 ± 1 36 ± 1 Weft 33 ± 1 33 ± 1 97 ± 1 Weave Plain Weave Linen 1/1 Huckaback Pick Count (pick/cm) Warp 24 ± 1 24 ± 1 20 ± 1 Weft 24 ± 1 24 ± 1 12 ± 1 Mass per Unit Area (g/m2) 185 ± 10 185 ± 10 220 ± 10 Dimensions (mm) Length 2400 ± 150 800 ± 50 1000 ± 50 Width 1600 ± 40 800 ± 20 500 ± 30 Weight per Piece (g) 725 ± 15 240 ± 5 110 ± 3 Finish Desizing, Boiling off, Singeing, Bleaching, no Filling or Stiffening Size

  13. New base load definition Proposal for the specification of textiles used as cotton base load in IEC 60456 based on available products Criterion for washed textiles Bed Sheets Pillow Cases Huckaback Towels Water uptake in % (DIN53923) 138 +/- 10 138 +/- 10 250 +/- 15 Shrinkage Warp in % From 0 to 5 cycles -5 +/- 1 -7 +/- 1 -16,5 +/- 1 From 5 to 25 cycles -3 +/- 1 -3 +/- 1 -3 +/- 1 Shrinkage Weft in % From 0 to 5 cycles -5 +/- 1 -7 +/- 1 -11 +/- 1 From 5 to 25 cycles -3 +/- 1 -3 +/- 1 -3 +/- 1 A detailed description of the seams and the yarns used for the seams as well as a detailed description of the test procedures for determination of these parameters will be added.

  14. Reference detergent Chemical composition is given at present (which had to be changed recently) Missing parameters: Det. Perb. TAED - tolerances on all values x x x- oxygen activity x x- enzyme activity x- solubility x x x- foam intensity x- grain distribution x x x - pH x - trickling capability x x

  15. Reference detergent Chemical composition (with tolerances): Ingredient % Tolerance ( + ) Linear sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate 8,8 0,5 Ethoxylated fatty alcohol C 12/14 (7 EO) 4,7 0,3 Sodium soap (tallow soap) 3,2 0,2 Foam inhibitor concentrate (12 % silicon on inorganic carrier) 3,9 0,3 Sodium aluminium silicate zeolite 4 A (80 % active substance) 28,3 1,0 Sodium carbonate 11,6 1,0 Sodium salt of a copolymer from acrylic and maleic acid (granulate) 2,4 0,2 Sodium silicate (SiO2:Na2O = 3,3:1) 3,0 0,2 Carboxymethylcellulose 1,2 0,1 Phosphonate (DEQUEST 2066, 25 % active acid) 2,8 0,2 Optical whitener for cotton (stilbene type) 0,2 0,02 Sodium sulfate 6,5 0,5 Protease (Savinase 8.0) 0,4 0,04 Sodium perborate tetrahydrate 20,0 u.c. Tetraacethylen-ethylene-diamine 3,0 u.c. u.c.: under consideration

  16. Reference detergent Physical and chemical properties: IEC-A* Enzyme activity (kNPU/g): 0,034 +/- 0,005 pH: 10,55 +/- 0,05

  17. New Soil strip specification • Present definition defines how the soilings are made, but not the sensitivity in a standard washing process! • Only soil strips with the same sensitivity can result in the same washing performance • Sensitivity should be defined for factors like - time- temperature- mechanical agitation- detergency

  18. New Soil strip specification Sensitive on- temperature- time- mechanical agitation • Define for each soiling as tested in Wascator (Reference machine): • Ratio Cotton 40°C / Cotton 60°C Sensitive on:- detergency • Cotton 60°C, • Ratio with 90gr / 180gr IEC A* detergent

  19. New Soil strip specification • Ratios and tolerances defined:

  20. Test qualification • These ratios define the total test system of Wascator, base load, detergent and soil strips. • Ratios may be used as general qualification criteria for the test system

  21. Request!! • Get experience in your individual lab with these ratios • Report your values to D. Fäh, EMPA (for proper evaluation some additional information on storage and test conditions is required; a data form sheet will be delivered with each new delivery of IEC-A* detergent and can be downloaded from http://www…..)

  22. Next steps: • Change IEC 60456 • Change EN 60456 • Introduce modifications as ‘European Specification’ • Have ‘Industry Agreement’ • Have mutual agreements of industry with suppliers and test houses

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