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Enzymes: A Brief Introduction

Enzymes: A Brief Introduction. A Presentation by: Alice Clark, Stephanie Fairweather and Brooke Stepp. What is an Enzyme?. Proteins Function as catalysts Indispensable for most life processes. Functions of Enzymes in our Bodies. Digestion Active Transport DNA Replication

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Enzymes: A Brief Introduction

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  1. Enzymes:A Brief Introduction A Presentation by: Alice Clark, Stephanie Fairweather and Brooke Stepp

  2. What is an Enzyme? • Proteins • Function as catalysts • Indispensable for most life processes

  3. Functions of Enzymes in our Bodies • Digestion • Active Transport • DNA Replication • Glucose Metabolism • Muscle Contraction

  4. Enzyme Specificity • Absolute Specificity • Relative Specificity Lactase Salivary Amylase

  5. Components of an Enzyme

  6. Cofactor • A specific, inorganic component which attaches to an apoenzyme to activate catalysis of a chemical reaction with a substrate. Carbonic anhydrase needs the cofactor zinc to be present in order to catalyze CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid.

  7. Coenzyme • An organic component which attaches to an apoenzyme to activate catalysis of a chemical reaction with a substrate. Coenzyme NAD+, together with lactate dehydrogenase, catalyze the oxidation of lactate to pyruvate. NAD+ is the oxidizing agent. Coenzymes are present in reactions which produce carbon-oxygen double bonds.

  8. Mechanism of Enzymatic Action • Substrate contacts the active site on enzyme • Forms an enzyme-substrate complex • Substrate is transformed into products • Products are released • Enzyme is recovered, unchanged • *This image shows a breakdown into 2 products, but other transformations are also possible.

  9. Induced Fit Illustration

  10. Bibliography Carter, P. (Designer). (n.d.). Retrieved from http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/courses/bio225/chap05/lecture2.htm Down, S., Royal Society of Chemistry. October 2011. Retrieved online. Cofactor control of catalysis Enantioselectivity. http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2011/October/18101101.asp Marieb, E., & Hoehn, K. (2010). Organization of the Body. Human Anatomy and Physiology (Eighth ed., pp. 51-53). San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings. Nester, E. W., Anderson, D. G., & Roberts Jr., C. E., & Nester, M. (2009).  Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth. Microbiology: A Human Perspective (Seventh ed., pp. 136-138). New York: McGraw Hill. Porter, J. (Designer). Retrieved online from http://www.healthyhipchicksmacrobiotics.com/blog/2009/08/ Seager, S. L., & Slabaugh, M. R. (2011). Chemistry for Today: General, Organic and Biochemistry. (7 ed., pp. 612-627). Cengage. Simon, E., Reece, J., & Dickey, J. (2010). The Working Cell. Essential Biology (Fourth ed., pp. 80-82). San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings. Tortora, G.J., Berdell, R.F., Christine, L. C., Microbiology: An Introduction (Fifth Edition., 103-111.) Redwood city, CA: The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc. (n.d.). Classification of enzymes. [Web Graphic]. Retrieved from http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-iii/cellular-macromolecules/enzymes-classification.php (n.d.) Coupled Oxidation-reduction Reactions [Web Graphic] retrieved online from http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/coup_ox.htm (n.d.) Lactose Intolerance [Web Graphic] Retrieved online from http://www.food-info.net/uk/intol/lact.htm (n.d.) Types of Enzymes: Amylase Enzyme. 2006. Retrieved Online http://www.typesofenzymes.org/amylase_enzyme/amylase_enzyme.html

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