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ANTCI Overall Objective

ANTCI Overall Objective. To provide a more comprehensive understanding of Antarctic atmospheric chemistry with the goal of providing new insights related to the interpretation of the levels and distributions of C, S, and N climate proxy species contained within ice cores.

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ANTCI Overall Objective

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  1. ANTCI Overall Objective To provide a more comprehensive understanding of Antarctic atmospheric chemistry with the goal of providing new insights related to the interpretation of the levels and distributions of C, S, and N climate proxy species contained within ice cores

  2. Specific Scientific Objectives: • Evaluate the detailed chemical and dynamical processes that control spring/summertime levels of NOx/NOy and OH/HOx at South Pole. • Assess the representativeness of South Pole fast photochemistry, as driven by photodenitrification of snow, to the larger polar plateau region • Investigate the relative importance of the oxidative processes involved in the coast-to-plateau transport of reduced sulfur and determing the principal regions of chemical transition.

  3. Secondary Objectives: • Investigate snow/firn chemical species that undergo extensive exchange with the atmosphere (e.g., NOx, HNO3, CH2O, H2O2, monocarboxylic acids). • Assess the different chemical forms of the trace element Hg and their relationship to the levels of O3, OH and other potential oxidants.

  4. Questions Which Remain ● Why does NOx increase at SP when the wind is from the east? ● How does a shift away from a 24 hr constant sun light environment affect the emission rate of NOx on the plateau? ● How does NOx decrease as it flows toward the coast? Upward Mixing, Diurnal Cycling, Surface Chemistry, Other? ● Where does the reactive nitrogen observed at the Pole come from? Stratosphere, Lightening in the Southern Oceans? ● How do oxidation rates [OH] change with altitude and geographical location over the plateau, i.e. what is the range of the OH oxidizing canopy? ● Where is the MS/SO4= ratio determined? Near the coast at higher altitudes or gradually as sulfur is transported inland, i.e. why is this ratio typically 0.07 over most of the plateau?

  5. ●Are NO, NO2, CH2O, H2O2 and other compounds • emitted from the snow surface over the whole • plateau region? Near the coast? • ●How much of the nitrogen formed over the continent • flows out of glacial valleys to the sea • General Questions: • ●What can we learn about transport from reactive and passive chemical tracers? • ●How much is the MS/SO4= ratio effected by deposition location as opposed to sulfur sources or temperature?

  6. ANTCI 2005 Flight Missions and Constrains We have 1 Otter from ~Nov. 14 – Dec. 17 Missions: We have proposed ~ 14 flights out of McMurdo &4 out of the South Pole (7 days at the South Pole - 2 flights to Weddell Sea, 1 to Max alt., & 1 return to McMurdo) Constrains: Fuel along Ross coast, low latitude, and maybe for Weddell Sea

  7. ANTCI 2005 Boundary Layer Inflow

  8. Twin Otter Measurements

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