Industrial Revolution: Agriculture

1. Industrial Revolution:Agriculture By: Amelia Pike, Joey Longobardi, Stephan Sargenti, Nicholas Higgins, and Thomas Melvin

2. Industrial Revolution • Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes that occurred in the 18th and 19th Centuries.

3. Famous People • JethroTull invented the horse drawn seed drill, was used to plant seeds in straight rows. • Robert Blakewell invented stock breeding, this improved quality of animals to produce more meat, milk, and wool. • Cyrus McCormick invented the mechanical reaper, this made grain harvesting easier. JethroTull Cyrus McCormick

4. Advancements The Horse Drawn Sea Drill was perfected by JethroTull in 1701. The machine was designed to put seeds neatly in rows. This machine helped farmers plant their seeds quicker. Cotton Gin was invented by Eli Whitney in 1793. The cotton gin was made to separate the cottonseeds from the raw cotton. This machine Stock Breeding improved the quality of animals to produce more meat, milk and wool. The stockbreeding methods were introduced by Robert Bakewelland these methods transformed the quality of Britain’s cattle, horses, and sheep. Stock Breeding Horse Drawn Seed Drill Cotton Gin

5. Advancements Cont. Crop Rotation was started by Charles “Turnip” Townshend, a farmer who came up with a way to preserve destroying the soil by using different kinds of crops in a rotation. The crop rotation consisted of: wheat, turnips, oats, and clovers. Townshend’s system became a basic principle of modern farming. • Mechanical Reaper was a harvesting tool created by Cyrus McCormick, which made harvesting grain easier. It was introduced to other farmers in 1831.

6. Key Terms and Definitions • Factors of production- basic resources necessary for industrialization • Mechanization- use of automatic machinery to increase production • Mass production- the production of large quantities of a standardized article (often using assembly line techniques). • Corporation- Company or group of people that legally work as one person • Business cycle- a cycle of economic expansion and contraction • Free enterprise- of economic expansion and contraction • Enclosure movement- in the 1600s farmers started to close off their lands with fences

7. Key Terms and Definitions Cont. • Domestic system- a system where men and women work in their homes • Factory system-    a manufacturing method for a standardized product or products in which fixed capital, raw material, and labor operations are centralized and sophisticated machinery is often used • Industrial revolution- rapid development of industry in England in the late 17th and 18thcenturies • Crop rotation- where farmers alternated types of crops on their fields. • Factory system- Richard Arkwrite opened a spinning mill and put multiple workers in one place and they worked a certain amount of hours for a certain amount of money. 1784. • Bessemer process- a way of making steel where air was forces through molten iron to burn out impurities like carbon.

8. Predictions For Its Impact on Great Britain • Since inventors had invented new things for farming, inventions such as the mechanical reaper and the horse drawn seed drill would increase production time and quantity, which will result in a surplus of food. • This would allow Great Britain to trade more which could change their economic status. • Unemployed farmers would then move to cities to work in factories for higher pay. • Farmers would now able to produce more crops in a shorter time period.

9. Predictions For How it Will Spread and How it Will Impact Other Countries • People from different countries trading with Great Britain would see their ways of producing crops and clothes and take it back to where they are from and try and make similar things. • People from different places could buy factory equipment from Great Britain and make their own factories. • Other countries will start to use England’s new ideas and inventions in agriculture. • Farms all over the world will start using the new machines. • Eventually the entire world will industrialize the agriculture system.

10. Why is Our Topic the Most Important? • Agriculture is the most important because food and cotton were made from plants so without vegetables plants and stalks and cotton, people would starve and freeze because they wouldn’t have food nor clothing. • Agriculture is the most important because every living person needs food in order to live and agriculture produces that food. • If they didn’t have cotton being harvested, people would be cold because they wouldn’t have clothes.

11. Bibliography • http://www.saburchill.com/history/chapters/IR/images/091107007.jpg • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Cyrus_McCormick_engraving.png/220px-Cyrus_McCormick_engraving.png • http://www.riverdell.org/cms/lib05/NJ01001380/Centricity/Domain/84/Industrial%20Revolution%20Beginnings.pdf • http://score.rims.k12.ca.us/score_lessons/cotton_gin/images/image002.jpg • http://country.paraguay.com/images/photo_stockbreeding.jpg • http://images.wisconsinhistory.org/700003050025/0305000591-m.jpg • http://www.history.com/topics/industrial-revolution • http://my.hrw.com/tabnav/controller.jsp?isbn=0030937752 • http://ushistoryimages.com/images/mechanical-reaper/fullsize/mechanical-reaper-2.jpg • http://img.ehowcdn.com/article-new/ehow/images/a07/s6/n5/factories-beginning-industrial-revolution-800x800.jpg