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Chapter 1 Review

Chapter 1 Review. Scientific Skills. Observing – Using 1 or more of your senses to gather information. Qualitative – describes without numbers Quantitative – describes using numbers Inferring – explaining your observations based on prior knowledge

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Chapter 1 Review

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  1. Chapter 1 Review

  2. Scientific Skills • Observing – Using 1 or more of your senses to gather information. Qualitative – describes without numbers Quantitative – describes using numbers • Inferring – explaining your observations based on prior knowledge • Predicting – type of inference that has to do with the FUTURE • Classifying – grouping together items that are alike in some way • Making Models – a physical representation of an object or idea

  3. Review • Counting the number of red shirts on the spaceship is an example of this type of observation. • Quantitative • WhenRobert tasted the lemonade he noticed that it was too sour. What scientific skill was he using? • Observing

  4. When you create a representation of the solar system you are ________________. Making a model This type of model is not to scale because __________________________. It does not represent an accurate proportion

  5. The top drawer of Lydia’s dresser drawer is where she keeps all of her socks. This is an example of ________________. Classifying We finished reading our chapter in science today. I ___________________ will have a test soon. Predict

  6. Name the Types of Observation • There are 500 ants crawling across the picnic table. Quantitative That one ant is very small. Qualitative

  7. Shanni brought cupcakes to school today. I can ____________ that today is her birthday. • Infer

  8. Scientific Inquiry • Hypothesis – possible answer based on knowledge, NOT a question, must be testable • A hypothesis is testable if you can gather data, experiment, and prove or disprove it. • Variable – something you can change in an experiment • Manipulated Variable – the 1variable you change in an experiment • Responding Variable – a measurable “result” caused by the manipulated variable • Data – facts, figures, evidence gathered through observations

  9. Review • Sandra observed that 25 cm of rain fell in a 24 hr. period. At times the rain came down very heavily and other times it only sprinkled. The information gathered is considered ________. Data In my plant experiment there are several things I can change (soil, type of liquid, location, etc.) these are all examples of _______________. Variables

  10. How many variables should I change at one time? 1 The one variable I change is called the _________________. Manipulated Variable In John’s experiment he wants to find out what type of shoes will help him run the fastest. Is this an example of a good hypothesis? Will Nike Cross Trainers be the best shoe for running fast? Please explain your answer. No. A hypothesis is NEVER a question.

  11. I gave coffee to one of my plants in my experiment. That plant grew 20 cm. This result is a called a ________________ variable. • Responding

  12. Measurement • Length – SI unit – Meter (m) Common – Centimeter (cm) Tools – metric ruler, meter stick • Weight – SI unit – Newton (N) Common – Pound (lb) Tools – Scale • Mass – SI unit – Kilogram (kg) Common – gram (g) Tool - Balance

  13. Volume – SI Unit – Cubic Meter (m^3) Common – Cubic Centimeter (cm^3) Tools- Metric ruler, graduated cylinder Formula- V = L x W x H • Density – SI Unit – Kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m^3) Common – grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm^3) Tools – Balance and Metric Ruler or Graduated Cylinder Formula – D = M/V

  14. Time – SI Unit - Second (s) Common – Minute (min), Hour (hr) Tool – Stopwatch • Temperature – SI Unit –Kelvin (K) Common – Celsius (C) Tool - Thermometer

  15. Difference between mass and weight – gravity Weight is the force of gravity on your mass • Meniscus – the curved upper surface of a liquid in a column of liquid (graduated cylinder)

  16. Review • Name the common unit of measurement and abbreviation of temperature. • Celsius (C) • Name the SI unit and abbreviation of length. • Meter (m) • What is the correct formula for volume? • V = L X W X H • What tools would you use to measure density? • Balance and metric ruler or graduated cylinder

  17. The volume on an object is 15 cm^3 and its mass is 45 g, what is its density? • 3 g/cm^3 • What is the one word that defines the difference between mass and weight? • Gravity • Every mathematical calculation in science will include a number and _______________. • A unit of measurement • The bubble at the top of a column of liquid is called the _____________. • Meniscus

  18. Estimate – a reasonable guess, used when we cannot find the exact number • Accuracy – how close you are to the correct answer – Bullseye! • Reproducibility – repetition of a result - may or may not be accurate • It is important to have both accuracy and reproducibility

  19. Significant Figures Need to know this MuyImportante • Includes all of the digits measured exactly plus one that has been estimated • Precision – exactness of a measurement

  20. Adding/Subtracting – DECIMALS!!!!!!!!!! Find the number with the least amount of decimals places. That is how many decimals places your answer should have. Then add or subtract normally. 16.7 g + 2.895 g19.595 g 19.6 g

  21. Multiplying/Dividing - Digits!!!!!!!!!! Find the number with the least number of digits (significant figures). Your answer should have the same amount. Multiply or divide normally. 2.23 mL X .5 mL 1.115 mL 1 mL

  22. Review • Solve the following problem using the correct significant figures - 123.79 cm+10.826 cm • 134.62 cm • Solve the following problem using the correct significant figures – 29.36 g X 1.7 g • 50 g^2

  23. Graphs in Science • Line Graphs show how much responding variable (y) changes in response to manipulated variable (x)

  24. Steps to Make a Graph • Draw axes horizontal = x – manipulated variable vertical = y – responding variable • Label the axes – WITH UNIT OF MEASUREMENT! • Create an accurate scale – look at the range of data and plan accordingly. Must have equally spaced intervals. • Plot the Data • Draw line of best fit – if necessary, otherwise connect plot points • Add a title

  25. Bonus Question!!!! • What three things must you have in every science class? • Calculator, metric ruler, and graph paper

  26. Bonus Question!!!!!! • What does each letter in STEM stand for? S = Science T = Technology E = Engineering M = Mathematics

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