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Section 2 – Rise of Militarism

Section 2 – Rise of Militarism. Different Ideologies. Capitalism – An economic system in which the means of production and distribution are privately or corporately owned and development is proportionate to the accumulation and reinvestment of profits gained in a free market.

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Section 2 – Rise of Militarism

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  1. Section 2 – Rise of Militarism

  2. Different Ideologies • Capitalism – An economic system in which the means of production and distribution are privately or corporately owned and development is proportionate to the accumulation and reinvestment of profits gained in a free market. • Fascism – Centralization of authority under a dictator, stringent socioeconomic controls, suppression of the opposition through terror and censorship, and typically a policy of belligerent nationalism and racism. • Socialism – Planning, producing, and distributing goods is controlled by a central government that seeks equitable distribution of property and labor. • Communism –The state plans and controls the economy and a single - often authoritarian - party holds power; state controls are imposed with the elimination of private ownership of property or capital. (ex: a classless society).

  3. Different Ideologies – Cow Example • Capitalism – You have two cows. You sell one and buy a bull. • Fascism – You have two cows. You give them to the Government, and the Government then sells you some milk. • Socialism – You have two cows. The government takes one and gives it to your neighbor. • Communism –You have two cows. You give them to the Government, and the Government then gives you some milk.

  4. Mussolini in Italy • Benito Mussolini: • il Duce (Title) • Centralizes Power • Fascist Dictator Italy (1922-1943) • Leader of Fascist Party • Italian Empire

  5. Rise to Power • Fascism: • System of Government: • Centralization of Authority under a Dictator • Stringent Socioeconomic Controls • Suppression of Opposition: • Through Terror & Censorship • Policy of Belligerent Nationalism & Racism • Fascisti: • Armed Squads: (Political) • Terrorize Socialists • Fascist Party: • Mussolini Forms in 1921 • Supported by Liberals in Parliament • Introduces • Strict Censorship

  6. Fascist Party • Blackshirts: • Mussolini Army • Color of Uniforms • March on Rome • October 1921 • Occupy City • Supported by Nationalists • Strengthen Italy • Businesspeople • Opposed Socialists & Communists

  7. Power by Force • Prime Minister: • Appointed by King • Limits • Freedom of Speech • Arrested Political Opponents • Restricted Voting • Imperial Power: • 1935 • Forces sent into Ethiopia • Poorly Equipped • No Match • Lack of Support: • U.S. pass Neutrality Act • Fascist Countries • Aggression would go Unpunished

  8. Propaganda • ilPopolod'Italia: (The People of Italy) • Mussolini founded in 1914 • Fascist Movement Foundation • Propaganda: • Supervises: • Press • Radio • Education • Films • Legend of "Duce": • Man who is always Right • Could solve all Problems of Politics & Economics • Dictatorial Powers: • 1926 • Dissolves Political Parties

  9. USSR – Bid for Power • Vladimir Lenin: • Leader of Bolshevik Revolution 1917 • Red Army vs. White Army • Assassination Attempt • Leaves Bullet Lodged in Neck • Dies January 1924 • Suffered 4th Stroke • Body put on display in Red Square • Work with Capitalist Societies • Wanted to eliminate this Bureaucracy • Wanted Trotsky(Red Army Leader) • Not Stalin

  10. Leon Trotsky • Exiled to Siberia by Nicholas II • Introduced to Marxism • Allied himself with Lenin during Bolshevik Revolution • Lenin’s 2nd in Command • Leader of Red Army which recaptured territory from White Army • Outmaneuvered by Stalin • Exiled to Kazakhstan • Soon exiled from entire Soviet Union • Fled to Mexico • Stalin sends hitmen to kill Trotsky • Shoot up house (survives) • Ice Pick • Not the Man: • "Big Headed” • Missed Lenin Funeral • Wanted World Revolution

  11. Stalin Emerges • Achieving Power: • Underhanded Tactics: Secret, Sly, or Deceitful • Told Trotsky Wrong Funeral Date • Covers up Lenin's Will • Advocates 'Socialism in one Country' then World Revolution • Argued Opponents were Non-Communist • Got them Dismissed • Assassinates Enemies • Great Purges • 30 Million People Die • Kills own military leaders • Peasants • Communists Threats

  12. Josef Stalin • Totalitarian State: • Government has Complete Control • 1927 Government Seizing Private Lands • Reorganize into Large State-Run Farms • Labor camps • 15 million sent by 1933 • Results: • Decreased Food Production • Widespread Famine • Crushed Opposition: • Red Army & Police = NVKD • Used to Impose Will

  13. Hirohito • Emperor of Japn • Assumed position after father’s death in 1926 • Approved war in China • Invasion of Manchuria (1931) • Pearl Harbor (1941) • Appointed Hideki Tojo • Prime Minister

  14. Militarists in Japan • Expansion in Asia: • Military Leaders Gaining Power • During 1920's • Military Leaders: • Lesson Reliance on Foreign Imports • Reduce Western Influence • Japanese Expansion in Asia & Pacific • Japanese Empire: • Control Areas Producing Resources • Iron • Petroleum • Rubber • Timber • Economy: • Struggling • Strengthens Militarists Position

  15. Japanese Expansions • Manchuria: • Japan Invades • 1931 • Signals Imperialist Ambitions • Washington Conference: • Begin Rapid Naval Buildup • 1934-1935 • Violates Pledge

  16. Nanking Massacre • Nanking Massacre: • 1937 & 1938 • Massacre 300,000 Civilians • Chinese Soldiers • Disgraceful • Japan Soldiers "Toughen Up” • Future Battles • Bayonet Practice • Decapitations • Machine Gun Fire • Soaked with Gasoline...Burnt • Civilians: • Women Young & Old • Gang raped then murdered • Men murdered • Response: • Condemned Actions • Focused on Hitler in Europe

  17. Germany • German Economy: • Vulnerable • Built on Foreign Capitol • Loans (America) • Depended on Foreign Trade • German Industry: • Production Levels Fall • Workers Laid Off • Banks Fail • Savings...Gone • Inflation

  18. Depression • German People: • Struggling to Survive • Billions for Necessities • Cast into Poverty & Misery • Look for a Solution...Any Solution • Nazi Party • Before Depression: • Slow Growth • Under 100,000 of 60,000,000 • Tightly Controlled • Very Disciplined • Fanatics • Flag of our struggle 

  19. Adolf Hitler • Beer Hall Putsch: • Forcibly take Power • Overthrow Young Democracy • Failed (Epic Fail) • Hitler: • Changes Tactics • Overthrow it Legally • Get Elected • Building Nazi "Shadow Government” • Replace Democracy

  20. Mein Kampf • Mein Kampf: (My Struggle) • Written in Prison • Restore Germany to Power • Militaristic & Anti-Semitic • Twin Evils: • Communism & Judaism • Three Stages: • 1st Stage: Re-Armament & Form Alliances • Britain & Italy • 2nd Stage: Fight France & Eastern Europe Allies • 3rd Stage: Destroy Soviet Union

  21. New Order • Third Reich: (Third Empire) • 1st = Holy Roman Empire (962-1806) • 2nd = German Empire (1871-1918) • Nazis Government (1933-1945) • "Coordination": • Alignment to Nazis Control • Culture • Economy • Education • Law

  22. Heil Hitler

  23. Reichstag • Reichstag Fire: • Hitler is Chancellor (January 1933) • February 27, 1933 • Reichstag Delegate Powers to Hitler • Deal with Crisis • Enabling Act: • Dictator of Germany • Freed of: • Legislative Constraints • Constitutional Constraints

  24. Storm Troopers • Brownshirts: (SA) • Nazis Storm Troopers (Crush opposition) • Hitler's Private Army • Crush Political Opposition • Ernst Roehm- First Leader • 1931: 70,000 • 1934: 4.5 million • Replace Regular Army • Night of Long Knives: • 1934 Purge of SA • No Longer Needed • Military & Businessmen • Himmler Spreading Rumors • Roehm& Officers • Start Socialist Revolution • Arrested & Killed • SS under Himmler Replaces SA • Gruppenfuhrer • Answers only to Hitler

  25. Hitler Takes Power • Hitler Achieves Power: • Fuehrer (Head of Nazis Party) • Dictator of Germany (Emergency Powers) • Reichstag Fire • President Position Eliminated (Hindenberg Dies 1934) • Reich Chancellor (Head of Gov't) • Army Swore Oath of Personal Loyalty • Title: Fuehrer & Reich Chancellor • 1936 Olympics • Chance to promoteracialsupremacy • Did not thinkthatblacks and jewsshouldparticipate • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mSgx8pzdjWY

  26. Jewish Hatred • Anti-Semitism: • Discrimination & Hatred of Jews • Becomes Official Government Policy • Nuremberg Laws: • Passed Nazis Party Rally in 1935 • Deprive Jews • German Citizenship • Prohibits Marriage • Between Jews & other German's • Classified People • German = 4 German Grandparents • One or two Jewish "Mixed Blood” • Kristallnacht: • Night of Crystal • Night of Broken Glass

  27. Reflection • Which 2 of the 4 groups are the worst? Why? • Josef Stalin - Japanese Militarism • Benito Mussolini - Adolf Hitler

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