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Native Americans before Columbus 15,000-1492

Native Americans before Columbus 15,000-1492. “Native Americans around a Fire” by Theodore de Bry 1590. Origins. Native Americans crossed the Bering land bridge from Asia over hundreds of years Why? Natives were hunter/gatherers, and followed herds of Mastodons, Elk, and even Caribou.

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Native Americans before Columbus 15,000-1492

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  1. Native Americans before Columbus15,000-1492 “Native Americans around a Fire” by Theodore de Bry 1590

  2. Origins • Native Americans crossed the Bering land bridge from Asia over hundreds of years • Why? Natives were hunter/gatherers, and followed herds of Mastodons, Elk, and even Caribou.

  3. Settlement • Native Americans followed herds and the coastlines, eventually settling at MONTE VERDE, in South America, the oldest human settlement in the New World (C.A. 12,000 B.C.)

  4. Societies • Over time, Native Americans developed different societies, based on geography and food economy. • Most developed were found in Central and South America.

  5. Early Society Examples • Olmecs (1,500 B.C.-) controlled trade networks in Southern Mexico, cities at San Lorenzo and La Venta • Zapotecs (1,300 B.C.-750 A.D.) First Native People to develop writing and a calendar. Capitol is at Monte Alban

  6. South Platform, • Building "M", • The Danzantes, • Building IV, • North Platform, • Ball Court, • Building II, • The Palace • Building "J“ • Tomb 107 • Tomb 104, • Stela, • Sunken Patio • Building 1 • The VG Complex • Jewelled Building, ,Diagram of Monte Alban, Oaxaca, Mexico.

  7. (above)Map of Olmec heartland (south of the GOM) • (right) two giant basalt stone heads, showing a former king or warrior of San Lorenzo. • (bottom) excavation of Olmec head at San Lorenzo, 1942.

  8. Native Americans in North America • NC and US native americans developed over time through four steps. • Paleo-Indians: (old-indians) • 15,000-8,000 BC • were nomadic, hunter gatherers only, limited tools and technology. (left) an Atl-atl or spear thrower used to hunt large animals like Mammoth. (right) Clovis Point evidence of human hunting at Clovis NM, around 12,000 bc

  9. Native Americans in North America • Archaic- (forest indians) • 8,000-1,000 BC • end of the ice age and death of the large animals meant change in hunting tech and styles. • Spread all across Eastern NC, gathering nuts, berries, shell fish, acorns, and small game. • To the left are examples of new spear points developed during this time, most famous is the Hardaway point, found in Stanly county. These are designed for small game.

  10. Native Americans in North America • Woodland-(settlement indians) • 1000 B.C. and 1000 A.D • These NA lived in small seasonal villages, produced pottery and had small gardens. • By hunting white tailed deer, rabbit, and other small game developed the new tech bow and arrow. Above right: woodland era pot (ad 300) found in Haywood county. Left: Arrowheads found near the town of Badin, Stanly county

  11. Native Americans in North America Mississippian period: (Village farmers) 1000-1650 AD Heavily influenced by meso-american agriculture based on corn, squash, and beans. (called the three sisters by the Cherokee) Agro creates population boom, which leads to walled towns, and mud pyramids

  12. Two examples of MP towns • Town creek Indian mound: Montgomery county. • Classic example of MP town in NC, a political center where disputes were resolved between tribes. • Cahokia: largest MP city in North America, located near St. Louis Missouri. • larger than London, England in 1250. (had 20,000 people living there. • Relied on large trade networks and resource production, named after a tribe that lived there in the 1600’s

  13. http://www.cahokiamounds.org/explore/timeline Below left artist’s rendition of Cahokia circa 1250 ad. Below right, town creek Indian mound, around 1100 ad.

  14. NC Tribes

  15. NC Tribes

  16. Bibliography • http://ncpedia.org/history/early/native-settlement • http://www.cabrillo.edu/~crsmith/cahokia.html • http://ncpedia.org/history/early/native-settlement • http://people.wku.edu/darlene.applegate/newworld/webnotes/unit_3/monte_alban.html • http://www.micahwright.com/olmec/colossal.html • http://www.rla.unc.edu/lessons/Lesson/L301/L301.htm • http://www.rla.unc.edu/lessons/Lesson/L302/L302.htm • http://www.rla.unc.edu/lessons/Lesson/L304/L304.htm • http://www.rla.unc.edu/lessons/Lesson/L303/L303.htm • http://www.nchistoricsites.com/town/ceremonial-center.htm • http://www.cahokiamounds.org/explore/cahokia-mounds/central-palisade/summer/1 • http://www.eachtown.com/Illinois/City/Cahokia;9731/

  17. Additional Websites • Cherokee language clip • http://www.learnnc.org/lp/multimedia/10168 • Cahokia timeline http://www.cahokiamounds.org/explore/timeline

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