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Immune Response

Immune Response. Nonspecific Immune Response. Inflammation Swelling, redness, pain, itching, warmth Histamines cause the blood vessels to spread open WBCs squeeze out of the bloodstream WBCs attack the pathogen. Nonspecific Immune Response. Fever

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Immune Response

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  1. Immune Response

  2. Nonspecific Immune Response • Inflammation • Swelling, redness, pain, itching, warmth • Histamines cause the blood vessels to spread open • WBCs squeeze out of the bloodstream • WBCs attack the pathogen

  3. Nonspecific Immune Response • Fever • Chemicals cause the hypothalamus to increase body temp • Stimulates interferon production • Prevents virus reproduction • Increases rate of WBC maturity

  4. Specific Immune Response • Body must be able to identify its own cells • Antigens: proteins markers on the surface of pathogens (uniforms) • Immunity: body produces memory cells to “remember” specific antigens

  5. Phagocyte engulfs the pathogen via phagocytosis phagocyte pathogen

  6. Antigens from the pathogen are displayed on cell membrane Antigen presenting phagocyte

  7. T cell binds to the antigen presenting cell. Protein activates T cell Antigen Presenting phagocyte T cell T cell

  8. T cell begins to divide into two types of cells: Memory T Cells Activated T Cells T cell Memory T Cells: used at a later date if the pathogen returns Activated T Cells: fight current pathogen T cell T cell T cell T cell T cell T cell T cell

  9. Activated T cells bind to infected body cells that show the proper antigens Infected body cell showing antigens Activated T Cells Memory T Cells T cell T cell T cell T cell T cell T cell T cell T cell

  10. Infected body cell bursts Infected body cell showing antigens T cell T cell Activated T Cells Memory T Cells T cell T cell T cell T cell T cell T cell

  11. Pathogen binds to the antibodies of a B-cell pathogen Inactivated B cell

  12. B-cell engulfs the pathogen pathogen Inactivated B cell

  13. Pathogen antigens displayed on cell membrane Inactivated B cell

  14. T-cell attaches to the antigens of the B-cell Inactivated B cell T cell

  15. B-cell becomes activated Inactivated B cell Activated B cell T cell

  16. B-cell divides into two types of cells: Memory B-cells Activated B-cells Activated B cell Activated B cell Activated B cell Activated B cell

  17. Activated B-cells produce and release thousands of antibodies each Memory B-cells: Reserve cells to be used at a later date if the pathogen returns Activated B-Cells: used to fight the current pathogen Activated B cell Activated B cell antibody antibody antibody Activated B cell Activated B cell antibody antibody antibody

  18. Activated B-cells produce and release thousands of antibodies each pathogen pathogen pathogen Memory B-cells: Reserve cells to be used at a later date if the pathogen returns Activated B-Cells: used to fight the current pathogen Activated B cell antibody antibody antibody Activated B cell antibody antibody antibody

  19. Antibodies bind to other pathogens of the same kind pathogen pathogen pathogen antibody antibody antibody antibody antibody antibody Activated B-Cells: used to fight the current pathogen Activated B cell Activated B cell

  20. Phagocytes eat the pathogen clump antibody antibody antibody antibody antibody antibody Activated B-Cells: used to fight the current pathogen PHAGOCYTE Activated B cell Activated B cell

  21. Vaccination • Prevents infections (not a cure) • Memory cells developed without actually getting the disease • Vaccine • Contains antigens of a pathogen • Weakened pathogen is injected • Stimulates the production of memory cells • Speeds up immune response if you encounter the unweakened virus

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