The Growth of the American Labor Movement

1. The Growth of the American Labor Movement

2. Objective TSWBAT Analyze the formation of early labor unions along with describing their goals and tactics

3. Bell Ringer 1. During the Gilded Age, most of the railroad barons a) rejected government assistance. b) built their railroads with federal land grants and loans. c) relied exclusively on Chinese labor. d) refused to get involved in politics. e) focused on public service. 2. The United States changed to standard time zones when a) Congress passed a law establishing this system. b) the major rail lines decreed common fixed times so that they could keep schedules and avoid wrecks. c) factories demanded standard time schedules. d) long-distance telephones required standard time coordination. e) All of these 3. In the case of Wabash, St. Louis, and Pacific Railroad Company v. Illinois, the U.S. Supreme Court held that state legislatures could not regulate railroads because a) the U.S. Constitution did not permit the government to regulate private industry. b) the state legislatures were acting on behalf of a private interest, Illinois farmers. c) the Wabash, St. Louis, and Pacific Railroad was incorporated in Missouri, not Illinois. d) railroad executives had committed no illegal acts in their business. e) railroads were interstate businesses and could not be regulated by any single state. 4. One of the most significant aspects of the Interstate Commerce Act was that it a) revolutionized the business system. b) failed to prohibit some of the worst abuses of big business, such as pools and rebates. c) began the process of breaking up the railroad monopolies. d) Represented the first large scale attempt by the federal government to regulate business e) invoked the Constitution's interstate commerce clause. 5. The Sherman Anti-Trust Act prohibited a) companies from signing contracts without competitive bidding. b) the federal government from favoring one business corporation over another. c) the same corporation from doing business under different names. d) private corporations or organizations from engaging in "combinations in restraint of trade." e) competing companies from having interlocking corporate boards of directors.

4. Class Discussion Describe what it was like being a factory worker during the Gilded Age. Whats this going to lead to?

5. The Changing American Labor Force

6. Child Labor

7. Child Labor • Americans realize reform is needed due to Child Labor

8. Labor Unrest: 1870-1900

9. The Molly Maguires(1875) • A secret society in the 19th century consisting mainly of Irish-American coal miners believed to be from the anthracite coal fields of Pennsylvania. • The group formed both because of dangerous working conditions and the brutal tactics used by the coal mine owners to prevent union activity. • The group justified their tactics of intimidation, beatings, and killings because of they way they were treated. JamesMcParland

10. Management vs. Labor “Tools” of Management “Tools” of Labor • “scabs” • P. R. campaign • Pinkertons • lockout • blacklisting • yellow-dog contracts • court injunctions • open shop • boycotts • sympathy demonstrations • informational picketing • closed shops • organized strikes

11. A Striker Confronts a SCAB!

12. National Labor Union (NLU) • Frist attempt to organize all workers in states • Success – won the eight hour work day for workers employed by the federal government • Decline – depression begins in 1873 and unsuccessful strikes

13. Objective TSWBAT Analyze the formation of early labor unions along with describing their goals and tactics

14. Bell Ringer 1. Share your late 19th century strike of interest.

15. Knights of Labor Terence V. Powderly • Membership: ALL workers • Favored arbitration rather than strikes

16. Goals of the Knights of Labor • Eight-hour workday. • Worker-owned factories. • Abolition of child and prison labor. • Equal pay for men and women. • Safety codes in the workplace. • Prohibition of contract foreign labor.

17. Haymarket Riot (1886) • McCormick Harvesting Machine Co. • Significance: union movement was radical and violent, KOL lost popularity and membership  KOL will never regain power

18. Haymarket Martyrs

19. The American Federation of Labor: 1886 Samuel Gompers

20. How the AF of L Would Help the Workers • Catered to the skilled worker. • Represented workers in matters of national legislation. • Maintained a national strike fund. • Prevented disputes among the many craft unions. • Mediated disputes between management and labor. • Pushed for closed shops.

21. Homestead Steel Strike (1892) The Amalgamated Association of Iron & Steel Workers Homestead Steel Works • Henry Clay Frick (Carnegies right hand man) cuts wages by 20% • This strike failed and set back the union movement in the steel industry until the New Deal in the 1930s

22. Big Corporate Profits!

23. A “CompanyTown”: Pullman, IL

24. Pullman Cars A Pullman porter

25. The Pullman Strike of 1894 • Cut wages and fired leaders of the workers’ delegation that came to bargain with him • Asked for help from the ARU led by Eugene V. Debs • The boycott tied up rail transportation across the country • Debs and others are arrested, military comes in against the workers and in support of big business

26. President Grover Cleveland If it takes the entire army and navy to deliver a postal card in Chicago, that card will be delivered!

27. The Pullman Strike of 1894 Government by injunction!

28. The Socialists • Eugene V. Debs gets out of jail and turns to socialism and helps find the American Socialist Party

29. Hippocampus Video http://www.montereyinstitute.org/courses/AP+US+History+II/nroc%20prototype%20files/coursestartc.html

30. International Workers of the World (“Wobblies”)

31. “Big Bill” Haywood of theIWW • Violence was justified to overthrow capitalism.

32. I W W & the Internationale

33. The Hand That Will Rule the World One Big Union

34. Mother Jones: “The Miner’s Angel” • Mary Harris. • Organizer for theUnited MineWorkers. • Founded the SocialDemocratic Party in 1898. • One of the founding members of the I. W. W. in 1905.

35. The “Formula” unions + violence + strikes + socialists + immigrants = anarchists

36. Labor Union Membership