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Now Entering The Progressive Era

Now Entering The Progressive Era. 1890-1920 Overlaps with the Gilded Age (1865-1900) An Age of Reform. Goals of Progressives. Political Put more power in the hands of the people Root out corruption in government Economic Reduce the power of the big business Improve working conditions

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Now Entering The Progressive Era

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  1. Now EnteringThe Progressive Era 1890-1920 Overlaps with the Gilded Age (1865-1900) An Age of Reform

  2. Goals of Progressives Political Put more power in the hands of the people Root out corruption in government Economic Reduce the power of the big business Improve working conditions End child labor Social Protect the consumer Clean up society (make everyone behave) Improve living conditions for the working class

  3. Philosophies of the Progressives “Modern” thinking Scientific technique Order and organization in society, business, and government The Social Gospel Industrialization and Urbanization caused many political, economic, and social problems Problems should be addressed by government policy

  4. Methods of the Progressives • Muckrakers • Journalists and novelists who used their writing to expose political, economic, and social problems • Settlement Houses • Hull House in Chicago – Jane Addams • Social science research – collecting data • National Consumer’s League • Florence Kelley - boycotts • Lobby for Government Legislation

  5. Who were the Progressives? Although Progressives came from many walks of life, they were USUALLY: • Urban dwellers • Middle Class • College Educated • Increased access to education led many women to enter reform work because the professions were still closed to them • Native born

  6. Political Reforms • Local Reforms (City level) • Lincoln Steffens – The Shame of the Cities • “Galveston Plan” – City Commission System

  7. Reform Governors – “Fighting Bob” LaFollete of Wisconsin Political Reforms • State Reforms • Recall – public can remove elected officials from office • Referendum – public can vote on a law passed by the legislature • Initiative – public can put a bill on the ballot and bypass the legislature • Direct Primary – voters choose candidates for office

  8. Political Reforms • National Reforms • 16th Amendment – income tax • 17th Amendment – Direct election of Senators • 19th Amendment – Women’s Suffrage • All levels: the Australian ballot

  9. The Battle for Women’s Suffrage • NAWSA – National American Women’s Suffrage Association • Carrie Chapman Catt • State by State campaigns for suffrage

  10. NWP – National Woman’s Party • Alice Paul • Lobbied for federal amendment • Picketed White House

  11. NWP – National Woman’s Party

  12. Economic Reforms • Trustbusting – Enforcing the Sherman Anti-Trust Act • Ida Tarbell – History of the Standard Oil Company • Roosevelt? Taft? • Hepburn Act • Mann-Elkins Act • Payne-Aldrich Tariff • Federal Reserve Act • Federal Trade Commission • Clayton Act

  13. Economic Reforms – Working Conditions • Lochner v. New York • Struck down state laws limiting working hours saying it violated the workers’ right to negotiate his/her own contract • Muller v. Oregon • Upheld state law limiting working hours for women and other “special populations” • Workman’s Compensation Laws • Child Labor • Keating-Owen Child Labor Act – declared unconstitutional • Safety Codes • Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

  14. Many people worked in crowded, unsafe sweatshop conditions, especially in the textile industry.

  15. The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire Bodies lay piled on the sidewalk along Greene Street together with hoses, fire rescue nets, and part of a wagon.  All were drenched by the tons of water used to contain and extinguish the fire.

  16. Child Labor

  17. Social Reforms – Quality of Life • Local changes to building codes • Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives • City Planning movement – more public spaces • National Reclamation Act • Changed the way natural resources were managed • National Park System • Protected natural resources, especially in the West

  18. Living Conditions for the Working Poor

  19. Living Conditions for the Working Poor

  20. Living Conditions for the Working Poor

  21. Prohibition – 18th Amendment Temperance movement – since early 1800s WCTU Carrie A. Nation Why did people support Prohibition? Social Reforms – Moral Behavior

  22. Meat Inspection Act Upton Sinclair – The Jungle Pure Food & Drug Act Social Reform – Protecting Consumers

  23. The Jungle

  24. The Election of 1912 • The Parties: • Democratic Party • Republican Party • Progressive (Bull Moose) Party • The Candidates: • Woodrow Wilson • William Howard Taft • Theodore Roosevelt • “Split the Vote”

  25. Election of 1912 – The Candidates

  26. Minorities & Immigrants in the Progressive Era • Progressives mostly ignored the struggles of minorities • Many southern Progressives supported restrictions on voting for African Americans and Jim Crow Laws because of Progressive ideals • Progressives preferred to Americanize immigrants as quickly as possible

  27. World War I – The Triumph & the End of Progressivism • Triumph: • More government involvement in the economy • Passage of 18th and 19th Amendments • End: • Horrors of war caused many to lose faith in “modern” thinking • Many people grew tired of reform efforts and distracted by the war • Many people preferred to return to stability

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