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Natural Language Processing

Natural Language Processing. Frank Bergman Mike Gallagher Jason Firestone. Barcelona, October 19th , 2001. Stacked Layers of Language. Person A. Person B. „Thoughts“. „Thoughts“. Pragmatics. Pragmatics. Semantics. Semantics. Syntax. Syntax. Speech. Speech. Voice Recognition.

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Natural Language Processing

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  1. Natural Language Processing Frank Bergman Mike Gallagher Jason Firestone Barcelona, October 19th, 2001

  2. Stacked Layers of Language Person A Person B „Thoughts“ „Thoughts“ Pragmatics Pragmatics Semantics Semantics Syntax Syntax Speech Speech

  3. VoiceRecognition SyntaxParsing SemanticAnalysis Translation/ Processing Generation VoiceGeneration SAM, AT&T Synthesizer Philips Genie IBM Via Voice BabelFish, Systran, other translators Ramona Verbmobil, Train Information Systems Infrastructure

  4. Verbmobil: Speech2Speech Translation

  5. Verbmobil Video http://verbmobil.dfki.de/overview-us.html

  6. Speech: Audio signals „I am hungry“ Person A Person B „Thoughts“ „Thoughts“ Pragmatics Pragmatics Semantics Semantics “I am hungry” Syntax Syntax Speech Speech Audio Signals

  7. text=„I am hungry“ type=noun_phrase; verb= text=„am“ type=verb; time=pres; pers=1st; infinitive=„be“; subject = adverb = text=„I“ type=pronoun;case=nom; pers=1st; text=„hungry“ type=adjective;case=nom; pers=1st; Syntax: Sentence structure Person A Person B „Thoughts“ „Thoughts“ Pragmatics Pragmatics Semantics Semantics Syntax Syntax Speech Speech Grammar Formalisms: DCG, HPSG, …

  8. Semantics: „Meaning“ and Logics Person A Person B „Thoughts“ „Thoughts“ Pragmatics Pragmatics Semantics Semantics x.self(x)  hungry(x) Syntax Syntax Speech Speech Logic Formalisms: FOL, Lambda Calculus, …

  9. Person instance I has_value has_property has_part State desire Body eat full instance Body Food has_property empty State has_value Pragmatics: The „world“ around us Person A Person B „Thoughts“ „Thoughts“ Pragmatics Pragmatics Semantics Semantics Syntax Syntax Speech Speech Frames, Semantic Networks, Description Logics, …

  10. „Thoughts“: What we „feel“ „I am hungry“ Person A Person B „Thoughts“ „Thoughts“ Pragmatics Pragmatics Semantics Semantics Syntax Syntax Speech Speech

  11. Markets SpeechInput AutomaticTranslation DialogSystems • Players • Philips • IBM • Lernout & Hauspie • AT&T • Market Conditions • High entrance barriers • Low margin products

  12. Commercial Impact • The generated value is very low • The technology doesn‘t work yet

  13. The Future • Current: • Low margin add-on to operating systems • Automatic translations have bad quality • Next 5 Years: • Low margin add-on for mobile devices • Translation quality will slightly enhance • Dialog systems becoming more common • Next 20 Years: • Speech processing will become ubiquous in public life, but no „real intelligence“ • Translation quality will slightly enhance

  14. Links • Verbmobil: http://verbmobil.dfki.de/ • AT&T Demo: http://www.naturalvoices.att.com/demos/ • Philips Speech Processing: http://www.philipsspeechprocessing.com/ • Babelfish http://www.babelfish.com/ • Lernout & Hauspie http://www.lhsl.com/ • Ray Kurzweil AI Net: http://www.kurzweilai.net/ • ALICE: http://www.alicebot.org

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