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Neurons & Neuroglia

Neurons & Neuroglia. Lesson 3. Basic Cell Biology. Eukaryotic cells Cell membrane Nucleus chromosomes Cytoplasmic organelles Mitochondria Endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes microtubules & microfilaments ~. Neurons. Basic functional unit of N.S. Specialized cell

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Neurons & Neuroglia

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  1. Neurons & Neuroglia Lesson 3

  2. Basic Cell Biology • Eukaryotic cells • Cell membrane • Nucleus • chromosomes • Cytoplasmic organelles • Mitochondria • Endoplasmic reticulum • ribosomes • microtubules & microfilaments ~

  3. Neurons • Basic functional unit of N.S. • Specialized cell • All cells have same basic properties • Regulation of behavior • Information processing • Transmits • Integrates • Stores ~

  4. Dendrites & Soma • Receives & Integrates information • electrical signal within ~

  5. Stimuli • Axon carries information away from soma • Electrical signal within • Axon terminal releases chemical message ~

  6. Sensory Motor Interneuron By function (connections)

  7. By morphology (# of neurites) Unipolar Multipolar Bipolar

  8. Neurons vs. Nerves • Neurons - cells • microscopic • Nerves - bundles of axons • seen with naked eye ~

  9. Neuroglia • Neural support cells • local influence at synapse • no role long distance signaling • Functions • exchange molecules with neurons • physical support • maintains microenvironment • Blood-brain barrier • immune system ~

  10. Astrocytes • Provide physical support • Regulating chemical content of extracellular fluid • localizes neurotransmitters • K+ concentration • Blood-brain Barrier (BBB) ~

  11. BBB: Function • Maintains stable brain environment • large fluctuations in periphery • Barrier to poisons • Retains neurotransmitters & other chemicals • Regulates nutrient supplies • glucose levels • active transport ~

  12. Brain Capillary astrocytes Typical Capillary Intercellular cleft tight junction Fenestra Blood-Brain Barrier No fenestra

  13. Neuroglia: Myelin • Wrap around axon • Saltatory Conduction • faster transmission • CNS: oligodendrocytes • PNS: Schwann cells ~

  14. Microglia • Immune-like function • macrophage • foreign cells • cellular debris ~

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