Dr. Geng Duanyang Telephone ： 0533-2760314 13668641238

Tenth chapter Maize harvesting machine Dr. Geng Duanyang Telephone：0533-2760314 13668641238 EMAIL：dygxt@sdut.edu.cn QQ: 530671341

Ⅰ Introduction Ⅱ Maize harvesting machine and maize cutting platform Ⅲ Stripper Ⅳ Peeler and stalk crashing device Ⅴ Development and state of our country’s maize harvesting machine Tenth chapter Maize harvesting machine

Ⅰ、characteristic of maize harvesting Ⅱ、the method of maize mechanization harvesting Ⅲ、the development of Maize harvesting machine at home and abroad Section IIntroduction

Ⅰ、 characteristic of maize harvesting Year planting area is about 0.24 billion hm2; Our country’s three biggest maize planting area: North area(liao,ji,hei,ji and so on ),accounting for 40% Plain area including lu.,yu,su and so on ,accounting for 25% Southwest hill area including yun,qian province and so on,accounting for 15%

Because of the wide planting area, the difference of weather condition and agriculture ,there is a big difference when harvesting different maize. Dry climate regions, corn stalk and grain moisture content less water. Brachycorythis dry ear on the soft, bulky, easy to pick ear and peeling off, the general could be a direct threshing ear. However, in low-temperature wet areas, a larger stem and grain moisture content (30%), ear on the wet green bract, the general requirements of the first ear, and peeling off laundry until the water dropped to a certain degree before threshing. When the threshing excessive moisture will cause a large number of broken grains, it is difficult to custody, such as drying in time, will be rotten degenerate. Ⅰ、 characteristic of maize harvesting

Ⅰ、 characteristic of maize harvesting The development of maize mechanization harvesting in Shandong Province and the "guidance, regional breakthrough advance echelon, to enhance the province's" guiding ideology, the "take the lead in the development area, to speed up the development area, across the development area, the follow-up development" a new regional development pattern. The layout of the development of science, in order to upgrade the province's overall vibrancy.

Ⅱ、 the method of maize mechanization harvesting （Ⅰ）Sub-harvest method ：Sub-harvest operations there are two different procedures: （1）Swather cutting down corn will be used, placement, after a few days after drying, to be reduced to 20-22% grain moisture, extraction by mechanical or artificial Seed and peeling, and then shipped to market by thresher threshing.

（2）With the growth in corn picker to pick a state ear (known as the Zhangan pick), then ear to the ground, and then peeling peeling threshing machine, or to direct threshing ear. Stalk shredding machine broken harrow disc harrow or field. Ⅱ、 the method of maize mechanization harvesting

Ⅱ、 the method of maize mechanization harvesting （ Ⅱ）combine harvest method： Several different processes of Combine harvest Method : (1) Combine corn, a complete pick Seed, skinned (or threshing, grain moisture at this time should be 25% -29%), stalk shredding throw put Shop or other items of the operating field, and then without Brachycorythis the ear to the ground by the laundry (with or without drying) after threshing.

It features: 1, pull the stem roller - picking corn Seed modular header plate, less grain loss; 2, the structure of the use of air cleaning, high cleanliness ear me; 3, 4 the use of advanced fixed - floating Ear Pressure institutions, 4 8-iron roller - Roller roller peeling, peeling higher; 4, the use of CVT walk to raise labor productivity; Ⅱ、 the method of maize mechanization harvesting 5, hydraulic dump large grain flip me; 6, field-based straw chopper, with the terrain can be free-floating; recovery type straw chopper, chopped straw can be left to the trailer, meet the needs of different operations.

（2）Combine with cereal change corn cutter, one-pick ear, skinned (threshing, separation and cleaning) of the operation. In the other's stalk shredding machinery field, with some corn header cutter, first cut down corn and feed the whole combine harvester threshing machine threshing device, separation and cleaning. (3) swather (or artificial) will be cutting down corn, and to be shaped adult shop, the laundry a few days later, with pick up attachment with the grain combine harvester threshing machine pick up. Ⅱ、 the method of maize mechanization harvesting

Ⅱ、 the method of maize mechanization harvesting

（Ⅰ）Domestic situation Since the 70s, producing two types of Corn Combine Harvester (4YW-2; 4YL-2) and the development of the corn header; Developed since the 80's Combine corn silage and small one-way, such as corn combine harvester. 90's wheat combines with further maturation and cross-regional production equipment greatly increased the utilization rate of agricultural households to bring huge profits in the wheat combine, driven by large-scale development, corn combine harvester development, research and the production of the climax of a certain form, the main models have 4YW-1 (suspended), 4YW-2 (suspended), 4YZ-3, 4YZ-4 and so on. These machines are mainly small and medium-sized wheeled tractor four-wheel suspension package. Ⅲ、 the development of Maize harvesting machine at home and abroad

（Ⅱ） Abroad situation In a higher degree of mechanization of Europe and some countries of the Americas, corn has been harvested by mechanical means 20 to 70-year history, the general to the 50's and 60's have basically achieved the corn harvest mechanization, they are roughly the same path , that is, first to promote corn harvester, and thresher peeling; then the development of corn and corn picked ear Combine. In recent years, due to the large number of grain drying equipment used, corn cession of Taiwan to promote the rapid and more direct Combine cereal harvest of corn grain. Ⅲ、 the development of Maize harvesting machine at home and abroad

At present, foreign Combine the corn, there are two main models, a Russian production KCKy-6 Combine corn; One is the United States, Germany and other agricultural production of high-powered Combine with corn used for picking cutter. Ⅲ、 the development of Maize harvesting machine at home and abroad

Ⅰ、horizontal roller corn combine harvester Ⅱ、vertical roller corn combine harvester Ⅲ、performance comparison of two models Ⅳ、 introduced Other forms corn harvester （Non-teaching materials ） Ⅴ、corn cutting platform Section IIMaize harvesting machine and maize cutting platform

Corn combine are self-propelled, suspended type and pull-type three models. Generally have the following three: Ⅰ、 horizontal roller corn combine harvester

Spacing of harvest work :450-800mm Width :1650-1800mm pick roller structure Seed minimum stubble height of vertical horizontal: 50mm high pick Seed: 450mm off the net rate: ≥ 98% broken grain rate: ≤ 1% Loss rate of ear: ≤ 3% chopped straw passing rate: ≥ 90% production efficiency :4-8 acres / hour Ⅰ、 horizontal roller corn combine harvester

Ⅰ、 horizontal roller corn combine harvester Fukuda Ceres 4YD-2 shoulder-style corn harvester. It used hydraulic gear, simple structure, high efficiency, adjustable line spacing, Guangzhou and Taiwan can pick overall lateral movement to adapt to a variety of agronomic requirements, is similar corn products the upgrade.

Ⅰ、 horizontal roller corn combine harvester ？

4YW-2 type of corn combine harvester was in Henan University of Science and Technology and Zhengzhou Space Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd. jointly developed. Horizontal plane using double extraction Sui device can be picked to complete a one-time Fringe, packing conveyor, such as straw to crush the field to field operations. It was opened and the tractor used to configure, which was opened tractor operations, both to resolve the Taiwan corn harvester cut the problem of overweight, but also simplifies the transmission unit, and as the industry open, flexible operation. It has a reasonable compact, light weight stable and reliable performance, high efficiency, big ear box, etc., it used a new type of stem shredding tool to reduce the power consumption to achieve a small tractor on two lines of maize co-operation . Ⅰ、 horizontal roller corn combine harvester

Ⅰ、 horizontal roller corn combine harvester Ukraine product KKП－3pull-type corn combine harvester

Tractor production aircraft and Su-matching, matching power 110kW, the first 3 rows of corn harvest, can be completed at the same time picking ear, peeling, ear loading and stalk cutting conveyor operations; Problems: ① above 73.6kW tractor to maintain my small, difficult to meet the motive power; ② It is a tractor-harvesting machine, the field operation to be manually opened Process Road, the ear must be loaded tractor trailer takes a great deal of turn-farm for the use of larger plots. Ⅰ、 horizontal roller corn combine harvester

Ⅰ、 horizontal roller corn combine harvester Snow Slovenia corn harvester

High-efficiency, clean skinned, grain breakage rate is low power consumption of small tractors, grain boxes, through hydraulic control, equipment, low center of gravity, good stability, all functions can be based on the status of crop growth regulation, to adapt to a wide range. In the peeling device is installed above the fan and the gear box to ensure that more clean corn peeling, STAR-STAGE generated airflow to ensure easy roller cleaning, peeling machine cap central control, low center of gravity to ensure that the flexibility of the equipment, maintenance convenience. Ⅰ、 horizontal roller corn combine harvester

Ⅰ、 horizontal roller corn combine harvester

General for the two / three lines of tractor stations pick Sui stalk. Domestic 4YW-2 for the horizontal roller corn combine harvester By the divider, reel chain, snapping roll, the first ear transport device, with the exception of the stem, and peeling device, the second ear transport device, and bract spiral, spiral grain recovery and composition of stalk shredding knives. Ⅰ、 horizontal roller corn combine harvester

The course of their work: divider from the roots will be worthless and failed to allocate Fuzheng and teeth lead with reel chain, chain of sub-three single-row configuration (machine outside a row of longer and shorter machine inside two rows), the stem culm support and lead the snapping roll. snapping roll tilt to the vertical configuration, a pair of each line, relative to the turned, the front-end for the thread with the cone, since the role of lead Wo; central thread of the cylinder for the belt, since the role of picking Sui; later cylindrical shape for the deep body, or will pull off the upper part of the remainder of the stem or gnaw down to prevent obstruction. Roller in the rotation will be two worthless and failed to lead in snapping roll gap and to continue to pull the bottom to send. Ear as a result of the larger diameter clearance pass was picked off. The ear off the top of snapping roll from sliding into the central device in the first or transported. Ear by the device to be shipped or transported to the top, and down to the peeling device. Ⅰ、 horizontal roller corn combine harvester

Peeling device 1. Under the peeling roller 2. On the peeling roller 3. In addition to the stem 4. Pressure 5. Isolation under Ⅰ、 horizontal roller corn combine harvester • After extraction of the stem after the roller compacted, the upper or more have been broken into pieces, about 1m long around the base is still standing in the fields. In the back of the machine has a horizontal transverse chopped off a knife-type knife, the remaining stalk shredding and throw on the ground.

Ⅱ、 vertical roller corn combine harvester

Heilongjiang Province, Dongxing Yong-Ji Agricultural Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd. production 4YL-4 Corn Harvester, a complete pick corn ear, straw, chopped, skinned, warehouses and so on set the whole process is simple, safe, durable, easy maintenance, etc., Farmers can reduce labor intensity and raise labor productivity, changes to green manure straw, effective to enhance soil fertility and promote crop production and income, while reducing environmental pollution. Ⅱ、 vertical roller corn combine harvester

Ⅱ、 vertical roller corn combine harvester Anshan Haihong Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. “Haihong 4YZL-4 self-propelled vertical roller Corn Combine Harvester "national invention patent product. The product with the existing machinery compared to similar, with convenient operation, small turning radius, loss, applicable to a wide range of features such as prominent.

It is usually two or three lines of tractor-line (such as 4YL-2 for the two lines, a good harvest for the three lines of -3), after the cut stalk picking ear, stem and pick up / shredding. Ⅱ、 vertical roller corn combine harvester

4YL-2 Corn Combine Harvester by the divider, reel chain, disc cutters, feed chain, pick ear, and let shop units, the first ear transport, and peeling device, the second ear transport, and bract spiral conveyor, spiral grain, and block the recovery board composed of divider (see chart). The course of their work: at divider (Figure 12-5) will be worthless and failed to lead from the roots of Fuzheng and reel chain. reel chain will be worthless and failed to push the disc cutters. When the stem was cut off after the cutting and reel chain under the co-ordination of delivery to the feed chain. Feed chain will be sent to the stem clamp and the gap between the pick roller Guangzhou will take off ear. Ⅱ、 vertical roller corn combine harvester

Ⅱ、 vertical roller corn combine harvester

Pick ear roller for oblique vertical (the vertical line is tilted 25 º). Each line has two pairs of pick roller, roller former spiral general convex prism surface, the main role played pick ear, known as the pick ear roller; spindle after the roll was more than the surface of the main stem from the role of pull, known as La stem roller. Stem in the pick roller to the roller under the rear mobile. He blocked the plate as a result of blocked, so worthless and failed to roll axis perpendicular to the direction of rotation and out. The ear has won the first fall into the ear or transport device. To the skin or body, stem fall into place behind the shop units, Ⅱ、 vertical roller corn combine harvester

with allocation of the stage of the chain teeth will continue uninterrupted stacked stem to the ground. For stem field can be removed to let the Taiwan Shop, chopped change, and will stalk shredding and scattering field. Its peeling device similar to the previous models, has been stripped of the ear Brachycorythis or transported by the second device together with the recovery of grain into the rear of the trailer. Ⅱ、 vertical roller corn combine harvester

三、 performance comparison of two models The above-mentioned two types of Corn Combine appropriate in the circumstances the conditions of the performance is basically the same as: Loss rate of 2% or less; Ear pick missed landing a loss of about 2 ~ 3%; Total loss of 4 ~ 5%; Broken grain rate of 7 ~ 10%; Brachycorythis net rate of stripping of more than 80%.

However, in the case of poor conditions, the different characteristics: Green generally wet corn, plant density, weeds more cases, vertical roller corn combine harvester more failures, in the pick roller Office plug-prone, and inclined horizontal roller corn combine harvester is highly adaptive, fault than less; Panicle harvesting node in the lower parts of the ear, then the vertical roller type the leakage loss rate smaller ear pick than the horizontal roller type. In addition, vertical roller type can pick up and collection of stem, and the horizontal roller type can not pick up the stem. Ⅲ、 performance comparison of two models

Ⅳ、 Other forms corn harvester Xinxiang City, Henan Province huaxi Manufacturing Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd. “Huaxiyutian”4YZT-2008corn harvester

Characteristics: Into seed threshing, cutting, transportation, threshing, cleaning, chopped straw to field to complete a one-time, cutting width, low-cut stubble, operating efficiency, 5-8 per hour can be harvested corn acres, the class can be harvested 50 acres of corn more than the rate of broken and lost to crush seeds and stalks pass rate is far better than national standards. Ⅳ、 Other forms corn harvester

Ⅳ、 Other forms corn harvester 4QZ-5.0Type self-propelled feeder greens harvester Beijing Dele machinery factory Italy feeder greens harvester

（一）Conditions of Use Corn cutting platform with matching Combine corn grain harvest for direct dedicated devices. Cession of Taiwan to use corn harvest corn, more efficient process is relatively simple, is an advanced method of harvest. However, we must meet the following conditions, or unsuitable. (1) maize varieties should be basically the same as the maturity of the characteristics of grain harvest in 32% of water content to 25-29% for good. (2) should have adequate drying equipment, in the post-harvest grain moisture content in a timely manner will be reduced to below 15 percent in order to storage. Ⅴ、 corn cutting platform

the number of harvest rows of corn cutting platform, according to Combine cereal production capacity may be, in general there are four lines, six lines and eight lines, such as several. Constructed in much the same, by the divider, reel chain, pull the stem roller, pick ear board, removal of knives, ear spiral and chain-and-slat type elevator, etc. (Figure 12-6). The course of their work are as follows: (B) The structure and working process Ⅴ、 corn cutting platform corn cutting platform 1. divider 2. reel chain 3. pull the stem roller 4. pick ear board 5. removal of knives 6. ear spiral 7. chain-and-slat type elevator

Divider centering reel from the roots and lead to the reel chain (two sets of relative rotation). reel chain will pick reel board and pull into the stem roller gap. Each line a pair of rollers pull the stem, will be forced to reel under the pull. Roll in the top of the stem pull with two removable panels ear. The gap between the two plate diameter smaller than the ear, easy to pick off the ear. Has been off the reel chain ear to ear with spiral. Ⅴ、 corn cutting platform

Spiral ear to ear harvest will be on both sides of cutting platform to the central focus, and flexibility, as the central body to tilt means Pa chain harrow. Chain harrow the ear of grain into the threshing Combine corn kernels extrusion device. Pull the bottom of the stem has a clearance with roller equipped with a grain of corn cutting platform Combine corn harvest, when the conditions are suitable, the grain loss rate of 0.5%, the ear picking ground leakage loss rate of 2-4%, and the total loss rate of 2.5-4.5%, grain crushing rate of 7-16%. Ⅴ、 corn cutting platform

Ⅰ、 the type, structure and working process of Stripper Ⅱ、 working principle and parameter analysis Stripper Section III Stripper

Ⅰ、 the type, structure and working process of Stripper Existing machines are used in roller stripper. Divided into longitudinal horizontal strip roller, vertical strip roller, recumbent-style strip roller and vertical board strip four type.

（Ⅰ）Longitudinal horizontal strip roller It points more than in the models strip bar by a pair of vertical oblique (horizontal 35 ~ 40 º) the composition of the strip roller. Axis parallel to the axis of the two with a high degree of difference, because of its high degree of the same front-end and therefore the length of the two rollers, ranging generally around the outside of the strip roller machine longer (for the 1100 ~ 1300mm), close to the machine inside the shorter strip roller ( 740 ~ 1000mm). strip roller structure before, during and after three different: the previous thread for the cone zone, the main effect will help guide the stem and stem pick into the role of roller gap; the middle of a thread for the convex edge of the cylinder , since the role of picking Sui (length 500 ~ 700mm), the surface of the convex edge high 10mm, pitch for the 160 ~ 170mm, the two corresponding thread roller pick the opposite direction, and cross-cutting configuration. Ⅰ、 the type, structure and working process of Stripper

Ⅰ、 the type, structure and working process of Stripper

Dr. Geng Duanyang Telephone ： 0533-2760314 13668641238