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What works to make you feel it’s like the real thing………?

What works to make you feel it’s like the real thing………?. - The Origin of Empathy theoretical part - Iconicity and Abstraction what kind of information, in what form - Immersion how much information - Pictures vs. Text. The Origin of Empathy.

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What works to make you feel it’s like the real thing………?

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  1. What works to make you feel it’s like the real thing………?

  2. - The Origin of Empathytheoretical part- Iconicity and Abstractionwhat kind of information, in what form- Immersion how much information- Pictures vs. Text

  3. The Origin of Empathy Robert Vischer (1873): ‘Einfühlung’ (in relation to art) Theodor Lipps (1903): ‘Einfühlung’ (interpersonal understanding) Titchener (1908): translation to ‘empathy’ Marc Jeannerod (March 2005): “The concept of empathy implies that individuals involved in a given interaction share a similar mental state. Empathy requires that one has information on the experience and intentions of the person who is observed and whose mental content one is attempting to understand.”

  4. The Origin of Empathy Carol Toris (1994): “Empathy remains a concept whose definition lacks consensus.” Empathy as a decoding process: focus on the recipient of a communicated message (thing) cognitive (perception, understanding) > empathy affective (emotional reactions) > sympathy Wispe (1986): “Briefly, sympathy refers to the heightened awareness of another's plight as something to be alleviated. Empathy refers to the attempt of one self-aware self to understand the subjective experiences of another self. Sympathy is a way of relating. Empathy is a way of knowing” (p. 314).

  5. The Origin of Empathy Empathy as a encoding process: focus on the creation of the message by a sender (thing) Truax and Carkhuff (1967): "Accurate empathy involves both the therapist's sensitivity to current feelings and his verbal facility to communicate this understanding in a language attuned to the client's current feelings" (p. 46). Empathy as an interactive process: communicative framework (thing) Hogan (1975): “The empathetic actor (the encoder), and the empathetic audience person, (the decoder)." (p. 15).

  6. The Origin of Empathy A negotiation model of empathy: a process of successful negotiation of communicative goals and needs (process). Carol Toris (1994): “Empathy exists neither in the head of the sender nor the receiver, but in the emerging interaction that takes place between them.”

  7. Iconicity and Abstraction Idealised Photograph Realistic Photograph Icon Real life

  8. Iconicity and Abstraction Idealised Photograph Realistic Photograph Icon Real life

  9. going A photo novel goes towards idealised…

  10. Stock photos, like these from Gettyimages, are very idealised and feel fake

  11. Cosmetics commercials offer the same idealised, ‘fake’ look

  12. However…

  13. Dove takes a different approach; ‘Time for real beauty’, And almost takes us back to the centre of realistic photography

  14. Iconicity and Abstraction Idealised Photograph Realistic Photograph Icon Real life

  15. Iconicity and Abstraction Idealised Photograph Realistic Photograph Icon Real life

  16. Iconicity and Abstraction Realistic Photograph Icon As you move from realism to iconicity, you go from feeling you’re seeing someone else, to seeing yourself

  17. Iconicity and Abstraction • What does this mean for design visualisation? • The designer shouldn’t feel like he becomes the persona • The level of iconicity has to be ‘just right’ • And it can vary between different actors in a scenario

  18. Immersion

  19. What do you think happened?

  20. This happened

  21. …..And this happened…..

  22. …..And this happened…..

  23. immersion ………….do you still think it’s interesting?

  24. immersion Under taxed Over taxed People get apathetic/bored People get stressed/frustrated Lose sense of real world. Intense feeling of joy & satisfaction

  25. Pictures vs. Text Search a balance, think of immersion level of receiver and what kind of abstraction level should be used

  26. Jean-Marc Fellous, & Michael A. Arbib (eds.) Who needs emotions? CH6: How do we decipher others’ minds? by Marc Jeannerod p.154-156 CH12: Beware of the passionate robot. by Michael A. Arbib p.368-370 Gustav Jahoda Theodor Lipps and the sift from ‘sympathy’ to ‘empathy’ Journal of the History of the Behavorial Sciences 41(2), p.151-163. Spring 2005 Carol Toris A Negotiation Model of Empathy 9th International Balint Federation Congress, 1994. Empathy test by Simon Baron-Cohen: http://www.guardian.co.uk/life/news/page/0,12983,937443,00.html Scott McLoud Understanding comics

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