Dipl.-Ing. Wolfgang Prahl PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GmbH PL Kätnerweg 13 b D-22393 Hamburg

1. STREETLIGHTING MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION OPERATION Dipl.-Ing. Wolfgang Prahl PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GmbH PL Kätnerweg 13 b D-22393 Hamburg Tel: +49 40 640 32 76 Fax: +49 40 637 08 641 E-Mail: licht@wwwprahl.de http: //www.licht.wwwprahl.de

2. Trends in operating streetlighting Source: Philips lighting

3. Illumination by daylight and road luminance Road luminance = 2 cd / m2

4. Dawn Average dawn process at 48,8O northern latitude Source: LiTG

5. Switching on with twilight switch 1 Lighting plant on off Control signal Dawn switch Response value Switch on value Switch on value of street lighting Desired value Source: LiTG

6. Switching off with twilight switch 2 on off Lighting plant Control signal Dawn switch Switch off value of street lighting = desired value Switch off value Response value Source: LiTG

7. Obstruction by buildings 1 Source: LiTG

8. Obstruction by buildings 2 Standard road layer R 3 single sided sheeting Illuminance / lx Standard road layer R 3 two sided sheeting Illuminance / lx Sheeting heigth angle a spacious urban sheeting v. unfavor- able urban sheeting normal urban sheeting narrow urban sheeting no obstruction Source: LiTG

9. Starting time Source: LiTG

10. Response values for switching with twilight switches Source: LiTG

11. Tolerances for twilight switches Source: LiTG

12. Circuit examples A, B Light sensor Light sensor Twilight switch with delay time Twilight switch with delay time Switching unit of street lighting plant1 Switching unit of street lighting plant2 Switching unit of street lighting plant A B Source: LiTG

13. Circuit example C Light sensor 2 Light sensor 1 Twilight switch 1 with delay time Twilight switch 2 with delay time Programmable multi-function relay Failure report Switching unit of street lighting plant C Source: LiTG

14. Circuit example D Light sensor 3 Light sensor 1 Light sensor 2 Illuminance evaluation unit with time delay components Documentation/ failure report Switching unit of street lighting plant 1 plant 2 plant 3 D Source: LiTG

15. Circuit example E Light sensor Twilight switch with delay time astronomical yearly time switch Programmable multi-function relay Failure report Switching unit of street lighting plant E Source: LiTG

16. Switching system Plant in action Plant in action Delayed switching points Plant „OFF“ Plant „ON“ Source: LiTG

17. Possibilities for power recuction with „Half night circuit“ Source: LiTG

18. Power reduction by „1 of 2“ lamps Source: LiTG

19. Power reduction with tapped choke Source: LiTG

20. Power reduction with additional choke Source: LiTG

21. Evaluation of Power reduction 1 Source: LiTG

22. Evaluation of Power reduction 2 Average dawn process at 48,8O northern latitude Minutes Source: LiTG

23. Evaluation of Power reduction 3 Average dawn process at 48,8O northern latitude on off Source: LiTG

24. Evaluation of Power reduction 4 Additional costs / savings of Change = Change of operation hours x electrical connected load x energy price Source: LiTG

25. Operation of lamps: Interruption of neutral conductor

26. Offer for complete service • Customer oriented solutions • Clear definitions of quality standards • Transparent catalogue of services and prices • Qualified personnel • Competent partner • Treatment about additional duties and cooperation Streetlighting services Source: VDN

27. Billing Budget-planning Pursuit of requirementt for damages Material afministratio, Disposal Basic planning Basic projects Controlling Quality control Cleaning Consultancy for officials Maintenance Economical tasks Planning, Project design Protection against corrosion Extraordinary projects Inspection Lamp exchange Task sections Lighting control Maintenance Disturbance service Operational control Energy Damage by known subjects Maintenance control Repair Management Operation Reserve supply Damage by unknown subjects Documentation IT Investment Improvement Operation diary Trouble shooting Inventory Extraordinary measures Construction controll Construction System-optimizing Plan collection Exchange Damages Replacing Temporary measures Extraordinyry lighting Modification Reconstruction Renovation New Construction Streetlighting services: Task survey Source: VDN

28. Sections Energy Operation Management Investment Streetlighting services: Task sections Source: VDN

29. Streetlighting services: Task section management Source: VDN

30. Streetlighting services: Task section investment Source: VDN

31. Streetlighting services: Task section operation Source: VDN

32. Long term projectable services i.e. maintenance, inspection, renovation, economical tasks, operational control, documentation • In part projectable services i.e. repair, projecting, constructing, system optimizing • Not projectable services i.e. trouble shooting, pursuit of requirements for damages, special lighting plants, temporary plants Streetlighting services: Cost planning Quelle: VDN

33. Long term projectable services lump-sum for a year • In part projectable services time and effort, description of services, payment for services • Not projectable services lump-sum for individual casses, • lump-sum for individual actions time and effort Streetlighting services: Pricing Source: VDN

34. Sustainable value of the lighting plant • Fixed quality of construction and operation • No need for special qualified personnel • Minimum of effort for control and coordination • No storage of material and spare parts • Use of the service departments of the energy supplier • High operational security • Consequent observation of energy consumption • Optimizing of concept for plant and operation • Cost stability • Flexibility for customer demands Streetlighting services: Advantages for the customer Source: VDN