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How did Denmark delink energy consumption from economic growth?

How did Denmark delink energy consumption from economic growth?. Gross inland consumption Economic growth and energy use in main sectors . 1900-2006. Source: Statistics Denmark. Sustainable development?. Required eco-efficiency progress. Concepts.

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How did Denmark delink energy consumption from economic growth?

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  1. How did Denmark delink energy consumption from economic growth? Anders Chr. Hansen

  2. GrossinlandconsumptionEconomicgrowth and energyuse in mainsectors.1900-2006. Source: Statistics Denmark Anders Chr. Hansen

  3. Sustainable development?

  4. Required eco-efficiency progress

  5. Concepts • Reference link between energy and growth • (dE/dt) /Et = (dY/dt)/Yt • Absolut delinking • (dE/dt) /Et > (dY/dt)/Yt • Relative delinking • 0 < (dE/dt) /Et < (dY/dt)/Yt • Constant energy consumption? • A question of ≥ or ≤ Anders Chr. Hansen

  6. Endogenous or planned delinking? • Environmental Kuznets curve • Anti-green movement in the first half of this decade • Automatic / endogenous delinking • Relax, cool down, problem will be solved by itself • Exogenous, planned delinking • Delinking is an option (as well as linking) • High political priority in the EU and memberstates Anders Chr. Hansen

  7. GrossinlandconsumptionEconomicgrowth and energyuse in mainsectors.1975-2006. Source: Statistics Denmark Anders Chr. Hansen

  8. Major changes in Danish inland energy consumption Anders Chr. Hansen

  9. Energy productivity(grossinlandconsumption of energy) for OECD economies.1975-2006. Source: EUROSTAT Anders Chr. Hansen

  10. Energy productivity(GDP / Total Primary Energy Supply) for OECD economies.1960-2006. Source: IEA Anders Chr. Hansen

  11. Energy productivity(GDP in PPP/ Total Primary Energy Supply) for OECD economies.1960-2006. Source: IEA Anders Chr. Hansen

  12. Energy savings due to changing industrial stucture Anders Chr. Hansen

  13. Energy savings due to changing industrial stucture Anders Chr. Hansen

  14. DK Energy productivity(VA or private consumption /grossinlandcon-sumption) for mainsectors.1975-2006. Source: Statistics Denmark Anders Chr. Hansen

  15. DK Energy productivity(VA or private consumption /actualenergyconsumption) w/woint.transp1975-2006. Source: Statistics Denmark Anders Chr. Hansen

  16. DK Energy productivity(VA or private consumption /grossinlandconsumption) w/woint.transp1975-2006. Source: Statistics Denmark Anders Chr. Hansen

  17. DK Energy productivity(VA or private consumption /grossinlandconsumption) w/woint.transp1975-2006. Source: Statistics Denmark Anders Chr. Hansen

  18. Changes in industrial structure • Earlier studies agree: • Changes in industrial structure has little to say • This study: • It is not because changes are small, but because they work in opposite directions Anders Chr. Hansen

  19. Dematerialisation (endogenous delinking) • Observed trend: Lessweight of energy intensive primary (agriculture and fisheries) and secondary (cement, glass, steel, chemical, paper) industries • But onlyone out of many trends, e.g., more transport, oil and gas extraction • In DK alsoincreasingoil and gas productioncontributes to observeddelinkingbecause VA/GJ is aboveaverage • The crucialquestion is about the sum of all the trends • Delinking in Denmark primarily a result of long term energy policy since the 70s: Energy savings, combining heat and power production, usingrenewableenergyresources Anders Chr. Hansen

  20. From central powerplants towards distributed heat and power and renewable energy Central elproduktion in midt-80’erne Central og decentral elproduktion i dag • Decentral kraftvarme • Central kraftvarme • Vindmøllepark

  21. Restruc-turing of the Danish power and heat sector 1980-2006 Source: Danish Energy Agency Anders Chr. Hansen

  22. Prices matter

  23. Thank you for your attention • Anders Chr. Hansen • Roskilde University, Denmark • Department of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change (ENSPAC) • E-mail: anders@ruc.dk Anders Chr. Hansen

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