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Transformations in Europe 1500-1750

Transformations in Europe 1500-1750. Chapter 16. Culture and Ideas. LEQ How did the interplay of traditional beliefs and revolutionary ideas influence the cultural history of early modern Europe? Vocabulary Papacy Indulgences Reformation. Early Reformation.

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Transformations in Europe 1500-1750

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  1. Transformations in Europe1500-1750 Chapter 16

  2. Culture and Ideas • LEQ • How did the interplay of traditional beliefs and revolutionary ideas influence the cultural history of early modern Europe? • Vocabulary • Papacy • Indulgences • Reformation

  3. Early Reformation • Protests against the Catholic Church • Martin Luther = Protestant Religion • 95 Thesis • John Calvin = Calvinism • Counter Reformation

  4. Scientific Revolution Use science to reinforce religion Church leaders viewed new ideas as challenges to religious teachings Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler, Galilei, Descartes, Boyle, Newton

  5. Early Enlightenment New scientific ideas + Religious conflict between Catholics & Protestant = calls for social changes Political leaders looked to gain power Questioned the authority, wealth, power of church

  6. Social & Economic Life • LEQ • What factors contributed to the wealth of some Europeans and the great poverty of others from 1500-1750? • Vocabulary • Bourgeoisie • Gentry

  7. Bourgeoisie • Urban wealth came largely from foreign trade • Wealthy commoners dominated economy • Transatlantic trade increased a nations wealth • Netherlands • Amsterdam Exchange • Dutch East & West India Companies

  8. Peasants & Laborers • Warfare, environmental degradation, and economic contractions • Little Ice Age • Coal Production • Pervasive poverty • Led to Rebellion *Prices of wheat expressed in Dutch guilders per 100 kg. in various countries vs. time.

  9. Women & Family Status tied to husband Choose spouse or arranged marriage? Delayed marriage

  10. Political Innovations • LEQ • How did differing policies in the areas of religion, foreign relations, and economics determine the very different experiences of early modern European states? • Vocabulary • Holy Roman Empire • English Civil War

  11. Development of States Western Europe monarchs helped develop national identities Habsburg’s Ottoman Empire German Unification Spanish Expansion

  12. Warfare Thirty-Years War Depopulation and economic decline Size of Army v. Navy Formation of alliances National debt, taxation

  13. Horrible Histories - English Monarchs

  14. England & France • 1642 – English Civil War • King executed • Led to religious conflict • Glorious Revolution • English Bill or Rights • King Louis XIV • Worked with nobility and civil authority • Absolute Monarch

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