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Contemporary Literature of East Asia

Contemporary Literature of East Asia. Japanese Literature in XX-XXI century. Japanese Literature in XX-XXI century. More intelligible for European readers A lot of translations into English Its quality is remarkably high, and compares with that written anywhere in the world.

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Contemporary Literature of East Asia

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  1. Contemporary Literature of East Asia Japanese Literature in XX-XXI century

  2. Japanese Literature in XX-XXI century • More intelligible for European readers • A lot of translations into English • Its quality is remarkably high, and compares with that written anywhere in the world. • Ancient national literary tradition • Japanese contemporary literature is influenced by both Western literature and national tradition

  3. Traditional genres: • Monogatary (novel) • Murasaki Shikibu, Genji monogatari (Tale of Genji) [in ealy 11 century, ca 1008 ?] • Nikki (diary) • Essay • Sei Shonagon, Makura no soshi (The Pillow Book), a diverse collection of jottings and essays [around 996 ] • Short stories • Poetry: vaka (tanka, hokku)

  4. MurasakiShikibu

  5. SeiShonagon

  6. after the Meiji restoration • Official pseudo-historical literature (“Luminous, shiny, radian”, works). • New schools: • - neo-Realist • - Naturalist • - Sensualist • “ich-roman” - a story so closely based to personal experience as to be a kind of diary (egobelletristic)

  7. Akutagawa Ryunosuke. (1892-1927гг.) • ‘Rashōmon’ and ‘In a Bamboo Grove’ ‘ • The Nose’, ‘O-Gin’ and ‘Loyalty’ paint a rich and imaginative picture of a medieval Japan peopled by Shoguns and priests, vagrants and peasants. • ‘Flour of hell’ - interrelation between art and life • To the framework of events of ancient tales he added modern psychological insights and the glitter of the style.

  8. AkutagawaRyunosuke. (1892-1927гг.) • in later works such as ‘Death Register’, ‘The Life of a Stupid Man’ and ‘Spinning Gears’, Akutagawa drew from his own life to devastating effect, revealing his intense melancholy and terror of madness in exquisitely moving impressionistic stories.

  9. Tanizaki Junichiro (1886-1965гг.) • A Fool’s Love (1924) • (“naomism”) • The Thin Snow (1944-1947) • (“ The Makioka Sisters) • Praise of the Shadow”

  10. David Mitchell: “In Japan, The Makioka Sisters is considered to be Tanizaki’s masterpiece. It’s a big, substantial book about the lives and fortunes of four sisters in Kyoto, from around about the 1930s to the 1950s. To describe it really doesn’t do it justice. It’s a domestic family saga, but because it’s Tanizaki, it has this dark underlay”. TanizakiJunichiro

  11. Yasunari Kawabata (1899-1972). • a literary Nobel, in 1968. • “for his narrative mastery, which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind” • The Nobel Committee cited three works especially • Snow Country (1937) • Thousand Cranes (1949) • The Old Capital (1962)

  12. Yasunari Kawabata • “The city itself is really the leading character, the capital of the old kingdom, once the seat of the mikado and his court, still a romantic sanctuary after a thousand years, the home of the fine arts and elegant handicraft, nowadays exploited by tourism but still a loved place of pilgrimage”.

  13. Yukio Mishima: (1925-1970гг.) • “The devil, enchanted by death” • "Everybody says that life is a stage. But for most people this does not become an obsession, and if it does, it is not at such an early age as I have. When my childhood ended, I was already firmly convinced of the immutability of this truth and intended to play the role assigned to me without revealing my true essence. "

  14. Yukio Mishima • Confessions of a Mask • The Sound of Waves • The Temple of the Golden Pavilion • Sea of Fertility • The essay "The Sun and Steel" The essay "Hagakure Nyumon"The cycle of plays "Modern Theater No"Stories of the "Buddhist cycle", the "Christian cycle"

  15. Kōbō Abe (1924-1993гг.) • “Abe is the Japanese Kafka. Modernist and surreal” • The Woman in the Dunes,combines the essence of myth, suspense and the existential novel.“It’s about fate, and your attitude to fate, and maybe the Buddhist idea that you can’t change what happens to you, but you can change your attitude toward what happens to you”.

  16. Kenzaburō Ōe(1935г.) • a major figure in contemporary Japanese literature. • His works, strongly influenced by French and American literature and literary theory, engage with political, social and philosophical issues including nuclear weapons, social non-conformism and existentialism.

  17. KenzaburōŌe(1935г.) • Ōe was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1994 for creating "an imagined world, where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today.“ • A Personal Matter • The Silent Cry • A Quiet Life • The Healing Family (tells about his son Hikari) • The Changling” (2010).

  18. KenzaburōŌe(1935г.) • Oe has often dealt with marginal people and outcasts and isolation from individual level to social and cultural levels. Another central theme - as in the works of a number of other Japanese writers - is the conflict between traditions and modern Western culture. • "My observation is that after one hundred and twenty years of modernisation since the opening of the country, present-day Japan is split between two opposite poles of ambiguity. I too am living as a writer with this polarisation imprinted on me like a deep scar." (from Nobel Lecture, 1994)

  19. New trends (80-90s): • The influence of European literature • The integration of "high" and mass literature • Interdependence of genres • Development of women's prose • Breaking traditional values • New names: Yoko Tavada, Anna Ogino, Banana Yoshimoto, Haruki Murakami, Rue MuracamiLiterary awards: Akutagawa and Naoki

  20. Haruki Murakami (р.1949г.)

  21. Haruki Murakami • "What I describe in my works is the position of a person as an individual living in deep chaos“ • Norwegian Wood • The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle • Dance, Dance, Dance • South of the Border, West of the Sun

  22. Haruki Murakami The English translation of Haruki Murakami’s latest novel, 1Q84,is a weighty 1,000-page tome that will be available this October. Benedict Page writes in the Guardian: “Exploring the themes of cult religions, family ties, writing and love, 1Q84 is said to be the story of two characters, a man and a woman, in search of one another.” “A love story, a mystery, a fantasy, a novel of self-discovery, a dystopia to rival George Orwell’s — 1Q84 is Haruki Murakami’s most ambitious undertaking yet: an instant best seller in his native Japan, and a tremendous feat of imagination one of our most revered contemporary writers”

  23. Banana Yoshimoto: • Kitchen (1988) A young woman learns some important lessons about life and love thanks to her culinary experience. Food is always somehow present no matter where she is, and a curious assortment of individuals open up their hearts to help assuage the pain from her grandmother’s death.

  24. Ryu Murakami • Sometimes cheekily called the “other” Murakami , Ryu Murakami has a gritty aesthetic, dealing with drug culture, crime and violence, and a much darker overall tone. • Almost Transparent BlueIn the Miso Soup. • The Parasite

  25. Китайская литература (1912 – 1949гг.) Начало ХХвека: Демократизация языка, социальная критика, влияние западной литературы. «Движение 4 мая» - 1915г. , журнал «Новая молодежь». Основное направление – реализм в прозе, наряду с ним – символизм, в подражании русской и европейской литературе Организации: «Общество изучения литературы»; «Лига левых писателей»

  26. Китайская литература • Лу Синь (1881-1936гг) «Дневник сумашедшего»; «Подлинная история А Кью» • Лао Шэ (1899-1966гг.) «Счастливчик Верблюд»

  27. Современная литература Китая • После «культурной революции» - «дуновение свежего ветра»; «критическое осмысление» - «фаньсы». • «Литература пострадавших»; «литература шрамов»; литература «поисков корней»: Ван Мэн, Ба Цзинь, Цзун Пу. • Более молодые: Юй Хуа, Су Тун, Ван Аньи, Цзя Пинва. • Особенности: открытость интеллектуальным влияниям извне; влияние рынка; идеологический контроль, неопределенный социальный статус интеллигенции.

  28. Современная литература • Дискуссия о китайской литературе в 2009-2010гг. • Вольфганг Кубин: китайская литература остается провинциальной, бескультурной, демонстрирует низкое качество литературного языка. • Редактор журнала «Жэньминь вэньсюэ» Ли Цзинцзэ: эссе «Безмолвная литература»: китайская культура литературоцентрична, но в настоящее время происходит переоценка ценностей

  29. Современная литература • Положение между идеологическим влиянием КПК и диктатом рынка • «Generation gap». Мо Янь: «У старших – культрев, борьба с правыми, голод, репрессии, «вождение по улицам», отправка на перевоспитание в коровник, реабилитация (пиньфань), очищение (чжаосюэ). У молодых – компьютеры, мода, авто, путешествия, попса, учеба за границей». • Чжао Сяомин: «В 90-е мы поняли, что нужна китайская литература, чтобы избежать утраты национальной идентичности»

  30. Современная литература • Ван Мэн (р. 1934) - в течении 20 лет находился на «перевоспитании». Вернулся в литературу в 70-х гг. Был министром культуры. Рассказы, эссе, романы «Метаморфозы, или игра в складные картинки» -элементы модернизма, «поток сознания». Тетралогия «Сезоны» - внутренняя речь, панорамность изображения жизни, историчность.

  31. Современная литература • Мо Янь - роман «Лягушка» - о проблемах контроля над рождаемостью – литература о лаобайсин -о простых людях, в традициях Лу Синя и Лао Шэ

  32. Современная литература • Цань Сюэ (р.1953) - проходила «перевоспитание». • Необычный стиль, философичность, размытые сюжеты, парадоксальные образы, обращение к фольклору. • Романы «Улица желтой глины»; «Старое плывущее облако», «Улица 5 ароматов»

  33. Новое поколение • Юй Хуа (р.1967) - роман «Братья», о нескольких поколениях одной семьи и их сложных отношениях со временем. • Хань Хуа - «Тройная дверь» • Чэнь Жань – повести и новеллы о современных китайских момлодых женщинах

  34. Современная литература • Гао Синьцзян (р.1940г.) -лауреат нобелевской премии за 2000 год. • 80- е абсурдистские пьесы, подвергшиеся разносной критике. • Главные романы – «Чудотворные горы»; • «Библия для одного человека»

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