Triple Entente (The Allies)

1. Participants of WWITry to identify the seven major European powers which will engage in World War I. Triple Entente (The Allies) Triple Alliance (Central Powers)

2. Participants of WWITry to identify the seven major European powers which will engage in World War I. Triple Entente (The Allies) Triple Alliance (Central Powers) Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy (1914) Turkey Bulgaria • Britain, France, and Russia (1914) • Italy (1915) • United States (1917) • Russia out (1918)

3. The Alliance System: A Searchfor Security

4. Otto von Bismarck (1871-1890) • Sought protection for his new German Empire • Upset balance of Europegreat wealth, military, and industrial power • Used a series of alliances to alienate France • Problems: 1)based on Bismarck’s ability to control the balance; 2)other nations began to seek alliances to oppose German Empire

5. The Alliance System: Search for Security • Treaty of Frankfurt, 1871— • Ended Franco-PrussianWar • Recognized William I as Emporer • Est. Trade • Regulated French troop withdrawal • League of Three Emperors, 1873– • Unstable alliance between the monarchs of Russia,Austria-Hungary, and Germany • Made by Bismarck to bring back the Holy Alliance of 1815 and to fight against radicals

6. The Alliance System: Search for Security • Secret Austro-German Alliance, 1879 • Also known as Dual Alliance • Pact between Austria-Hungary and German Empire • Wanted to protect each from Russia or other aggressors • Prevent isolation of Germany/ preserve peace

7. Alliance of Three Emperors, 1881— - October 22, Bismarck negotiated an agreement with League of Three Emperors (Tsar Alexander II, Emperor Franz Joseph I, and Kaiser Wilhelm I) - sought to resurrect the Holy Alliance of 1815

8. The Alliance System: Search for Security • Triple Alliance, 1882— • Military alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and ItalyLasted from 1882 until start of WWI • Reinsurance Treaty, 1887— • Secret agreement between Germany &Russia that said each side would remain neutral if the other became involved in a war with a third great power, unless Germany attacked France or Russia attacked Austria

9. “Dropping the Pilot” • Kaiser Wilhelm II dismissed Bismarck in 1890 • Wilhelm II felt Bismarck challenged his power • Wilhelm did not trust Bismarck’s alliance with Russia • Bismarck’s alliance system that skillfully isolated France will shatter under Wilhelm II • William II(Germany) massive economic and military build-upturned Britain away • Pursued the goal of “glory” for Germany

10. Forging the Triple Entente (1890-1907) • Wilhelm failed to renew its Reinsurance Treaty with Russia • France aligned with Russia to protect against Germany—Dual Entente • 1904—Entente Cordial—aligned Britain and France • Settlement over Africa: NW to France and NE to Britain • 1907—Anglo-Entente--Britain and Russia align

11. Alliance System • Triple Alliance (Central Powers)Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy • Triple Entente(Allied Powers)France, Great Britain, and Russia

12. “Dropping the Pilot” • Using the political cartoon and knowledge of events surrounding the dismissal of Otto von Bismarck, answer the following questions: • What role in the world did Bismarck envision for the new Germany after 1871? • How successful was he in carrying out his vision? Explain • Summarize the ramifications of the dismissal of Bismarck by Wilhelm II in 1890

13. Emergence of German Empire • Otto von Bismarck—Three Emperor’s League (1873)—Germany, Russia, Austria • Renewed in 1881 w/ newly formed Austria-Hungary • Secret Austro-German Alliance (1879) • Directed against any Russian aggression

14. Triple Alliance (1882)—Germany, Austria, and Italy • Directed against French aggression • End of Bismarck (1890)—allied with Russia, Italy, Austria, and good terms with Britain

15. DQ: Germany • How is the rise of Germany to European supremacy a true “Cinderella” story?