The British Imperialism of South Africa By: Nick Juliano

1. The British Imperialism of South Africa By: Nick Juliano

2. Core 1 Motives and Methods of Imperialism Core 2 Impact and Outcomes of Imperialism

3. Motives Economic Exploratory Ideological

4. Economic Motives There were several opportunities for economic growth in South Africa. In order to expand their global markets and trade, Britain took advantage of South Africa's immense wealth in minerals such as chrome & platinum, gold which was discovered in 1886 and diamonds which were discovered in 1867. They wanted to control the mines and the laborers who worked them.

5. Exploratory Britain was attracted to South Africa because it was a favorable settlement location due to its temperate climate.

6. Ideological England believed that they were superior to all other nations and felt that they had the authority to take over South Africa, thus practicing Social Darwinism. They wanted to spread the English language and further educate natives of the English culture. They wanted to civilize the natives by their own dominant laws and to establish infrastructure for the country.

7. Methods of Imperialism Britain acquired the Suez Canal in 1875 and maintained defense forces to control the eastern trade routes. Initiated Apartheid (Legal separation of races). Weakened the Boer Republics. Excluded blacks from political participation. Took advantage of the helpless conditions of South Africa to convince them that all British relations were for the better. Instituted a “Closed-Compound” work system which entailed all laborers especially miners to long and heavily supervised working conditions.

8. Methods of Imperialism Boer Republics were once independent self governed communities of South Africa. Over 28,000 Boers were captured and sent to concentration camps. Boer farms were destroyed by the British under their "Scorched Earth" policy. Systematic destruction of crops. Slaughtering of livestock. Burning down homesteads and farms. Poisoning wells and salting fields. Prevented the Boers from resupplying and made them rely on the British for survival.

9. Video • http://www.learner.org/courses/worldhistory/unit_video_20-2.html?pop=yes&pid=2163# • Watch from 6:04 to 7:00 • This segment goes into greater depth of why Great Britain wanted to control South African mines and it’s impact on the current labor force.

10. Primary Source Source Explanation

11. The Black Man's Burden Pile on the Black Man’s Burden. 'Tis nearest at your door; Why heed long bleeding Cuba, or dark Hawaii’s shore? Hail ye your fearless armies, Which menace feeble folks Who fight with clubs and arrows and brook your rifle’s smoke. Pile on the Black Man’s Burden His wail with laughter drown You’ve sealed the Red Man’s problem And will take up the Brown, In vain ye seek to end it, With bullets, blood or death Better by far defend it With honor’s holy breath. H.T Johnson (Author)

12. Explanation The Black Man's Burden is a poem written by H.T. Johnson. He explains how Africans are assumed racially inferior to other races and they face the burden of being looked upon as so. Despite their lack of state of the art equipment, even if they wield merely clubs and arrows they will rise to the challenge of their opponents with stronger artillery to defend the honor of themselves and their country.

13. Gaining Independence South Africa gained their independence over the course of numerous stages.

14. Union of South Africa On May 31st, 1910, South Africa was unified with 4 previously separate British colonies (Cape, Natal, Transvaal, and Orange River.) It was founded as a dominion of the British Empire and governed under the form of a constitutional monarchy.

15. Status of the Union Act During 1934, the British Parliament declared the Union of South Africa to be a “sovereign independent state.” It removed any remaining power of Parliament to control South Africa and ended the constitutional monarchy.

16. South African Constitution The Republic of South Africa Constitution Act of 1961 was when South Africa became a republic. From this point forward they were known as the Republic of South Africa. However, at this time blacks were still excluded from political participation.

17. Freedom! During the year of 1994, Nelson Mandela led a movement of Africans who felt betrayed to not have a say in governmental matters. Eventually, South Africa's presidential elections were for the first time multi-racial, and Nelson Mandela became the president of South Africa from 1994-1999.

18. South America Today President is Jacob Zuma. World's largest producer if platinum, gold and chromium. Close to 25% of the population is unemployed 0.45% population growth rate. 19 births per 1,000 people. 50.43 year male life expectancy, 48.51 year female life expectancy. English speakers.

19. Graph #1 This graph shows the relation of life expectancy over time. At first, citizens weren't expected to live long due to British brutality. As independence came, it gradually rose. It begins to decrease today because an epidemic of AIDS and malaria is present.

20. Graph #2 The HIV/AIDS syndrome is becoming an epidemic in South Africa. Because more and more people are becoming diagnosed, it is negatively impacting the work force and downgrading the economy. However Jacob Zuma has recently launched a campaign to widely distribute ARVs which are medications to control this virus.