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Electrical Engineering Basics Around the Home

Electrical Engineering Basics Around the Home. UEET 101. Presented by Donald S. Zinger. Electricity Everywhere. Entertainment Communication Industry Lights Anything dealing with electron flow Electrical engineers involved in all. Brainstorm.

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Electrical Engineering Basics Around the Home

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  1. Electrical EngineeringBasics Around the Home UEET 101 Presented by Donald S. Zinger

  2. Electricity Everywhere • Entertainment • Communication • Industry • Lights • Anything dealing with electron flow • Electrical engineers involved in all

  3. Brainstorm • List activities an electrical engineer might perform

  4. Electrical Engineering Major Areas • Signal and Systems • Communications • Controls • Digital • Computers • Logic Systems • Power • Generation and distribution • Power conversion

  5. Areas Not Distinct Signal and System Digital Power

  6. Household Appliances Contain All Areas • Look at dissected product • Coffee maker

  7. Coffee MakerBottom Panel Removed

  8. Coffee MakerElectronic Module Removed

  9. All Related to Electricity • A fundamental property of matter, associated with atomic particles whose movements , free or controlled, lead to the development of fields of force and the generation of kinetic or potential energy. • Funk and Wagnall New International Dictionary of the English Language, Ferguson Publishing Company, Chicago, 1997, pp. 406

  10. Quantifying Electricity • Current • Flow of positive electrical charge • Measured in Amperes • Voltage • “Pressure” that causes current to flow • Measured in volts • Impedance • Circuit opposition to current flow • Resistance in many circuits • Measured in ohms (W)

  11. Basic Electrical Quantity Relationships • Current flow is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the impedance. • Ohm’s Law

  12. AC vs. D C • AC – alternating current • Continuously varying in time • DC – direct current • Constant in long term (steady state)

  13. AC Measurements • Zero average value • Use RMS to measure values • RMS – Root Mean Square

  14. Electrical Power • Power calculation needed for useful work • Instantaneous power • Average power Where pf = power factor

  15. Energy Calculation • Energy calculation relates to work done • Energy is power used over time • Equation for constant power

  16. Comparison of Energy Users Data from: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/elect.html

  17. Single Residence Energy Use Calculation • Sum last digits of your groups ZIDs • Use last digit of sum to choose appliance • Estimate hours of use in a year • Estimate total energy

  18. US Average Residential Energy Used • Total residential electrical energy use 2005 = 1,201,147,845 kWh Source: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/elect.html • Number of households 2001 = 107 Million Source: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/reps/appli/us_table.html • Energy per household = 11.2 MWh

  19. Appliance Design • Find a consumer need • Determine technical specifications • Develop system and components • Evaluate design • Repeat as necessary

  20. Example:Electric Glove • Developing an electrically heated glove • Uses resistive heat • Nominal heat 1 W • Not to exceed 2 W • Should last 2 hours.

  21. Battery Choices From: http://www.duracell.com/oem/Pdf/others/alkaline.pdf

  22. Discharge Curves From: http://www.duracell.com/oem/primary/alkaline/alkaline_manganese_data.asp D Cell C Cell AAA Cell AA Cell

  23. + + Batteries in Series • Voltages add • Total energy increases Pictorial Schematic

  24. + + Batteries in Parallel • Current capability adds • Total energy increases • Current sharing problems Pictorial Schematic

  25. Challenge: Choose Resistance and Battery • Light weight • Meets original specifications

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