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Earthquakes and Volcanoes A Rocky Relationship

Earthquakes and Volcanoes A Rocky Relationship. Earthquakes. Earthquakes. earthquake. An __________ is the shaking and trembling that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth’s surface. Moving plates squeeze and pull the crust Earthquake video (3 min) Stress: Shearing Tension

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Earthquakes and Volcanoes A Rocky Relationship

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  1. Earthquakes and VolcanoesA Rocky Relationship

  2. Earthquakes

  3. Earthquakes earthquake • An __________ is the shaking and trembling that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth’s surface. • Moving plates squeeze and pull the crust • Earthquake video (3 min) • Stress: • Shearing • Tension • Compression

  4. Vocabulary Check • Deformation: any change in volume or shape to Earth’s crust • Fault: a break in the crust where slabs of crust slip past each other

  5. Shearing • Stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions • Shearing creates _________ faults. • Ex: San Andreas fault NORTH AMERICAN PLATE PACIFIC PLATE strike-slip

  6. Tension • Stress that pulls on the crust, stretching rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle • Tension causes _______ faults. • Rio Grande rift valley in New Mexico normal

  7. Tension • The red line marks equivalent layers on opposite side of the fault. HANGING WALL FOOT WALL

  8. Compression • Stress force that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks. • Produce _______faults. • Rocky mountains in Montana reverse

  9. Compression • You can tell by the rock layers that the footwall has sunk below the hanging wall. HANGING WALL FOOT WALL

  10. Parts of an Earthquake The epicenter is the point on the surface directly above the focus. The focus is the point beneath the surface where the rock under stress breaks and causes an earthquake.

  11. Seismic Waves • During an earthquake seismic waves race out from the focus in all directions. • Seismic waves carry the energy of an earthquake: • - away from the focus • through the interior • across the surface

  12. Measuring Earthquakes • A __________ records the ground movements caused by seismic waves. • Magnitude: measurement of earthquake strength based on seismic waves and movement at faults • Mercali, Richter, Moment Magnitude • Seismology video (3 min) seismograph

  13. Earthquake Hazards • Damage/ destroy buildings and bridges • Topple utility poles • Fracture gas and water mains • Liquefaction • Tsunamis (6 min) • Aftershocks (1 min) • Earthquake Safety (2 min)

  14. EARTHQUAKE VIDEO (20 MIN)

  15. Volcanoes

  16. Volcanoes • A weak spot in the crust where molten material, or ______, comes the surface. • Volcanoes form: • at plate _________. • underwater at: • Diverging plate boundaries • Subduction zones • Converging boundaries magma boundaries

  17. What about the volcanoes that aren’t at plate boundaries? • The ___________is a major volcanic belt around the Pacific Ocean. Ring of Fire

  18. Hot Spot Volcanoes hot spot • A _______ is an area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust. • As plates drift over the hot spot in earth’s crust, a series of islands can form, like the ________Islands in the Pacific. • Yellowstone National Park (4 min) • Hawaiian Islands (2 min) Hawaiian

  19. Once it reaches the surface, the pressure is released with the lava and gases in a quiet or loud explosion. Magma carries gases up with it, and it is under extreme pressure. Liquid magma is less dense than the rock that surrounds it, so it flows up through the cracks…

  20. Stages of a Volcano • Active (live) • Erupting or may erupt in the near future • Dormant (sleeping) • Will erupt again, but may be a very long time • Extinct (dead) • Unlikely to erupt again

  21. Can it happen here? • Why are volcanic eruptions unlikely in GA? • Why are so many volcanoes located in the western part of the U.S.?

  22. VOLCANO VIDEO (27 MIN) THE MAGIC SCHOOL BUS BLOWS ITS TOP VIDEO (24 MIN)

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