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Integumenatry System

Integumenatry System. Ch 5. The Skin as an Organ. Function. Protection- mechanical, chemical, bacterial Body temperature regulation Prevent water loss Metabolic- synthesize vitamin D Cutaneous Sensation Blood reservoir Excretion Prevent UV damage. The Skin.

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Integumenatry System

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  1. Integumenatry System Ch 5

  2. The Skin as an Organ

  3. Function • Protection- mechanical, chemical, bacterial • Body temperature regulation • Prevent water loss • Metabolic- synthesize vitamin D • Cutaneous Sensation • Blood reservoir • Excretion • Prevent UV damage

  4. The Skin An organ, cells constantly dying and being replaced • Facts: • Weighs 9-11 lbs • s.a. = 1.5-2m2 • 1 cm2 has 70 cm blood vessels, 55 cm • nerves, 100 sweat glands, 15 oil glands, 230 sensory receptors • New skin produced in 25-45 days

  5. The Epidermis

  6. Cells of the Epidermis • Keratinocytes (90%)- waterproofs & protects skin, nails, hair, stratum corneum • Melanocytes (8%)- produce melanin • Merkel Cells- slow mechanoreceptors • Langerhans’ Cells- immunological defense

  7. Layers of the Epidermis • Stratum Corneum • Stratum Lucidum • Stratum Granulosum • Stratum Spinosum • Stratum Basale- (Germinativum)

  8. Layers of the Epidermis

  9. The Dermis Dermis

  10. Layers of the Dermis papillary dermis reticular dermis

  11. Components of the Dermis a. Cellular Fibroblasts (synthesize collagen, elastin, and reticulin), histiocytes, endothelial cells, perivascular macrophages and dendritic cells, mast cells, smooth muscle, and cells of peripheral nerves and their end-organ receptors. b. Fibrous Collagen & reticulin - provide tensile strength Elastic fibers- provide for restoration of shape after a deformation c. Ground substance glycosaminoglycans: hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and dermatan sulfate.

  12. The Hypodermis Hypodermis This layer contains adipose tissue and serves to attach the dermis to its underlying tissues.

  13. Skin Color Some variations in human skin color (Sub-Saharan African, Indian, Southern European, and Northwest European) Skin color due to: Melanin, Carotene & Hemoglobin • Melanin Pigments: • Eumelanin: • Phaeomelanin • > Eumelanin:Phaeomalanin- darker skin and hair color; • < Eumelanin:Phaeomalanin- lighter skin and hair color

  14. Skin Color Human complexions are generally classified into six skin types: I -light skinned, burns easily, never tans II - light skinned, burns easily, tans some III - light skinned, burns occasionally, tans well IV - light skinned, tans well, rarely burns V - brown skinned (Asian, Indo-Asian, Chinese, Japanese), tans well, burns rarely, can sunburn after prolonged exposure to UVR VI - black skinned (Afro-Caribbean), deeply pigmented, can burn after prolonged exposure to UVR 25% US pop

  15. Skin Color Conditions • Cyanotic • Jaundice • Erythema • Pallor

  16. Skin/Hair Color: Pigmentation • Pigmentation levels usually increase with age. • - exception: premature graying • Normal pigmentation may be altered by genetic defects or by acquired diseases. • -Hyperpigmentation- age spots • -Hypopigmentation- vitiligo, • albinism

  17. Skin/Hair Color: Pigmentation • External agents can also alter skin color. • lightening agents • carotene • dyes • Some internal compounds--such as the byproducts of hemoglobin metabolism--may color the skin. Sunless tanning

  18. Skin Cancer • Malignant melanoma • 2% of all cancers • Risks: • Skin type • Sun exposure • Family history • Age • Immunological status Normal mole Melanoma • A= asymmetry • B= border • C= color • D= diameter

  19. Skin Appendages Sweat Glands • Eccrine (merocrine) glands- sweat • Apocrine glands- axillary & anogenital areas • Ceruminous glands- ears canal • Mammary glands- female reproductive glands Sweat glands Ceruminous glands

  20. Skin Appendages Sebaceous

  21. Skin Appendages Hair Hair shaft Sebaceous gland Hair root Hair bulb in follicle

  22. Skin Appendages Nail

  23. Burns 1st Degree: epidermal damage Ex. sunburn 2nd Degree: epidermis & upper dermis Ex. blisters 3rd Degree: entire thickness of skin

  24. Burns

  25. Burns

  26. Burns Skin replacement: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eXO_ApjKPaI

  27. Tissue Repair • Blood vessels dilate • WBC & clotting agents released • Scab forms

  28. Tissue Repair • Granulation tissue forms • Capillary beds invade clot • Clean up begins

  29. Tissue Repair • Scar area has contracted • Epithelium regeneration begins

  30. INQUIRY • In which lay of skin are blood vessels located? • Where does epithelium regeneration begin? • What color is a persons skin if they are cyanotic? • List the layer of the epidermis in order from top to bottom. • What is the primary tissue of the hypodermis?

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