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Web 2.0 (web two dot oh)

Web 2.0 (web two dot oh). Dr Kevin McManus http://staffweb.cms.gre.ac.uk/~mk05/web/web2/. Web 2.0. Motivation provide an overview of the memeset that has emerged in what is now commonly called Web two-dot-oh Objectives to become aware of the main principles of Web 2.0

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Web 2.0 (web two dot oh)

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  1. Web 2.0(web two dot oh) Dr Kevin McManus http://staffweb.cms.gre.ac.uk/~mk05/web/web2/ the University of Greenwich

  2. Web 2.0 • Motivation • provide an overview of the memeset that has emerged in what is now commonly called Web two-dot-oh • Objectives • to become aware of the main principles of Web 2.0 • become fluent in the vocabulary of Web 2.0 • appreciate the relevance and future of Web 2.0 the University of Greenwich

  3. Web 1.0 Web pages as information sources information is largely static WORM changing content meant reworking by the website administrators Stateful transaction based eBusiness shopping trolleys eBay the University of Greenwich

  4. Evolution of the Web HTML HTML HTML, XML XML Generation 1Static HTML Generation 2Web Applications Generation 3Web Services the University of Greenwich

  5. Bursting the Bubble • After a brief history of being used almost exclusively by geeks the world suddenly discovered dot-com in 1998 • The resulting dot-com bubble peaked and burst in March 2000 • By August 2002 the bubble had deflated • In mid 2003 dot-com began it's recovery and moved into Web 2.0 the University of Greenwich

  6. I have only just mastered Web 1.0 Now there’s a new version? The expression "Web 2.0" arrived with the first Web 2.0 conference San Francisco October 2004 before J. J. Garrett published his AJAX paper (Feb 05) ajax-new-approach-web-applications before Web 2.0 actually arrived Tim O'Reilly is widely credited with coining the term Web 2.0 Web 2.0 was not invented it evolved the University of Greenwich

  7. Web 2.0 is not A new version of the Internet A new version of the Web A new release of software A new technology A new way of Web surfing the University of Greenwich

  8. Web 2.0 is A new way of approaching the creation of web sites An emphasis on user generated content, sharing, collaboration and mashups Changing the way online businesses operate Attracting a lot of hyperbole More than just hype the University of Greenwich

  9. Evolution of the Web HTML, XML XML user generated content asynchronous partial page updates service oriented architectures Generation 4Web 2.0 the University of Greenwich

  10. The Seven Principles of Web 2.0 Tim O’Reilly gave seven principles that contribute to Web 2.0 The Web As Platform Harnessing Collective Intelligence Data is the next 'Intel Inside' End of the Software Release Cycle Lightweight Programming Models Software above the level of a single device Rich user experiences a decade later he may suggest a different set of principles T. O'Reilly “What Is Web 2.0: Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software” (2005) the University of Greenwich

  11. The Web As Platform Web 2.0 doesn't have a hard boundary but rather, a gravitational core You can visualize Web 2.0 as a set of principles and practices A software paradigm A collection of memes “A Platform Beats an Application Every Time”- O’Reilly the University of Greenwich

  12. Mind Map - Web 2.0 Memes Markus Angermeier (2005) "The huge cloud lens bubble map web2.0" http://kosmar.de the University of Greenwich

  13. Harnessing Collective Intelligence The wisdom of crowds linking turns documents into a web linking harnessed by Google to rate pages a substantially democratic process page ranking, user reviews, linked sales tagging and folksonomy Flickr, del.icio.us, dogear User generated content blogs instead of home pages wikis instead of encyclopedias radical trust "large groups of people are smarter than an elite few" James Surowieki, "The Wisdom of Crowds" (2005) the University of Greenwich

  14. Data is the Next 'Intel Inside' It’s all about the data this is the information revolution Data is the path to revenue a resource worth mining The network is the computer ubiquitous access to data Who owns the data? creative commons licensing your work the University of Greenwich

  15. End of the Software Release Cycle Software as a service not as a product or artifact Operations must become a core competency software will cease to perform unless it is maintained on a daily basis perpetual beta Users treated as co-developers not unlike open source the University of Greenwich

  16. Lightweight Programming Models Large companies proposed complex distributed system communication stacks designed to create high reliability programming environments But the web succeeded because of it’s simplicity REST (POX) has many advantages over SOAP cf. Amazon Web Services Innovation emerges from assembly mashups Lessons learned: support lightweight programming models that allow for loosely coupled systems. think syndication, not coordination design for “hackability” and “remixability” the University of Greenwich

  17. Software Above the Level of a Single Device Not all web clients are Personal Computers certainly not all running on M$ windoze iPod + iTunes heralded change podcasting entered the vocabulary Highly distributed services napster, BitTorrent, TiVo, etc. New applications will emerge when our phones and our cars are not simply consuming data but reporting it real time traffic monitoring, flash mobs, and citizen journalism are early warning signs the University of Greenwich

  18. Rich User Experiences Following Java applets (1995) Macromedia led development of ‘Rich Internet Applications’ with asynchronous partial page updates Asynchronous partial page updates now commonplace using both native and proprietary browser technologies AJAX, RSS, RDF Flash, Flex, Silverlight, AIR Google led the field with Gmail and Google Maps mashable web based applications with rich user interfaces and PC-equivalent interactivity and more... the University of Greenwich

  19. Web 2.0 by Example Adapted from : T. O'Reilly What Is Web 2.0: Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software" (2005) the University of Greenwich

  20. Gartner's 2006 Emerging Technologies Hype Cycle Highlights Key Technology Themes the University of Greenwich

  21. The Long Tail the area under the curve has moved into the long tail The lower distribution and inventory costs of eBusiness allows profit to be made by selling small volumes of many niche items, instead of only selling large volumes of a reduced number of popular items. Wikipedia the University of Greenwich

  22. Web 2.0 Mindset Encourage input and participation from users voting, rating, feedback No gurus that hand out wisdom gurus that harness collective intelligence Users interact with pages not just reading (consuming) RIAs Users collaborate on content Blogs, Wikis, YouTube, Facebook, Twitter "Web 2.0 is an attitude, not a technology" I. Davis "Talis, Web 2.0 and All That" (2005) the University of Greenwich

  23. Open DHTML XHTML(5), CSS(3), JavaScript, DOM AJAX Asynchronous JavaScript And XML except that it doesn’t have to be XML XML SVG, RSS, ATOM, RDF, VOIP SOAP, WSDL LAMP, Rails Proprietary (not necessarily closed) Adobe Flash (shockwave) Flex AIR Microsoft dotNET Silverlight Sun Java Web 2.0 Technologies Audio and Video CODECs remain a problem the University of Greenwich

  24. Web 2.0 in Education Pushing the programming community to combine services OpenAcadmic.org - combines parts of Moodle, Drupal, Elgg, OpenID and MediaWiki Supporting learners, teachers and institutions Virtual learning environments Second Life not really Web 2.0 the University of Greenwich

  25. "The Net is a waste of time, and that is exactly what is right about it" attributed to William Gibson the University of Greenwich

  26. Debate “The Internet Makes us Dumb(er)” For Against the University of Greenwich

  27. Who is participating in web 2.0? Huge growth of participatory web sites 668% increase in last 2 years (2007) Now account for 12% of the web! Not just for youngsters Wikipedia:18-34 tend to consume what 35-55+ produce YouTube: 18-24 less likely to upload than older users Participation is viral Usage patterns continue to emerge • In 2013, 36 million adults (73%) in Great Britain accessed the Internet every day, 20 million more than in 2006, when directly comparable records began • Access to the Internet using a mobile phone more than doubled between 2010 and 2013, from 24% to 53% • In 2013, 72% of all adults bought goods or services online, up from 53% in 2008 • In Great Britain, 21 million households (83%) had Internet access in 2013 • Broadband Internet connections using fibre optic or cable were used by 42% of households, up from 30% in 2012 • ONS (2013) Statistical bulletin: Internet Access - Households and Individuals • At 2012 Q2, 7.82 million adults (16 per cent) had never used the Internet. This is 4 per cent lower than 2012 Q1 and 10 per cent lower than 2011 Q2. • There were 42.52 million adults (84 per cent) who had ever used the Internet at 2012 Q2. • Men (87 per cent) were more likely to be Internet users than women (82 per cent). • By region, the South East and London had the highest rate of Internet users (88 per cent); Northern Ireland the lowest (77 per cent). the University of Greenwich

  28. Web 2.0 is changing the user experience Networked applications provide increased context and continuity applications depend on each other Metadata-driven navigation RIAs are displacing the page metaphor powerful, smoother, visually-stable applications Applications are now increasingly visual video and animation is providing a more engaging experience Line between desktop and online blurring netvibes, iGoogle, goowy, eyeOS users want more applications online the University of Greenwich

  29. The Lowering Barrier of Entry The barrier of entry for competing on the web is approaching zero Reducing startup costs for web-based business Hosting services becoming ridiculously cheap it’s not just space you get for your money bags of tools come with the space Intelligence and imagination are the limiting factors the University of Greenwich

  30. What Does it Mean for Business? Web 2.0 is raising the bar of user expectations users bring life experiences into the workplace Better applications are being created at an increasingly faster rate to compete, traditional businesses must selectively embrace the more nimble approaches Strategy must include… leverage the participatory nature leverage the “free web” without compromising quality, security, and profit making fostering a web 2.0 mentality can’t beat ’em, join ’em the University of Greenwich

  31. Designer Role Change Writing semantic markup transition to XML errrr… apart from all that HTML5 andf JSON Providing Web services thinking SOA Remixing content no re-inventing wheels Emergent navigation and relevance users are in control Adding metadata over time communities building social information Task focused user interfaces enabling users to do what they want the University of Greenwich

  32. Problems • Wisdom of crowds or legitimising mob rule? • Protection of intellectual property • Ownership of uploaded material • Accessibility of AJAX • Don Hinchliffe's 10 problems with Web 2.0 • 2006 but no longer online • See Don’s blog on teaching material 1. Excessive Hype 2. Lack of Simple Definition 3. Aging Poster Children 4. Needing A Permaconnection 5. Ajax as the Official Web 2.0 Experience 6. Excessive Attention On The Technology 7. Really Bad Adherents. 8. Blogging Instead of Doing 9. Not Facing Hard Truths 10. Adopting The Lightweight Creation Model the University of Greenwich

  33. What about the semantic Web? • Vision of Sir Tim • Machines using the WWW in a similar way to humans • intelligently • using metadata • XML technologies with SOA • RDF, OWL, DAML, OIL • Held back by the difficulty of developing ontologies • Dublin core, FOAF, SIOC, etc. • despite Protégé • an open source ontology editor and knowledge-base framework the University of Greenwich

  34. Web 3.0 • Not easy to get a handle on this • To many it is synonymous with Sir Tim's Semantic Web • Others views include • permanent/ubiquitous web connection • 3D interfaces • push-pull architecture • persistent queries • hyperbole • the web of things the University of Greenwich

  35. Conclusion • We have looked at the emergence of Web 2.0 • not a new technology • a new way of thinking • memetic • new ways of using established technologies • open technologies, little or no vendor lock-in • User involvement • harnessing collective intelligence • the long tail • Software as a service • perpetual beta • RIAs • task focused applications the University of Greenwich

  36. Any Questions? the University of Greenwich

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