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Population Dynamics

Population Dynamics. The student will investigate and understand dynamic equilibria within populations, communities, and ecosystems. Key concepts include: interactions within and among populations including carrying capacities, limiting factors, and growth curves;. Population Dynamics.

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Population Dynamics

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  1. Population Dynamics

  2. The student will investigate and understand dynamic equilibria within populations, communities, and ecosystems. • Key concepts include: • interactions within and among populations including carrying capacities, limiting factors, and growth curves;

  3. Population Dynamics Population: all the individuals of a species that live together in an area Demography: the statistical study of populations, make predictions about how a population will change

  4. Population Dynamics • Three Key Features of Populations • Size • Density • Dispersion • (clumped, even/uniform, random)

  5. Three Key Features of Populations 1. Size: number of individuals in an area

  6. Three Key Features of Populations Growth Rate: Birth Rate (natality) - Death Rate (mortality) How many individuals are born vs. how many die Birth rate (b) − death rate (d) = rate of natural increase (r).

  7. 2nd period begin here.

  8. POST-REPRODUCTIVE REPRODUCTIVE PRE-REPRODUCTIVE

  9. Population of a Stable Country

  10. Reading Population Pyramids: Short Video Clip PBR – youtube Deciphering Population Pyramids (@ 7 mins.)

  11. 1stperiod begin here

  12. You decide!

  13. Three Key Features of Populations 2. Density: measurement of population per unit area or unit volume Formula: Dp= N Pop. Density = # of individuals ÷ unit of space S

  14. 4 Factors that affect density 1. Immigration- movement of individuals into a population 2. Emigration- movement of individuals out of a population

  15. 4 Factors that affect density 3. Density-dependent factors-Biotic factors in the environment that have an increasing effect as population size increases Ex. disease competition parasites

  16. 4 Factors that affect density 4. Density-independent factors-Abiotic factors in the environment that affect populations regardless of their density Ex. temperature storms habitat destruction drought

  17. Factors That Affect Future Population Growth Immigration + + - Population Mortality Natality - Emigration

  18. pu • In one city the population of pigeons is 2565. In the last year 825 have been killed or dies. 220 have been born. 80 have immigrated in from a nearby city, and only 15 have left. A population of

  19. Population Growth = (immigration + natality) – (emmigration + mortality) • Pop. Growth = (220 + 80) – (825 +15) • Pop. Growth = + 300 – 840 • Pop. Growth = - 540 • What is the population now? • Initial Pop – Pop. Growth • 2565 – 540 = 2025

  20. Three Key Features of Populations • 3. Dispersion:describes their spacing relative to each other • clumped • even or uniform • random

  21. clumped even (uniform) random

  22. Population Dispersion

  23. Other factors that affect population growth Limiting factor-any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence of organisms in a specific environment. • EX.- Amount of water Amount of food Temperature

  24. Limiting Factor- Zone of Tolerance Few organisms present None Few organisms present None Many organisms present

  25. Other factors that affect population growth Carrying Capacity-the maximum population size that can be supported by the available resources There can only be as many organisms as the environmental resources can support

  26. Nu m b e r J-shaped curve (exponential growth) Carrying Capacity Carrying Capacity (k) S-shaped curve (logistic growth) Time

  27. How do we count populations? • Count (Census) • Sampling • Capture, Mark, Recapture • Lab Activity – Fish- Estimating Population Size • Random Sampling (plot) • Sunflowers

  28. 2 Life History Patterns • 1. R Strategists • short life span • small body size • reproduce quickly • have many young • little parental care • Ex: cockroaches, weeds, bacteria

  29. 2 Life History Patterns • 2. K Strategists • long life span • large body size • reproduce slowly • have few young • provides parental care • Ex: humans, elephants

  30. Start here 2nd period

  31. Human Population Growth

  32. Start here on Monday Another graphic representation: Human Population Growth 1AD to present : World Population youtube.com Hyperlink – If hyperlink does not work Ecology/ Pop. Ecology – World Pop. (Real Player)

  33. Human Population Growth

  34. Time unit Births Deaths Natural increase Year 130,013,274 56,130,242 73,883,032 Month 10,834,440 4,677,520 6,156,919 Day 356,201 153,781 202,419 Hour 14,842 6,408 8,434 Minute 247 107 141 Second 4.1 1.8 2.3

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