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NCCN 胃癌治疗指南的解读 —— 内科治疗部分 (2010 V.2)

NCCN 胃癌治疗指南的解读 —— 内科治疗部分 (2010 V.2). 北京大学临床肿瘤学院 北京肿瘤医院 消化内科 沈琳. 中国胃癌的发病率和死亡率. 世界范围内,中国是胃癌发病率最高的国家之一 总数 : 934000, 其中 42% 发生在中国 (2002) 疾病部位 胃窦仍然是最常见部位 胃食管结合部发病率升高的趋势 多数患者确诊时已为进展期胃癌,且约 70 %需要化疗. 2014/9/25. # Kamangar et al, J Clin Oncol 24: 2137-50; 2006. 上海 (2002-2004):

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NCCN 胃癌治疗指南的解读 —— 内科治疗部分 (2010 V.2)

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  1. NCCN胃癌治疗指南的解读——内科治疗部分(2010 V.2) 北京大学临床肿瘤学院 北京肿瘤医院 消化内科 沈琳

  2. 中国胃癌的发病率和死亡率 • 世界范围内,中国是胃癌发病率最高的国家之一 • 总数: 934000, 其中42% 发生在中国(2002) • 疾病部位 • 胃窦仍然是最常见部位 • 胃食管结合部发病率升高的趋势 • 多数患者确诊时已为进展期胃癌,且约70%需要化疗 2014/9/25 # Kamangar et al, J Clin Oncol 24: 2137-50; 2006

  3. 上海(2002-2004): 发病率仍高: 恶性肿瘤中,男性占第二位,女性占第三位 疾病部位: 胃窦最常见,为39.88%, 小弯为12.68% 中国大城市中胃癌的发病率 北京(2003-2007) J sur concepts &practice 2008, vol 13,No 1 24-29

  4. 近3年来收入院胃癌病例 北京大学临床肿瘤学院 (2006~2008)

  5. 中国胃癌患者预后——5年生存率 AJCC 分期 美国 日本 中国 ⅠA 78% 95% 93.7% ⅠB 58% 86% 80.2% Ⅱ 34% 71% 65.7% ⅢA 20% 59% 44.8% ⅢB 8% 35% 23.1% Ⅳ 7% 17% 10.8% 总计 28% 61.4% 40% 进展期胃癌 需全身治疗 > 检测大于15 个淋巴结 Cancer 2000, 88:921-32

  6. 中国胃癌发病的特点 • 早诊率低 • 治疗水平差异大 • 国内高水平的临床研究少,循证医学依据较少 上海市胃癌发病流行现况 更要求规范治疗行为,统一诊疗标准,特别是综合治疗 J Surg Concepts Pract 2008, Vol.13, No.1:24

  7. 东方国家胃癌预后好于西方的可能原因 早期诊断 日韩国家在≥40岁的人群中每2年一次开展全国性胃癌筛查(如上消化道造影/胃镜) 治愈切除患者>50%为 I 期患者 治疗差异 手术: D2 切除术是东方国家的标准治疗方式 肿瘤侵袭生物活性弱 胃食管交接癌发病率低

  8. 术后随访,1-3年:每3-6月一次, 3-5年:6月一次,以后每年一次

  9. 2010年中国版与2009年相比,主要更新内容 GAST-2 ● 初始治疗:身体状况差的Tis或T1a期患者的初始治疗,新增内镜粘膜下剥离术(ESD)作为可选方案之一。 GAST-3 ● 术后治疗新增S-1单药辅助治疗,并增加脚注说明仅适用于D2根治术后患者,对于根治术后II期或IIIA期患者可以考虑推荐;对于IIIB期,仅适用于年老体弱或体力状况较差的患者。 GAST-5 ● 新增一项随访项目:“胃癌根治术后患者或ESD、EMR术后患者进行HP检测,如阳性,则给予清除;全胃切除或复发转移性胃癌患者可不常规检测及清除HP。” ● 姑息治疗:更新版本指出,肿瘤复发局限于残胃的患者可以考虑进行手术。 胃癌或胃食管结合部腺癌的全身治疗原则(GAST-C 2-1) ● 术后化疗:删除术前未行ECF方案化疗的患者的术后化疗方案。 ● 新增术后S-1辅助化疗,并增加脚注说明仅适用于D2根治术后患者,对于根治术后II期或IIIA期患者可以考虑推荐;对于IIIB期,仅适用于年老体弱或体力状况较差的患者。 ● 转移性或局部晚期肿瘤(不推荐进行化放疗时):顺铂加氟尿嘧啶类方案中,氟尿嘧啶的选择新增替吉奥胶囊,为2A类推荐。 胃癌最佳支持治疗原则(GAST-E 2-1) ● 出血:对于胃癌慢性出血的患者,新增化疗作为一项治疗手段。 ● 梗阻:新增胆道梗阻的治疗措施:置入胆管内支架或PTCD外引流。 ● 恶性腹水:新增有症状及无症状腹水的治疗方案。 治疗指南更细化, 关注各期患者, 特别是细化最佳支持治疗 手术前后的治疗仍存争议

  10. 清除幽门螺旋杆菌感染与早期胃癌术后预防复发的关系清除幽门螺旋杆菌感染与早期胃癌术后预防复发的关系

  11. UMIN1169 临床研究 —A multi-centre, open-label, randomised controlled trial 544 patients with early gastric cancer, eithernewly diagnosed or in post resection follow-up after endoscopic treatment, all with HP infection. R A N D O M I Z E 3-year follow-up lansoprazole 30mg Bid amoxicillin 750mg Bid clarithromycin 20mg Bid 1weeks Eradication group(272) 9 patients metachronous gastric cancer standard care notreatment for HP Control group(272) 24 patients (HR: 0.353 , 95% CI 0.161-0.775; p=0.009) 对于早期胃癌合并HP感染者EMR术后三联药物清除治疗可以降低再次胃癌风险! Kazutoshi Fukase et al; Lancet 2008; 372: 392–97

  12. 2010.v.2 NCCN胃癌指南更新 ——中国版

  13. 2010.v.2 NCCN 胃癌指南更新 ——美国版

  14. ToGA 试验设计 Phase III, randomized, open-label, international, multicenter study 5-FU or capecitabinea+ cisplatin (n=290) 3807 patients screened1 810 HER2-positive (22.1%) HER2-positiveadvanced GC (n=584) R 5-FU or capecitabinea+ cisplatin + trastuzumab (n=294) • Stratification factors • advanced vs metastatic • GC vs GEJ • measurable vs non-measurable • ECOG PS 0-1 vs 2 • capecitabine vs 5-FU • 来自 24个 国家3807 份肿瘤样本 • 中心实验室检测, 3667份肿瘤样本被检 • 810 例 HER2 阳性, 总的 阳性率 22.1% • 584例 HER2 阳性患者被随机分为两组进行观察 a Chosen at investigator’s discretion GEJ, gastroesophageal junction 1 Bang et al; Abstract 4556, ASCO 2009

  15. HER2-positivity rate Europe (23.6%) Asia (23.5%) Taiwan 5.9% (n=34) Australia 32.8% (n=61) China 22.6%±(n=590) HER2阳性率在欧亚地区是相似的,而在各国家之间有差异

  16. HER2阳性率与肿瘤部位和类型有关 肠型胃癌阳性率高,混合型次之,弥漫型最低 胃食管结合部腺癌HER2阳性率高

  17. Primary end point: OS MedianOS 13.811.1 1.0 Event Events 167182 HR 0.74 95% CI 0.60, 0.91 p value 0.0046 0.9 FC + T 0.8 FC 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 11.1 13.8 0.1 0.0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 Time (months) No. at risk 294 290 277 266 246 223 209 185 173 143 147 117 113 90 90 64 71 47 56 32 43 24 30 16 21 14 13 7 12 6 6 5 4 0 1 0 0 0 T, trastuzumab

  18. Secondary end point: PFS MedianPFS 6.75.5 Event 1.0 Events 226235 HR 0.71 95% CI 0.59, 0.85 p value 0.0002 0.9 FC + T 0.8 FC 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 5.5 6.7 0.1 0.0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 Time (months) No. at risk 294 290 258 238 201 182 141 99 95 62 60 33 41 17 28 7 21 5 13 3 9 3 8 2 6 2 6 1 6 1 4 0 2 0 0 0

  19. OS in IHC2+/FISH+ or IHC3+ (exploratory analysis) MedianOS 16.011.8 1.0 Event Events 120136 HR 0.65 95% CI 0.51, 0.83 0.9 FC + T 0.8 0.7 FC 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 11.8 16.0 0.1 0.0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 Time (months) No. at risk 228 218 218 198 196 170 170 141 142 112 12296 100 75 84 53 65 39 51 28 39 20 28 13 20 11 12 4 11 3 5 3 4 0 1 0 0 0

  20. Secondary end point: tumor response rate Intent to treat Patients (%) F+C + trastuzumab p=0.0017 p=0.0145 F+C 47.3% 41.8% 34.5% 32.1% p=0.0599 5.4% 2.4% CR PR ORR ORR= CR + PRCR, complete response; PR, partial response

  21. Safety:与对照组比较无明显增加 AE, adverse event

  22. Safety: cardiac AEs aMeasured at baseline and every 12 weeks; MI, myocardial infarction

  23. 结 论 和 前 景 • ToGA 试验显示trastuzumab联合化疗减少了 HER2阳性胃癌患者26%的死亡风险(HR 0.74) • 延长HER2阳性胃癌患者中位生存期近3月(11.1 to 13.8 months; p=0.0046) • PFS, TTP, ORR, CBR, DoR得到显著性改善 • 化疗加用赫赛汀后,患者耐受性良好,所有安全性指标包括心脏不良反应与对照组比较没有显著差异 • 将成为Her-2阳性晚期胃癌的新的治疗选择

  24. 2010.v.2 NCCN 指南更新 ——中国版

  25. Evidence: SPIRITS W Koizumi : The Lancet Oncology 9, 215-21, 2008 入组患者:不可切除/复发性胃癌 S-1+CDDP S-1 :40-60 mg, bid for 21 days q5wks CDDP 60 mg/m2 iv on day 8 R S-1 40-60 mg, bid (28 days q6wks) 主要研究终点: OS 次要研究终点: PFS, TTF, 有效率, 安全性 纳入病例数: 298 例

  26. 不良反应(3/4级) OS • 结 论 • S-1及S-1+CDDP两组有效率均较高,31%及54% • S-1及S-1+CDDP两组中位生存期分别为11.0月及13.0月 • S-1+CDDP 可作为进展期胃癌的标准一线治疗方案

  27. phase III Ramdomized 3-armed study of S-1 monotherapy versus S-1/CDDP(SP) versus 5-FU/CDDP(FP) in patients with advanced gastric cancer(AGC) (SC-101 study) Chinese patients; Ramdomized; Multicenter Comparison study Peking University School of Oncology

  28. Evidence: SC-101 Jin et al. ASCO 2008 #4533 入组患者:不可切除/复发性胃癌 S-1 S-1: 40mg/m2, bid (4 weeks on/ 2 weeks off ) 分层因素: KPS, 转移器官数目 是否胃切除术 If failed, can switch to S-1 S-1+CDDP CDDP : 60 mg/m2 iv (d8) S-1 : 40mg/m2, bid (3 weeks on/ 2 weeks off ) R 5-FU+CDDP CDDP : 20mg/m2 iv (d1-5) 5FU : 600mg/m2 civ (d1-5) q4ws. 主要研究终点: RR 次要研究终点: OS, TTF, 不良事件 最终分析患者数: 224 例

  29. 有效率 FP组41例患者进展后转入S-1组,又达到 14.6 %有效率(S-1 作为二线化疗) SP vs FP p=0.0021 不良反应( 3/4) OS • 结 论 • S-1 及SP 均安全有效 • S-1+DDP可作为中国进展期胃癌一线治疗选择

  30. R A N D O M I Z E • Stratification factors: • Type of disease (locally advanced; 1 metastatic site;≥2 metastatic sites) • Prior adjuvant therapy (y/n) • Measurable vs non-measurable disease • Center CF5-FU 1000 mg/m2/24 hrs CI for 5 days, every 4 wks Cisplatin 100 mg/m2 IV infusion on day 1, every 4 wks for max 6 cycles CSS-1 25 mg/m2 PO BID for 21 days, every 4 wks Cisplatin 75 mg/m2 IV infusion on day 1, every 4 wks for max 6 cycles FLAGS Study Design Primary Endpoint: • Overall Survival Secondary Endpoints: • Progression-Free Survival • Safety • Time to Treatment Failure • Overall Response Rate ClinicalTrials.gov ID:NCT00400179 24 countries/146 centers/ 1053 patients /non asian trial

  31. Overall Survival (FAS) Log-rank Test: p = 0.1983 Hazard Ratio: 0.92 (95% CI: 0.80, 1.05) Median Overall Survival: CS: 8.6 months CF: 7.9 months

  32. R A N D O M I Z E • Stratification factors: • Type of disease (locally advanced; 1 metastatic site;≥2 metastatic sites) • Prior adjuvant therapy (y/n) • Measurable vs non-measurable disease • Center CF5-FU 1000 mg/m2/24 hrs CI for 5 days, every 4 wks Cisplatin 100 mg/m2 IV infusion on day 1, every 4 wks for max 6 cycles CSS-1 25 mg/m2 PO BID for 21 days, every 4 wks Cisplatin 75 mg/m2 IV infusion on day 1, every 4 wks for max 6 cycles FLAGS? Study Design! • Dose? • DDP: 75mg vs 100mg • S-1: 25mg vs 40mg • TTF? • • 3.8mo in both arms • • Second line Therapy:29.6% vs 33.3%(CS vs CF) • • Overall Response Rate:29.1% vs 31.9% • • Safety •Subgroup analysis?

  33. Advanced Gastric Cancer S-1 Mono therapy for patients with poor condition

  34. Advanced Gastric Cancer S-1 Monotherapy for elderly patients

  35. Evidence :phase III ML17032 : XP vs FPKang YK Ann Oncol. 2009 Jan 20. 666-673 XP (n=139) FP (n=137) Median PFSmonths (95% CI) 5.6 (4.9–7.3) 5.0 (4.2–6.3) Superior ORR with XP vs. FP Estimated probability 1.0 0.8 0.6 Superior PFS with XP vs FP HR=0.81 (95% CI: 0.63–1.04) Compared to HR upper limit 1.25, p=0.0008 0.4 0.2 0.0

  36. 2002.6-2004.8 纳入141 例患者(中位年龄Age: 53.7ys) 化疗方案: Cape 1000mg/m2 Bid d1-14 DDP 20mg/m2 iv d1-5 q3W WHO 评价疗效 CTC v2.0评价不良反应 Evidence :中国胃癌XP临床II期研究金懋林等. 中华肿瘤杂志 2008 Dec;30(12):940-3 有效率 CR 3 (2.1%) PR 48(34.0%) SD 51(36.2%) PD 39(27.6%) mOS: 12.0m, ORR: 36.2% 安全性:3/4 AE < 5% 结论 卡培他滨联合小剂量分次给予顺铂一线治疗进展期胃癌安全有效。

  37. Meta-analysis of REAL2 and ML17032 trials in advanced oesophago-gastric cancer Evidence: Meta-analysis of REAL2 and ML17032 Trails comparing Capectabine with 5-Fluorouracil(5-FU) in Advanced Oesophage-gastric cancer AFC Okines, et al. Ann Oncol. 2009 Sep;20(9):1529-34. Epub 2009 May 27. 结 论 卡培他滨为基础联合化疗方案较5-FU为基础方案治疗进展期胃癌总生存期及有效率。

  38. Evidence :卡培他滨对比S-1 A randomised multicentre phase II trial of 卡培他滨vs S-1 as first-line treatment in elderly patients with metastatic or recurrent unresectable gastric cancer.Y. Kang, Br J Cancer. 2008 Aug 19;99(4):584-90.

  39. Evidence :卡培他滨vs S-1: 不良反应Y. Kang, Br J Cancer. 2008 Aug 19;99(4):584-90.

  40. 对比XP和SP的回顾性研究 Young Mi Seol et al. Jpn Jclin Oncol 2009:39(1)43-48 doi:10.1093/jjco/hynl 19

  41. 2010.v.2 NCCN 指南更新 ——中国版

  42. 2010.v.2 NCCN 指南 ——中国版 手术前、手术后的化疗

  43. 可切除胃癌围手术期化疗---MAGIC trial 胃癌(占85%) 或低位食管癌(15%) ECF* 3cs-手术-ECF 3cs 单一手术 N=250 5Y 38% N=253 5Y 23% 1.0 0.9 0.8 Logrank p-value = 0.009 Hazard Ratio = 0.75 (95% CI 0.60 - 0.93) 0.7 ECF: E 50mg/m2 C 60mg/m2 FU 200mg/m2/d civ Survival rate 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 Events Total 149 250 CSC 0.2 170 253 S 0.1 0.0 0 12 24 36 48 60 72 Patients at risk Months from randomization CSC 250 168 111 79 52 38 27 Cunningham et al, NEJM 2006 S 253 155 80 50 31 18 9

  44. British Journal of Surgery, Jan, 2009; 96:26-33 Patients:3809 pts Methods: 12 RCT from Jan. 1998 to Dec. 2007 4 from Japan, 4 from Italy, 2 from France,1from Spain or Poland T1 was excluded, only D1 or more was included Surgery alone group (1913 pts) vs CT+surgery group (1896 pts)

  45. Meta- analysis shows survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy group. Favours chemotherapy+surgery Favours surgery alone • Results: • The pooled HR for OS was 0·78 (95 CI 0·71 to 0·85) in favour of chemotherapy. • Subgroup analysis showed that the advantage of chemotherapy was not influenced by • depth of tumour infiltration • status of lymph node metastasis • type of lymphadenectomy • geographical distribution of patients • route of drug administration

  46. Evidence: ACTS-GC 研究设计 S Sakuramoto : N Engl J Med 357, 1810-20, 2007 • 分层因素: • 不同中心 • II / IIIA / IIIB期* 单纯手术组 *Japanese Classification of Gastric Carcinoma, 13th ed,1999 根治性胃癌 切除术(D2) R S-1 S-1: 40-60 mg BID for 28 days q6wks for 1 year • 主要研究终点 • 总生存期 • 次要研究终点 • 无复发生存 • 安全性

  47. Evidence: ACTS-GC study result S Sakuramoto : N Engl J Med 357, 1810-20, 2007 不良反应 总生存期

  48. Stage II Overall survival Relapse-free survival (%) 100 100 3年OS - TS-1 90.7% --Surgery alone82.1% • 3y RFS • - TS-1 83.7% • -surgery alone72.1% 50 50 HR = 0.59 [0.36-0.99] p = 0.042 (log-rank test) HR = 0.55 [0.36-0.83] p = 0.004 (log-rank test) 0 0 5 5 0 0 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 (years) (years) No. at risk TS-1 Surgery 232 233 230 226 186 178 100 88 25 27 231 233 215 207 161 143 85 68 19 19

  49. Stage IIIA Overall survival Relapse-free survival (%) 100 100 3 year OS - TS-1 77.4% -- surgery62.0% 3year RFS - TS-1 69.1% -- surgery56.5% 50 50 HR = 0.66 [0.45-0.97] p = 0.032 (log-rank test) HR = 0.64 [0.45-0.90] p = 0.009 (log-rank test) 0 0 5 5 0 0 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 (years) (years) No. at risk TS-1 surgery 194 203 191 196 136 132 67 59 18 14 194 203 176 170 111 102 52 47 11 7

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