Part 2: The Formation of Classical Societies, 500 B.C.E. to 500 C.E.

1. Part 2: The Formation of Classical Societies, 500 B.C.E. to 500 C.E.

2. 1. During the time of the Aryans the Indians political landscape had been characterized by • a series of small kingdoms

3. 2. In 124 B.C.E. Han Wudi transformed China by • establishing an imperial university

4. 3. The Han philosophy of rule was • a continuation of Qin policies with a return of Confucian values

5. 4. The dividing line between the Early Han and the later Han is marked by • the rule of Wang Mang

6. 5. All of the following were policies of Qin Shihuangdi’s rule EXCEPT • support of traditional learning

7. 6. The first ruler to unite all of China was • Shihuangdi

8. 7. Shang Yang and Han Feizi hoped to control China’s subjects by • clear and strict laws

9. 8. The Chinese concept filial piety, which was central to the family structure, was best expressed by the concept of • xiao

10. 9. The Daoist thinkers spoke of wuwei, which stood for • disengagement from the affairs of the world

11. 10. Which group posed the greatest military threat to the Han? • Xiongu

12. 11. The philosophy of Confucious • formed a thoroughly practical and secular approach to life

13. 12. The Qin and Han dynasties • went further than the Persian emperors in their efforts to foster cultural unity

14. 13. The major early turning point in the rise of the Persian empire was the • victory of Cyrus over Lydia

15. 14. Which of the following lists of Persian empires is correct chronologically? • Achaemenids, Seleucids, Parthians, Sasanids

16. 15. The Medes and Persian were originally • Indo-European tribes

17. 16. Darius adopted the idea of a standardized government-issued coinage from the • Lydians

18. 17. In 325 C.E., the Council of Nicaea • decided that Jesus possessed both human and divine natures

19. 18. St. Augustine made Christian thought more appealing to the educated classes by harmonizing it with _____ philosophy. • Greek

20. 19. In 380 C.E., Christianity was proclaimed the official religion of the Roman Empire by the emperor • Theodosius

21. 20. Chaos threatened the western portion of the Roman Empire in the mid fifth century when Germanic tribes poured into the Roman Empire for protection from the • Huns

22. 21. The Roman Empire was divided into two parts by Diocletian.

23. 22. The term “sinicization” refers to the spread of Chinese culture.

24. 23.With the collapse in political order after the fall of the Han empire, Daoism and Buddhism became much more popular.

25. 24. All of the following are causes for the decline of classical societies in East Asia and the Mediterranean EXCEPT the spread of Christianity and Buddhism.

26. 25. The prophet who promoted a syncretic blend of Zoroastrian, Christian, and Buddhist elements into a religious faith that would serve the needs of a cosmopolitan world was Mani.

27. 26. The fact that by the first century C.E. Southeast Asian kings called themselves rajas shows how they were influenced by the Indians.

28. 27. Buddhism was spread to China by merchants and nomads.

29. 28. The land route of the Silk Roads ran from the Han capital of _________ to the Mediterranean port of __________. Chang'an; Antioch

30. 29. One of the most dangerous spots along the Silk Roads was the __________ desert, which means “he who enters does not come back out.” Taklamakan

31. 30. A key element in establishing trade across the Indian Ocean was mastering the monsoon system.

32. 31. The information that Zhang Qian brought back encouraged Han Wudi to destroy the Xiongnu and take control of the Silk Roads.

33. 32. The Buddha believed that salvation came from leading a balanced and moderate life.

34. 33. The greatest social implication of Jainist thought was their rejection of social hierarchies based on caste.

35. 34. One of the biggest transformations of the caste system during this period was the elimination of the brahmins as a caste.

36. 35. One of the most pronounced examples of patriarchal dominance in ancient India was the common practice of child marriage.

37. 36. Politically the Guptas left local government and administration in the hands of their allies.

38. 37. One of the biggest financial problems that plagued the later Mauryan period was their decision to B) debase their currency.

39. 38. The rock and pillar edicts were issued by E) Ashoka.

40. 39. The first ruler to unify India was C) Chandragupta Maurya.

41. 40. The classic Persian approach to governing a large empire was E) All of the above.

42. 41. For his decision to allow them to return to their capital city and rebuild their temple, the Persian king, Darius, received high praise from the D) Jews.

43. 42. Which of the successors to the Persians claimed direct descent from the Persians and recreated much of the culture and splendor of the Achaemenid empire? D) Sasanids

44. 43. The social structure of the Medes, early Persians, and Parthians was very similar to C) the Aryans.

45. 44. What development was most critical in undermining the warrior elite and the clan-based social structure of early Persian society? A)the growth of an administrative bureaucracy

46. 45. All of the following tenets of Zoroastrian influenced later religions EXCEPT C) the view of the material world as a place of temptation that had to be ignored.

47. 46. The words “good words, good thoughts, good deeds” were used to sum up the view of morality of the B) Zoroastrians.

48. 47. The belief in a day of judgment, which will determine whether individuals go to a paradise or punishment in hell, was originally developed in which of the following religions? D)Zorastrianism

49. 48. The Mycenaeans received early indirect influence from the Egyptians and Phoenicians through their contact with the Minoans. .

50. 49. All of the following events occurred during the time of Pericles EXCEPT E) Greeks established colonies throughout the Mediterranean.