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Events & Effects of World War II. Measure Your Understanding. Let’s Review: Describe Hitler’s Actions in the European Theater. Once leader, Hitler vows to bring glory to Germany Munich Conference (1938) allows Hitler to:
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Let’s Review:Describe Hitler’s Actions in the European Theater • Once leader, Hitler vows to bring glory to Germany • Munich Conference (1938) allows Hitler to: • rebuild military and occupy the Rhineland. (This makes France nervous!) • Seek more lebensraum (living space) for his master race of Germans takes over Austria, Sudetenland, & Poland. (Poland is the last straw for the Allies.) • Britain and France declare war on Germany for invading Poland. • Hitler (Germ.) & Stalin (Soviet Union) sign non-aggression pact (means they won’t fight each other)
Which significant parts of the Treaty of Versailles did Hitler break? - Minimize military - Give up territory - Demilitarize Rhineland
Munich Conference granted Hitler many of his demands. Appeasement!
After the Munich Conference… “I believe it is peace for our time.” ~ Neville Chamberlin, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
Japan’s Aggressive Steps Toward War Signs alliance w/ Germany because Japan feels betrayed by the Treaty of Versailles (Allies) Japan invades northern China (called Manchuria) for natural resources.
Allies Axis 1.) Britain 2.) France 3.) U.S. 1.) Germany 2.) Japan 3.) Italy So, what are the alliances?
Victories of the Axis Powers May 1940: German seizure of France – only took 6 weeks! 1940 & 1941: Axis seize N. Africa & Greece 12/7/1941: Pearl Harbor – Japan launches surprise air raid on U.S. Germany is successful due to their strategy called Blitzkrieg
May 1940 – Germany pushes French troops all the way to the sea. Paris & Northern France are captured in roughly 6 wks.
Hitler’s last great Victory was the seizure Of Greece in 1941.
Japanese General Yamamoto, after Pearl Harbor – “I fear we have only succeeded in awakening a sleeping tiger.”
Victories of the Allied Powers 1940-1941: Battle of Britain – Britain refuses to surrender & Hitler eventually gives up. This proved that Hitler could be stopped! June 6, 1944: Battle of Normandy (D-Day) – Allies land on the beaches of France, push Germans back east. 1944-1945: Battle of the Bulge - Allies temporarily falter, but are able to keep Germans from gaining France again.
Battle of Normandy (Commonly called D-Day) June 6, 1944 – Allies push Germans back east. Largest land & sea attack in history! Push Germans so far east, Allies are finally able to liberate France from Nazi control.
Turning Point for the Allies Battle of Midway – Pacific Theater Battle of Stalingrad – European Theater Why do you think these battles were considered turning points in the war?
The island of Midway was crucial to the US because it meant we didn’t have to go so far to refuel planes.
Allied Strategies In the Pacific Theater: “Island Hopping” – developed by US General Douglas MacArthur. Seize weak islands first, eventually making your way to Japan. In the European Theater: Split German troops by sending British & US troops to the Western front. Soviet troops will remain on the Eastern side, forcing Germany to fight a two front war.
Germany’s Surrender Berlin, Germany • Allied Powers and Soviet troops attack Germany from S, E, and W. • Soviets surround capital of Germany (Berlin) • Hitler commits suicide – with no leader, German military surrenders to the U.S. • May 7, 1945:V-E Day (Victory in Europe)
Roosevelt does not live to see the end of the war. Truman replaces FDR.
Japan’s Surrender • U.S. troops take over Islands of Iwo Jima & Okinawa (getting closer to Japan!) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j7WOLvKqyrM • Pres. Truman is advised that an invasion of the Japanese mainland would result in over half a million American deaths. • Instead of invading Japan, Truman decides we must drop the Atomic Bomb this will end the war quickly. (We’ll talk about this more next class!) • September 2, 1945: V-J Day! (Victory in Japan)
Effects of WWII Better weapons were developed to make wars faster & more brutal (atomic bomb) WWII begins the practice of targeting civilians US and Soviet Union emerge as superpowers (they had the least amount of damage) Communism gains in popularity Economies suffer due to the war torn landscape in Europe. Pulls US out of the Great Depression
Summary • Why was Germany forced to surrender? • What new weapon brought the war in the Pacific to a decisive end? • What were the effects of World War II?
