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EOC Review #3: Photosynthesis, Cell Respiration, DNA, Mitosis, and Protein synthesis

EOC Review #3: Photosynthesis, Cell Respiration, DNA, Mitosis, and Protein synthesis. Christopherson. Photosynthesis. Photosynthesis I. Photosynthesis Function. To produce glucose (food) for producers The formula for glucose: C 6 H 12 O 6. Photosynthesis: How?.

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EOC Review #3: Photosynthesis, Cell Respiration, DNA, Mitosis, and Protein synthesis

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  1. EOC Review #3: Photosynthesis, Cell Respiration, DNA, Mitosis, and Protein synthesis Christopherson

  2. Photosynthesis Photosynthesis I

  3. Photosynthesis Function To produce glucose (food) for producers The formula for glucose: C6H12O6

  4. Photosynthesis: How? Plants absorb sunlight energy, carbon dioxide and water to make glucose

  5. Organisms that Undergo Photosynthesis: Plants

  6. Bacteria

  7. Protists – ex/ Green Algae

  8. Photosynthesis: Location Chloroplast Chlorophyll: Pigment Producer Leaf Leaf Cross-section

  9. Pigments Found inside the thylakoid Absorb sunlight energy and give plants their color.

  10. Photosynthesis Summative Equation (Formula) Sunlight Energy CO2 H2O C6H12O6 O2 + + Reactants What is needed Products What is produced

  11. Cell Respiration I: ATP and Anaerobic Respiration Christopherson

  12. Purpose of Cell Respiration The process in which glucose (food) is broken down into ATP (usable energy) ATP C6H12O6 C6H12O6

  13. ATP Structure Contains adenosine, sugar, and three phosphates

  14. Does ATP have ENERGY? YES

  15. Photosynthesis Summative Equation (Formula) C6H12O6 O2 CO2 + H2O ATP + + Reactants Need? Products Produced?

  16. Anaerobic Respiration Respiration that occurs without oxygen present

  17. Organisms that undergo Anaerobic Respiration: All living things

  18. Process: Anaerobic Respiration Simple Organisms Glucose: C-C-C-C-C-C ATP Pyruvate: C-C-C and C-C-C Fermentation

  19. Breaking down of Pyruvate: Simple Organisms - Result Pyruvate is broken down into waste. It’s trash. This process is Fermentation. Pyruvate

  20. Breaking down of Pyruvate Simple Organisms Bacteria Yeast

  21. Process: Anaerobic Respiration Complex Organisms Glucose: C-C-C-C-C-C ATP Pyruvate: C-C-C and C-C-C To the Mitochondria (Aerobic Respiration)

  22. Aerobic Respiration Respiration that occurs with oxygen present

  23. Organisms that undergo Aerobic Respiration: Complex Organisms(Everything BUT Bacteria and Yeast)

  24. Mitochondria Function: Breaks down sugar into ATP (usable form of energy); Powerhouse of the cell Location: Throughout the cell

  25. Aerobic Respiration RESULT Pyruvate C-C-C and C-C-C O2 O2 is the key to the mitochondria ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP

  26. DNA Structure and Discovery Christopherson

  27. DNA: Deoxyribonucleic AcidDNA is a Nucleic AcidMonomer: Nucleotide

  28. Structure of a Nucleotide a. Adenine 1. Phosphate b. Thymine c. Cytosine d. Guanine 3. Nitrogen Base 2. Deoxyribose

  29. Structure of DNA Phosphate Deoxyribose Nitrogen Bases

  30. Practice with Base Pairing Sugar and Phosphate A T C G G C T A C G A T T A G C C G A T G C T A Sugar and Phosphate

  31. Cell Cycle Summary

  32. What is a Body Cell? All the cells that make up the “body” of an organism.

  33. What is a Homologous Pair? A pair of chromosomes that are very similar; one is from your mom and the other from your dad

  34. Diploid? Formula: 2n n = the number of chromosomes 2 = that homologous pairs are present -Normal number of chromosomes in organisms body cell

  35. Total Number of Chromosomes in a Human Body Cell

  36. Purpose of the Cell Cycle To grow, replace old cells, or reproduction

  37. Location of the Cell Cycle Within an organisms body cells

  38. 1st Step of the Cell Cycle Interphase: Cell prepares to divide by making more organelles and cytoplasm (G1 and G2); Replicates DNA (S)

  39. 2nd Step of the Cell Cycle Mitosis: The replicated DNA is separated Made up of PMAT Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

  40. 3rd Step of the Cell Cycle Cytokinesis: The cell divides the organelles and cytoplasm into the new cell

  41. End Result of the Cell Cycle Two identical cells with the same number of chromosomes Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis

  42. If an organism has 50 chromosomes and it undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes will be present in the new cells?

  43. If an organisms diploid number chromosome is 100, how many chromosomes will be present in the new cells?

  44. What is a GENE? Instruction manual for our body Portion of the DNA that “codes” (has the directions) for a specific trait.

  45. Where is a Gene? • Within DNA • The nitrogen bases spell out the instructions

  46. RNA Ribonucleic Acid Make up of Nucleotides Contains Phosphorus

  47. RNA Nucleotide A Phosphate Nitrogen Base C B Guanine Cytosine Ribose Adenine Uracil

  48. How is DNA different from RNA?

  49. DNA versus RNA: # of Strands 2 strands 1 strand

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