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Why economic valuation of Hima can be useful

Why economic valuation of Hima can be useful. Richard Thomas ELD Scientific Coordinator at United Nations University-Institute for Water, Health & Environment.

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Why economic valuation of Hima can be useful

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  1. Why economic valuation of Hima can be useful Richard Thomas ELD Scientific Coordinator at United Nations University-Institute for Water, Health & Environment

  2. ChallengeHow to:1. Encourage investments in Hima-type systems for rangelands2. Value rangelands properly3. Devise schemes to reward improvement & maintenance of Ecosystem Services

  3. Categorisation of ecosystems services:Millennium Ecosystem Assessment framework The economic value of an ecosystem is the sum of economic values derived from individual services flows • Provisioning services, e.g. food, timber and freshwater supply • Regulating services, e.g. pollution reduction, water flow regulation • Cultural services, e.g. aesthetic and spiritual values • Supporting services, e.g. soil formation and nutrient cycling*

  4. Total Economic Value of Land And Land-based Services Use Value Non-use Value Direct Use Value Indirect Use Value Option Value Existence Value Bequest Value Stewardship Value Food, fibres and timber production (provisioning); Carbon storage (regulating); Tourism, recreational hunting (cultural) Pollination (provisioning); Watershed protection, flood attenuation, pollution assimilation (regulating and cultural); Nutrient cycling, micro-climate (supporting) Premium from use of biodiversity resources by pharmaceutical industry in the future (provisioning); Area that becomes of recreational value (cultural); Area used for waste recycling (regulating) Biodiversity hotspot, symbolic species, eg blue whale, tiger, panda, mountain gorillas (cultural) Land passed onto our children (cultural) Land maintained in good working conditionsfor both humans and their surrounding ecosystems

  5. State of knowledge: Ecosystems Number of resources For each ecosystem, there is at least one study that can act as a starting point

  6. Benefits of investing in Ecosystem restoration Source: de Groot et al 2013 Mean TEV of grasslands = $2871/ha

  7. Rangelands contribute to global issues • Climate change • Desertification – loss of productivity • Wind erosion and sand storms • Biodiversity • Water regulation & storage

  8. Technical options for preventing degradation & restoring rangelands • Controlled grazing via improved integrated range-livestock systems • Water & erosion control • Soil fertility improvement • Plant introductions and seeding (Cactus, Atriplex, Buffel grass, Salsola, Halaxyon) • Reforestation

  9. HunshandakeSandland Project, China Replacing ruminants with chickens • the Inner Mongolia Government agreed to provide an amount of 100 million CHY (16 million US) to study the scientific and social key problems in an eco-husbandry region • Meanwhile, CAS has approved a project amounted 9 million CHY (1.4 million US) to explore the technological issues in limiting the construction of the largest Eco-husbandry Industry Special Region

  10. Challenges • Land tenure & access • Schemes that fit the local financial (opportunity costs), production & risk management strategies • Institutional issues for collective rangeland management • Reduced search & negotiation, monitoring & enforcement costs

  11. Conclusions • A TEV approach can raise awareness & investment in Hima • Success stories in participatory management • Rangelands can contribute to solutions of local to global problems • Himas can act as innovation platforms for ecological sustainability, social fairness and economic growth

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