1 / 42

SKULL

SKULL. HUMAN SKULL. Consists of 22 bones 8 of these bones make up the cranium 14 form the facial skeleton. (also 6 tiny bones in the middle ear). The cranium encloses and protect the brain, and its surface provides attachments for muscles that make chewing and head movements possible.

eloise
Télécharger la présentation

SKULL

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. SKULL

  2. HUMAN SKULL • Consists of 22 bones • 8 of these bones make up the cranium • 14 form the facial skeleton. • (also 6 tiny bones in the middle ear)

  3. The cranium encloses and protect the brain, and its surface provides attachments for muscles that make chewing and head movements possible. There are 8 bones that make up the cranium. Frontal Bone Parietal Bones (2) Occipital Bone Temporal Bones (2) Sphenoid Bone Ethmoid Bone PARTS OF THE SKULLCRANIUM

  4. FRONTAL BONE • Forms the anterior portion of the skull above the eyes, including the forehead, the roof of the nasal cavity and roof of the orbits of the eyes.

  5. Parietal Bones The parietal bones (2) form, by their union, the sides and roof of the cranium. Each bone is irregularly quadrilateral in form, and has two surfaces, four borders, and four angles.

  6. Occipital Bone • The occipital bone joins the parietal bones. • It forms the back of the skull and the base of the cranium. • A large opening on its lower surface houses nerve fibers from the brain that pass to the spinal cord.

  7. Temporal Bones • A Temporal bones (2) on each side of the skull joins the parietal bone along a squamosal suture. • Forms the sides and the base of the cranium. • House the internal ear. • Notice how far it goes around the face before it meets the zygomatic bone “cheek”

  8. Temporal Bones

  9. Sphenoid Bones • The sphenoid bone is wedged between several other bones in the anterior portion of the cranium. • Helps form the base of the cranium, the sides of the skull and the floors and sides of the orbits. • This bone really has three different views… Laterial—anterior to the temporal bone • Anterior- the back of the eye sockets • Inferior- looks like a butterfly.

  10. Sphenoid Bones • This bone really has three different views… • Lateral—anterior to the temporal bone • Anterior- the back of the eye sockets • Inferior- looks like a butterfly.

  11. Sphenoid Bones(Inferior View)

  12. Ethmoid Bone • Located in front of the sphenoid bone. • Forms part of roof and walls of nasal cavity. • Floor of cranium, and walls of orbits. • In the back of the orbital cavity…longer bone

  13. Ethmoid Bone

  14. The facial skeleton consists of 13 immovable bones and a movable lower jaw bone. These bones provide basic shape of the face Attachments for muscles that move the jaw and control facial expressions. Facial Skeleton

  15. MANDIBLE • Lower jaw bone • A moveable bone held to the cranium by ligaments. • Horseshoe-shaped body with a flat ramus projecting upward at each end

  16. MANDIBLE

  17. MAXILLARY BONES • They form the upper jaw. • Together the form the keystone of the face. • They form anterior roof of mouth, floors of orbits, and floor of nasal cavity. • Contains aleveolar process, maxillary sinuses, palatine process.

  18. The L-shaped palatine bones are located behind the maxillae. The horizontal portions form the posterior section of the hard palate and the floor of the nasal cavity. The perpendicular portions help form the lateral walls of the nasal cavity. This is easier too see from the bottom view of the skull. Palatine Bones

  19. ZYGOMATIC BONES • Responsible for the prominences of the cheeks below and to the sides of the eyes. • Help form the lateral walls and the floors of the orbits. • Again notice where it meets the temporal bone…called the Zygomatic Arch or the Zygomatic process of the Temporal

  20. A thin, scalelike structure located in the medial wall of each orbit between the ethmoid bone and the maxilla. A groove in its anterior portion leads from the orbit to the nasal cavity, providing a pathway for a channel that carries tears from the eye to the nasal cavity. Lacrimal Bones

  21. NASAL BONES • The nasal bones are long, thin, and nearly rectangular. • They lie side by side and are fused at the midline, where they form the bridge of the nose. • These bones are attachments for the cartilaginous tissue that forms the shape of the nose.

  22. The thin, flat vomer bone is located along the midline within the nasal cavity. Posteriorly, it joins the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone Together they form the nasal septon. Vomer bone

  23. Inferior Nasal Cavity • The inferior nasal conchae are fragile, scroll-shaped bones attached to the lateral walls of the nasal cavity. • Positioned below the superior and middle nasal conchae of the ethmoid bone.

  24. Foramen • Foramen- An opening through a bone that usually serves as a passageway for blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments. • You need to be able to identify the following… • Mental Foramen, Supraorbital Foramen • Infraorbital Foramen, Foramen Magnum

  25. Foramen Supraorbital foramen (notch) Infraorbital foramen Mental foramen

  26. Foramen Foramen magnum

  27. Sutures • Suture- an interlocking line of union between bones • You need to be familiar with the following sutures…. • Coronal Suture, • Lambdoidal Suture • Squamosal Suture • Sagittal Suture

  28. Sutures Coronal suture Squamous suture Lambdoid suture

  29. Sutures Sagittal suture Lambdoid suture

  30. Process • Process- a prominent projection on a bone • You need to familiar with the following… • Styloid Process • Mastoid Process • Coronoid Process

  31. Process Mastoid process Styloid process Coronoid process

  32. Condyle • Condyle- is a rounded process that usually articulates with another bone • You need to be familiar with the following… • Mandibular Condyle • Occipital Condyle

  33. Condyle Mandibular condyle

  34. Condyle Occipital condyle

  35. Inferior View Palatine bone Zygomaticbone Sphenoid bone Vomer

  36. For Your Information Zygomatic process (Aka zygomatic arch External acoustic canal

  37. Ear Bones • Malleus (2)- means hammer- shape of the bone • Incus(2)- means anvil- shape of bone • Stapes (2) means stirrup- shape of the bone • Don’t worry about identification of these on the skull…you cannot see them. Just recognize the names as bones of the inner ear.

  38. What have we learned so far?? Coronal Suture FrontalBone SphenoidBone ParietalBone Ethmoid Bone Temporal Bone Lacrimal Bones Lamboid suture Squamous suture Nasal Bone Occipital bone ZygomaticBone Maxilla External Auditory Canal Mastoid Process Mandible Styloid Process Mandibular condyle Mental Foramen Coronoid process

More Related