POLITICAL REVOLUTIONS!!!

1. POLITICAL REVOLUTIONS!!! The one and only Heather Upin

2. American Revolution • Crown controls Americas – mercantilism, huge taxation and strict trade policies • Americans do not like this so they revolted • Boston Tea Party • France helped aid America – financially and militarily • French was eager to embarrass Britain • First anti-imperial revolution • Declaration of Independence • Inspired many other nations to revolt

3. French Revolution: Moderate • King Louis XVI wanted to tax the Third Estate (lower class), to make up for debt • King kept changing his mind, wanting Third’s help, wanted to tax them • Third Estate left the Estates General • Went to a tennis court to make the constitution • Tennis Court Oath • March of the Women • Versailles, protesting bread, brought King and Queen back to city • Storming of the Bastille • 1792 – acceptance of constitution • French National Assembly (somewhat like parliament) • King was killed leading to the second French revolution

4. French Revolution: Radical • King Louis XVI tried to flee but was arrested and then killed • France was attacked by Austria and Britain • Reign of Terror • 40,000 people died • Public safety draft – evacuation of people • Jacobins • Feudalism was over, no more serfs • No central leader • Coup d'état by Napoleon

5. French Revolution: Napoleon • Military leader, loved by many • Napoleonic Wars • Conquered, spreading innovations/ spreading the voice of the revolution • Italy, Egypt, and much of Europe, Russia (last try and many died) • Civil Code: people should get work based on talent not status, women getting more rights, education • Balance of Power: a policy that aims to secure peace by preventing any one state or alignment of states from becoming too dominant • Concordant: fearing counter revolution by church Napoleon made this agreement with the pope

6. Haitian Revolution: Slave Revolt • French plantation owners had established a very brutal slave system • 1791 slave revolts broke out • Revolt spread • Desire to be free • Toussaint L’Overture- leader    • Overthrow of colonialism

7. Latin American People • Creole- American born person of Spanish decent • Peninsulars- Born in Spain or Portuguese decent • Mazambo- American born person of Portuguese decent • Mestizo- Children born from European and American Indian parents

8. Latin American Revolutions Peninsulares Creole & Mazambo Mestizo • Creoles took over and threw out the Europeans (Peninsulares) • Brazil had slavery and European control for a long time • French Revolution  Napoleon  invaded Portugal  royal family flee to Brazil  huge amounts of slaves in Brazil • Neocolonialism: most were independent but some were still under European control • Government changes and social changes followed independence

9. Important People • King Louis XVI- King of France, caused revolution, executed during revolution • Abbe Sieyes- aided the Third Estate in revolution and Tennis Court Oath • Napoleon- guided France out of revolution, spread reform throughout Europe • Toussaint L’Ouverture- leader of the Haitian Revolution, inspired by French Revolution • Father Miguel Hidalgo- revolution of Mexico, first wave, executed • Simon Bolivar- revolution of northern South America, successfully got free from Spanish power • Jose San Martin- revolution of southern South America, also successfully got free from Spain