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Blood

Blood. Anatomy Ch. 12. Average adult has 5L of blood Cells form mostly in bone marrow Fig 12.1 http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/5953-blood-a-comparison-of-blood-cells-video.htm. Blood composition. A sample is 45% cells: Mostly red blood cells Some white bc and platelets

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Blood

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  1. Blood Anatomy Ch. 12

  2. Average adult has 5L of blood • Cells form mostly in bone marrow • Fig 12.1 • http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/5953-blood-a-comparison-of-blood-cells-video.htm

  3. Blood composition • A sample is 45% cells: • Mostly red blood cells • Some white bc and platelets • 55% is plasma, a clearish liquid • Complex mixture of water, amino acids, proteins, carbs, electrolytes and wastes

  4. Red Blood Cells

  5. Erythrocytes • The shape (biconcave disks) increases surface area where gases can diffuse • Each rbc is 1/3 hemoglobin (by volume) • Do not have nuclei, so they can’t divide or make proteins; gives them more space for hemoglobin.

  6. Tastes like chicken

  7. Blood color • Color comes from hemoglobin (iron) • When it combines with O2, it turns bright red, and when it releases it, turns darker.

  8. # of rbc determines oxygen-carrying capacity • Athletes have higher levels • Men- ~5.5 million per mm3 • Women- ~5 million per mm3

  9. superman vs doomsday - Google Video

  10. RBCs • Avg lifespan is 4 months • In high altitudes, more rbcs are formed • Fig. 12.3 • Vitamin B12 and folic acid influence rbc production

  11. Iron is required

  12. Anemia • Too little hemoglobin or rbc’s • Appear pale • and lack • energy

  13. Anemia

  14. White Blood Cells

  15. Leukocytes • Protects against disease and infections • white blood cells - Google Video

  16. 5 types of wbc (Table 12.1) • 1. Neutrophils: eats small particles • 2. Eosinophils: kills parasites, controls inflammation • 3. Basophils: releases heparin and histamine

  17. Wbc’s cont. • 4. Monocyte: eats larger particles • 5. Lymphocyte: provides immunity

  18. WBC counts • Usu. 5000-10,000 per cubic mL • Changes in response to infection/sickness

  19. Functions of WBC • Make antibodies that destroy or disable foreign particles • Can leave blood stream to fight infections

  20. Leukemia • Too many WBCs and too few RBCs • Cancer of the blood • Different types of leukemia • With treatment, 50-80% of patients enter remission

  21. Platelets • Thrombocytes • Fragments of large blood cells in red bone marrow • Lack nuclei

  22. Platelets • They help close breaks in vessels • Help form scabs and initiate clots

  23. Blood Plasma • About 92% water, straw colored liquid • Has 3 main proteins: albumin, globulin, and fibrinogin • Table 12.2

  24. Hemostasis-stopping bleeding • Platelets adhere to any rough surface, collagen, and each other • This forms a plug to stop small breaks • Larger breaks may require a clot (Fig. 12.12)

  25. Coagulation • Causes a blood to clot • Anticoagulants-keep it from clotting • Most clots disappear with time (will dissolve in moving blood)

  26. Blood groups

  27. Surface molecules-antigens • Proteins-antibodies • Everyone has either A, B, AB, or O blood

  28. ABO blood group • Based on 2 major antigens: A and B, on rbc membranes • Type A person has only A antigen • AB person has both antigens • O person has neither antigen

  29. Table 12.4 • Blood type Antigen Antibody • A A Anti-B • B B Anti-B • AB A and B Neither anti-A nor anti-B • O Neither Both

  30. Therefore: • An antibody of one type will react with an antigen of the same type, and clump, which is bad • This is why someone w/ type A blood can’t receive type B or AB blood

  31. Giving blood (Table 12.5) • Since type AB lacks both antibodies, they can receive any blood type • AB people are universal recipients • Type O lacks antigens A and B, so it can be transferred to anyone. • Type O people are universal donors

  32. Rh factor • Rh antigens named after rhesus monkey (1st studied in them) • It is an antigen • + if it has it • - if not

  33. Hemophilia • Blood doesn’t clot normally (missing a protein) • Is genetic, and usually only occurs in males

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