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Chapter 1: the Human Body

Chapter 1: the Human Body. A & P 8/20/13. Anatomy. The study of the Structure and Shapes of the body and their relationships to one another. Gross Anatomy: The study of large easily observable structures of the body. example: Bones and Liver

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Chapter 1: the Human Body

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  1. Chapter 1:the Human Body A & P 8/20/13

  2. Anatomy • The study of the Structureand Shapes of the body and their relationships to one another. Gross Anatomy: The study of large easily observable structures of the body. example: Bones and Liver Microscopic Anatomy: The study of very small structures that require the naked eye to be aided

  3. Physiology • The study of how the body parts work or the Function of the body parts. • Neurophysiology- functions of the nervous system • Cardiac physiology- functions of the heart

  4. Structural Organization • Starts with the simplest and becomes complex • Atoms • Molecules • Cells • Tissues • Organs • Organ Systems • Organism

  5. Integumentary System • The external covering of the body, or skin. • Waterproofs the body and cushions and protects the deeper tissues and organs from harm. • Excretes salts and urea to help regulate body temperature and pressure • Houses pain receptors to alert us of what is happening on body surface.

  6. Skeletal System • Consists of bones, cartilages, ligaments and joints. • Supports the body and provides framework for the muscles to produce movement. • Also serves as a protective barrier for our most vital organs • Brain, heart • Stores minerals

  7. Muscular System • Simply provide movement by contracting muscles.

  8. Nervous system • Fastest acting control system. • Brain • Spinal cord • Nerves • And sensory receptors

  9. Endocrine system • Controls the bodies activities, but slower than the nervous system. • Endocrine glands produce chemicals called hormones that use the blood stream to get to specific organs

  10. Cardiovascular system • The heart and the blood vessels • Use blood as the transporting fluid to carry substances like oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other important substances to and from tissues cells where exchanges are made.

  11. Lymphatic system • Complementary to that of cardiac system. • Includes lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphoid organs such as spleen and tonsils.

  12. Respiratory system • Keep the body consistently supplied with oxygen

  13. Digestive system • A tube running through the body from the mouth to the anus. • Break down food and deliver the products to the blood for dispersal to the body cells

  14. Urinary system • Remove the nitrogen-containing waste from the blood and flushes them from the body in urine.

  15. Reproductive system • Exists to produce offspring.

  16. WORDPRESS • http://missmackley.wordpress.com/

  17. Necessary Life functions • Maintaining Boundaries • Movement • Responsiveness (irritability) • Digestion • Metabolism • Excretion • Reproduction • Growth

  18. Must have to survive… • Nutrients • Chemical energy • Oxygen • Required for chemical reactions to release energy from foods • 20% of air we breath is oxygen • Water • 60-80% of body weight • Body Temperature • 98.6 Degree F • Atmospheric Pressure • Exchange of O and CO2 • Cellular Metabolism at high altitudes

  19. Homeostasis • The bodies ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world is continuously changing. • Nervous and Endocrine Systems • Receptor: Send information • Control Center: analyzes information and determines response • Effector: Provides the means for control center to respond

  20. Homeostasis Cont’d • Negative Feedback Mechanisms • Causes stimulus to decline or end • Positive Feedback Mechanisms (rare in the body) • Enhances the stimulus • Blood Clotting and birth of a baby

  21. Anatomical Position

  22. Regional Terms

  23. Regional Terms

  24. Directional Terms Superior/ Inferior Anterior/Posterior Dorsal/Ventral Cranial/Caudal Medial/Lateral Proximal Distal Superficial/Deep

  25. Body Planes and sections

  26. Directional terms Prone and Supine

  27. Body Cavities • Dorsal body cavity • Cranial cavity • Spinal cavity • Ventral body cavity • Thoracic cavity • Diaphragm • Abdominopelvic • Abdominal • pelvic

  28. Abdominopelvic Cavity • 4 Quadrants • Right Upper • Left Upper • Right Lower • Left Lower

  29. Abdominopelvic Regions • Umbilical Region • Epigastric Region • Hypogastric (pubic) Region • Right Iliac (inguinal) Region • Left Iliac (inguinal) Region • Right Lumbar Region • Left Lumbar Region • Right Hypochondriac Region • Left Hypochondriac Region

  30. Anterior View of Ventral Body Cavity Organ’s • Lungs • Liver • Heart • Diaphragm • Spleen • Stomach • Small Intestine • Large intestine (Colon) • Gallbladder • Appendix • Bladder

  31. Group work…

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