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Chapter 9

Chapter 9. The Great Depression and WWII. From Prosperity to Depression. During the 1920s there was an increase in production of manufactured goods due to assembly lines Many African-Americans move north to work Stock Market crash on October 24, 1929

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Chapter 9

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  1. Chapter 9 The Great Depression and WWII

  2. From Prosperity to Depression • During the 1920s there was an increase in production of manufactured goods due to assembly lines • Many African-Americans move north to work • Stock Market crash on October 24, 1929 • Many people lose jobs, Blacks are first to go

  3. Effects of the Great Depression • North: • Economy based on manufacturing • Legal to keep Whites over Blacks • High Unemployment rates • South • Economy based in agriculture • Many farmers lost land • Low wages; threat of starvation

  4. New Deal Brings Relief • African-Americans become more active in politics • Party affiliations change from Republican to Democrat • Roosevelt administration sympathetic to black plight (Black Plight) • Mary McLeod Bethune- member of the “Black Cabinet” • A. Phillip Randolph- Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters

  5. African-Americans Do Their Part in WWII • About 1 Million African-Americans served in WWII • Military remained segregated for the most part • Benjamin O. Davis- became the 1st African-American general in the Army • Dorie Miller- Cook turned hero, Navy Cross • The Tuskegee Airmen were a division of the Army Air Corps • African-American women pushed barriers in the Army and Navy Nurse Corps

  6. Blacks on the Home Front • Blacks helped on the home front by • Working • Office of Civilian Defense • Victory Gardens • However, Blacks still faced much discrimination at home • Race riots in Harlem, Detroit, and Los Angeles

  7. Social and Cultural Changes • Returning from War • GI Bill enacted to aid returning WWII soldiers • Black college enrollment increases • UNCF founded in 1944 • President Truman issues executive order in effort to end segregation in the military in 1948 • Slow process and didn’t officially end until 1954

  8. Social and Cultural Changes • African-Americans in the Arts • African-Americans become more prominent in the Arts • Swing Era- Duke Ellington, Billie Holiday, Louis Armstrong, Count Basie • Paul Robeson- actor • Hattie McDaniel (1st African-American to win an Oscar as “Mammy” in Gone With the Wind) • Lena Horne- won acclaim for challenging stereotypical portrayals of Blacks in film (MGM) • Literature- Richard Wright, Ralph Ellison, Gwendolyn Brooks

  9. Social and Cultural Changes • The Push for Equality • Prominent Blacks use their recognition to get acceptance for African-Americans throughout the country • Athletes such as Jesse Owens and Joe Louis win acclaim for their efforts • Marian Anderson performs outside Lincoln Memorial after being denied permission by the DAR to perform at Constitutional Hall (invited by Eleanor Roosevelt)

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