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Chapter Six: Jerusalem and Early Christianity

Chapter Six: Jerusalem and Early Christianity. “Turning away from Polytheism to Monotheism”. Jerusalem and Early Christianity. The Bible is our key resource for this period. Children of Israel, Israelites, Jews, Hebrews Period of the Patriarchs Period of the Exodus Period of the Conquest

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Chapter Six: Jerusalem and Early Christianity

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  1. Chapter Six:Jerusalem and Early Christianity “Turning away from Polytheism to Monotheism”

  2. Jerusalem and Early Christianity • The Bible is our key resource for this period. • Children of Israel, Israelites, Jews, Hebrews • Period of the Patriarchs • Period of the Exodus • Period of the Conquest • The United Monarchy • Divided Kingdom and Exile • The Return Turn to page 199- Summarize the history of “The Hebrews” – 10 minutes

  3. The Hebrew Bible and Its Message • “Bible”  Greek name- City of Byblos- made from papyrus reed • Division of book-The Law, the Prophets, the Writings • First five books of the bible- Torah • Prophets- great moral teachers • Moral guide, ethical and religious stability

  4. THE SPOILS OF JERUSALEM

  5. Basic Motifs of the Bible • Biblical Monotheism • God exists before the world • God pronounces creation as “good” • Humans are the crown of creation • God deeply involved in the world • Covenant (testament) • Renewed covenant = New Testament

  6. Basic Motifs of the Bible • Ethics • Moral code for individuals and society • Ten Commandments • Prohibitions, positive commands

  7. Basic Motifs of the Bible • Models and types • Events, stories, characters as models (most people were illiterate) • Contemporary impact of biblical tradition • Literature • Art • Social institutions

  8. “No humanities student can ignore the impact of the biblical tradition on our common culture. Our literature echoes it; our art is saturated in it; our social institutions are shaped by it.”

  9. The Beginnings of Christianity • Life of Jesus • Gospels (“good news”) • Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John • Religious documentations-reflect on and outline events and deeds of Jesus, • Prophetic tradition of Jesus • Parables and moral codes (identified with poor) • Jesus as Christ, the Messiah “anointed one” • Significance of resurrection

  10. Christianity Spreads • Saul of Tarsus (Paul) • Tireless missionary • Non-Jewish converts • Theological letters • Social, religious factors for growth • Peace • Emphasis on salvation, freedom • No class distinction

  11. Christian Persecution • Roman Resistance led to the execution of many Christians. • Apologists – one who speaks out in defense of someone or something (writers of the Moral Code) • Martyr of Perpetua • Martyr of Polycarp • Martyr Isaiah

  12. Roman scorn for Christians • Haters of humanity

  13. Martyrsomebody who chooses to die rather than deny a strongly held belief, especially a religious belief • Sharing Christ’s sufferings or suffering for your Own beliefs • Mystery of rejection • Sacrificial death • Redemptive suffering (Col 1:24) • Imitation • Liberation from fallen world • Resurrection, judgment • Absolute nature of discipleship • “Love for life did not deter them from death” • Witness: public and potent • Confession of God as Creator • Critique of idols, polytheism • Captive audience • Solidarity with the suffering • High cost of membership • Blood of martyrs, seedof church • Meaning in suffering, death

  14. Perpetua

  15. Baptism and Martyrs (Renewal) • “And immediately at the end of the spectacle, the leopard being released, with one bite of his Saturus was covered with so much blood that the people, in witness to his second baptism, cried out to him returning: Well washed, well washed. Truly it was well with him who had washed in this wise.” – Martrdom of Perpetua

  16. Early Christian Art • Catacombs, underground cemeteries • Frescoes (wall paintings done on wet plaster) • Salvation; Communion; Virgin and Child • Glass and Sculpture, Mosaics • Christ as Good Shepherd, • Carved sarcophagi • Inscriptions • Name, date of death, decorative symbol

  17. Christ Teaching the Apostles- Frescoe

  18. Virgin and Child- Wall Painting The figure to the left has been identified as a prophetic figure, perhaps Isaiah.

  19. “The Good Shepherd” This is a common depiction of Christ .

  20. The Vatican Museum Rome • 9th century • Chi-Rho Monogram • The figure represents the risen Christ. • Christ’s name in Greek.

  21. Fish and Chalice, Floor Mosaic Fish is a common symbol of Christ.

  22. The Crossing of the Red Sea- Fresco

  23. Martyrdom- Be Detailed or you will not receive credit for this activity!

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