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Week #9 File Services

Week #9 File Services. DFS Overview Configuring DFS Namespaces Configuring DFS Replication Windows Server 2008 Storage Management Overview Managing Storage Using File Server Resource Manager Configuring Quota Management Implementing File Screening Managing Storage Reports.

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Week #9 File Services

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  1. Week #9 File Services • DFS Overview • Configuring DFS Namespaces • Configuring DFS Replication • Windows Server 2008 Storage Management Overview • Managing Storage Using File Server Resource Manager • Configuring Quota Management • Implementing File Screening • Managing Storage Reports

  2. What Is the Distributed File System? The Distributed File System incorporates technologies that provide fault-tolerant access to geographically dispersed files DFS technologies include: • DFS Namespaces - provide a virtual view of shared folders located on different servers • DFS Replication - provides high-availability and fault-tolerance to files and folders • Remote Differential Compression - provides a compression technology that is optimized for data transfers over limited-bandwidth networks

  3. How DFS Namespaces and DFS Replication Work 2 1 1 2 User types: \\contoso.com\marketing Client computers contact a namespace server and receive a referral 1 Client computers cache the referral and then contact the first server in the referral 2 User in New York Server in New York \\Contoso.com\Marketing DFS Replication \\NYC-SRV-01\ProjectDocs Folder Targets \\LON-SRV-01\ProjectDocs Namespace User in London Server in London

  4. DFS Scenarios

  5. Types of DFS Namespaces

  6. What Are Folders and Folder Targets? Namespace Folder Targets Namespace Server \\LDN-SRV-01\Tools London Namespace Root \\Contoso\Public \\NYC-SRV-01\Tools New York Folder Software Tools Folders with Targets \\NYC-SRV-02\Training New York Training Guides Folder targets include: Folders: • Are the primary elements of a namespace • Have at least one folder target • Shared folders (\\server\share) • Folders in a shared folder (\\server\share\folder) • A path to another namespace (\\domainname\rootname)

  7. Namespace Server Requirements A namespace server is: • A domain controller or member server • Windows Server™2003 or Windows Server°2008 Namespace server considerations: • Must contain an NTFS volume to host the namespace • Must be in the same domain if the namespace is domain-based • Cannot be a clustered resource if the namespace is domain-based

  8. Deploying Namespaces for Publishing Content To configure a namespace for publishing content: Create a namespace 1 Create a folder in the namespace 2 Add folder targets 3 Set the ordering method for targets in referrals 4 Optional tasks: Set target priority to override referral ordering 5 Enable client failback 6 Replicate folder targets using DFS-R 7 You may also need to delegate the ability to create and manage namespaces

  9. Security Requirements for Creating and Managing a Namespace

  10. Increasing Availability of a Namespace Domain-based namespace: • Specify additional namespace servers Stand-alone namespace: • Create a stand-alone namespace as a cluster resource Folders: • Specify additional folder targets • Replicate folders using DFS Replication

  11. What Is DFS Replication? DFS-R is a multimaster replication engine that supports replication scheduling and bandwidth throttling • Uses remote differential compression to efficiently update files over a limited-bandwidth network • Detects changes on the volume by monitoring the USN journal • Uses a staging folder to stage a file before sending and receiving it • Uses a version vector exchange protocol to determine what files need to be synchronized • Uses a conflict resolution heuristic of “last writer wins” for files that are in conflict and “earliest creator wins” for name conflicts • Is self-healing and can automatically recover from failure

  12. What Are Replication Groups and Replicated Folders? Projects Proposals • Replication Group • A set of servers, known as members, that participate in replicating one or more replicated folders • Can be configured for multipurpose or data collection purposes • Replicated Folder • A folder that is kept synchronized on each member Replication Group Connection Projects\Spec.doc Member Proposals\Budget.xls Projects Replicated Folders Proposals

  13. DFS Replication Requirements DFS-R Requirements include: • The Active Directory schema must include the DFS replication objects • Servers must be Windows Server°2003 R2 or Windows Server °2008, and must have the DFS replication service installed • Servers in a replication group must be in the same forest • Replicated folders must be stored on NTFS volumes • On server clusters, replicated folders must be located in the node’s local storage • Antivirus software must be compatible with DFS Replication

  14. Scalability Considerations for DFS Replication Scalability considerations include: • Each server can be a member of up to 256 replication groups • Each replication group can contain up to 256 replicated folders • Each server can have up to 256 connections • The number of replication groups multiplied by the number of replicated folders multiplied by the number of simultaneously active connections must be kept to 1024 or fewer • A replication group can contain up to 256 members • A volume can contain up to 8 million replicated files, and a server can contain up to 1 terabyte of replicated files • The maximum tested file size is 64 gigabytes

  15. Process for Deploying a Multipurpose Replication Group Select the type of replication group to create 1 Specify the name and domain 2 Add the replication group members 3 Specify a topology 4 Specify the replication group schedule and bandwidth 5 Specify the primary member 6 Specify the folders to replicate and the local path on member servers 7

  16. Understanding the Initial Replication Process Replication of DFS Replication settings 1 The primary member starts replication 2 Files are moved to DfsrPrivate\PreExisting 3 Files are compared and replicated 4 Primary member designation is removed 5

  17. Generating Diagnostic Reports and Propagation Tests Use the Diagnostic Report Wizard to: • Create a health report • Start a propagation test • Create a propagation report

  18. Capacity and Storage Management Challenges Capacity management challenges include: • Determining existing storage capacity and usage trendsacross the organization • Determining whether usage effectively supportsorganizational goals • Defining and implementing storage policies • Adjusting the policies as capacity needs grow, and asorganizational needs change Storage management challenges include: • Rapid growth in storage requirements from 60 to 100% /yr • Mission-critical data must be available continuously • Organizations must comply with the latest regulatory requirements • The number of storage-intensive applications on the market has increased

  19. Addressing Capacity and Storage Management Challenges Consider the following to help address capacity and storage management challenges: • Analyze how storage is being used • Define storage resource management policies • Implement policies to attempt to slow storage growth • Acquire tools to implement policies

  20. What Is File Server Resource Manager? Monitors usage patterns and utilization levels Capacity Management Restricts unauthorized files (file screening) Policy Management Provides extensive storage reports Reports File Server Resource Manager is a File Services role that integrates:

  21. FSRM Functions Using FSRM, you can perform the following tasks: • Create quotas to limit the space allowed for a volumeor folder • Have quotas automatically generated • Create file screens • Monitor attempts to save unauthorized files • Define quota and file screening templates • Generate scheduled or on-demand storage reports

  22. FSRM Console Components

  23. FSRM Configuration Options FSRM configuration options include: • Configuring e-mail notifications • Configuring the default parameters for storage reports • Changing report repository locations • Configuring file screen audit

  24. What Is Quota Management? Limiting storage space via a hard or soft quota and generating notifications when the limits are approachedor exceeded Notification thresholds can be configured to: • Send e-mail notifications • Log an event • Run a command or script • Generate storage reports

  25. FSRM Quotas vs. NTFS Disk Quotas

  26. What Are Quota Templates? A quota template defines: • A space limit • The type of quota (hard or soft quota) • A set of notifications to be generated when the quota limit is approached A number of default Quota Templates are provided in the Quota Management node of FSRM

  27. Creating and Modifying a Quota When creating a quota, options include: • Create quota on path • Auto apply template and create quotas on existing and new subfolders Modify a quota by: • Updating quotas by editing a quota template • Editing an auto quota • Updating individual quotas listed in the details pane Dirquota {Quota | Autoquota | Template | Admin}

  28. Monitoring Quota Usage You can monitor quota usage by: • Viewing quota information • Generating a Quota Usage report • Creating soft quotas Quotas typically have an I/O performance overhead of 10 percent or less

  29. What Is File Screening? Provides a flexible method to control the types of files that are saved on company servers The File Screening Management node allows you to: • Create file screens • Define file screen templates • Create file screen exceptions • Create file groups

  30. What Are File Groups? Used to define a namespace for a file screen, file screen exception, or storage report A file group consists of a set of file name patterns, which are grouped into: • Files to include • Files to exclude

  31. What Is a File Screen Exception? A file screen exception overrides any file screen that would otherwise apply to a folder and all its subfolders in a designated exception path

  32. What Is a File Screen Template? A file screen template defines: • Which file groups to block • The type of screening to perform • A set of notifications to be generated

  33. What Are Storage Reports? Storage reports provide information about file usage on a file server Types of storage reports include: • Large Files • Files by Owner • Files by File Group • Duplicate Files • Least Recently Used Files • Most Recently Used Files • Quota Usage • File Screening Audit

  34. What Is a Report Task? You can schedule reports by creating a Report Task A report task specifies: • The volumes and folders to report on • Which reports to generate • What parameters to use • How often to generate the reports • Which file formats to save the reports in

  35. Generating On-Demand Reports Use the Generate Reports Now action to open Storage Reports Task Properties and select desired reports

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