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BIOMEMBRANES

BIOMEMBRANES. István Léránt. BIOMEMBRANES. Barriers Define the inside and the outside of the cells Sheetlike structures Closed bounderies Specific proteins serve as Pumps Channels Receptors Energy transducers. Comparision of various types of membranes. as a % of the total mass.

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BIOMEMBRANES

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  1. BIOMEMBRANES István Léránt

  2. BIOMEMBRANES Barriers Definetheinside and theoutside of thecells Sheetlikestructures Closedbounderies Specificproteinsserveas Pumps Channels Receptors Energytransducers A biomembránok felépítése

  3. Comparision of varioustypesofmembranes as a % of thetotalmass A biomembránok felépítése

  4. MEMBRANES • Membranesconsistmaily of • Lipids • Proteins • 1:1 ratio (1:4 -> 4:1) • Carbohydrates • Glycolipids • Glycoproteins • Lipidbilayer - barrier • Hydrophylic & hydrophobicsidechains • Specificproteinsas • Pumps • channels • Receptors Barriers Definetheinside and theoutside of thecells Sheetlikestructures Closedbounderies Specificproteinsserveas Pumps Channels Receptors Energytransducers A biomembránok felépítése

  5. Comparision of variouslipidcompoments Neutrallipids Membranlipids Structure – form. Phospholipids Glycolipids Cholesterol Triacylglycerols Energystores • Fattycid(1) Fattycid(1) sphingosine sphingosine • Fattycid(2) Glycerol Fattyacid Fattyacud Glyerol Fattycid(2) Glu / Gal P P Choline Fattycid(3) Alcohol Ceramide Specificfunction Steroidalhormones Eicosanoids Vitamins (A, D, E, K) Phospholipids Glycoproteins BIOMEMBRANES A biomembránok felépítése

  6. MEMBRANES Phosphatidicacid PHOSPHOLIPIDS PHOSPHOGLYCERIDES Sphingolipids - sphingomyelin Sn-1 – Fattyacid Sn-2 – Fattyacid – usuallyunsaturated, polyunsaturated ‘alcohol’ – choline ethanolamine serine inositol A biomembránok felépítése

  7. MEMBRANES PHOSPHOLIPIDS PHOSPHOGLYCERIDES Sphingolipids - sphingomyelin A biomembránok felépítése

  8. Digestion of phospholipidsby Specificphospholipaseenzymes phospholipase A1 phospholipase A2 Lysophospholipid X phospholipase C phospholipase D A biomembránok felépítése

  9. víz Polarcomponent phosphate Glycerol „head” hydrophyl „Tail” hydrophob A biomembránok felépítése

  10. MEMBRANES PHOSPHOLIPIDS PHOSPHOGLYCERIDES Sphingolipids - sphingomyelin A biomembránok felépítése

  11. A sphingomyeline Fattyacids Phosphoricacid Sphingosine Ceramide Choline A biomembránok felépítése

  12. Glycolipids A biomembránok felépítése

  13. MEMBRANES • Lipidbilayer • Phospholipid, cholesterolration • Type of membrane • Dualinfluence of cholesterol A biomembránok felépítése

  14. MEMBRANES A biomembránok felépítése

  15. IN VITRO – PREPARATION OF LIPOSOMES A biomembránok felépítése

  16. IN VITRO – PREPARATION OF LIPOSOMES A biomembránok felépítése

  17. IN VITRO – PREPARATION OF LIPOSOMES A biomembránok felépítése

  18. IN VITRO – PREPARATION OF LIPOSOMES • Outerlayer • phosphatidylcholine • Sphingomyelin • Innerlayer • phosphatidylethanolamine • phosphatidylserine • Lipidmovementinmembranes • Rotation • Lateraldiffusion • Flip-flop MEMBRÁNOK ASSZIMETRIÁJA A biomembránok felépítése

  19. Rapid diffusion of memberanlipids and proteins • Flourescencerecoveryafterphotobleaching (FRAP) • Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) Membrancompoment is labelledbyfluorescentdye ~ 3 mm2surfacearea Bleaching A biomembránok felépítése

  20. MEMBRAN PROTEINS Way of isolation: Periferialmembraneproteins pH changement Salt concentration Integralmembraneproteins Intensivetreatment Detergents Organicsolvents Hyrophobic, transmembranedomain (~ 25 hydrophobicaminoacids) Integral (a,b,c) and peripherial (d,e) membraneproteins A biomembránok felépítése

  21. Structure of bacteriorhodopsine a-hélix Citoplazma felőli nézet A biomembránok felépítése

  22. Covalentlyboundproteins Palmityl-group – HS-Cys THIOESTER C terminalCys -. Farnesyl-group GPI – ancor (glycosyl-phosphatydil-inositol) (enthanol-amin – P – mannose, GlcNac –Glycosylphosphatydilinositol GPI) A biomembránok felépítése

  23. SINGER-NICHOLSON MODEL • Lipidbilayer • Integral – transzmembrane - proteins • Membrane • Lipidbilayer • Glycolipids (‘-’ charge) • Internalperipherialproteins • Fluid-mosaicmodel Twodimensionalsolution of membrane – lipids and globularproteins Solvent of integralproteins Lateraldiffusion of protein is free Permeabilitybarrier A biomembránok felépítése

  24. LIPIDS OF BIOMEMBRANES Phospholipids Glycolipids Cholesterol Stearinicacidoctadecanoicacid, 18: 0 Oleicacid, cis-9-octadecenoic acidcis 18:1 Linolic, cis, cis-9,12-octadecadienoic acidcis,cis 18:2 A biomembránok felépítése

  25. Membranefluidity and unsaturatedfattyacids + cholesterol A biomembránok felépítése

  26. Membranfunctions Signaltransduction Signaltransformation Structure of membranes Barriers Definetheinside and theoutside of thecells Sheetlikestructures Closedbounderies Specificproteinsserveas Pumps Channels Receptors Energytransducers Signaltransduction Answer Second mesengers Hormons External signals Biochemical changement Receptor A biomembránok felépítése

  27. A biomembránok felépítése

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