The Department of Ceramics at the University of Leoben

1. Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben The Department of Ceramics at the University of Leoben

2. Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben The University of Leoben

3. Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben Degree programmes at the University of Leoben

4. Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben Postgraduate education at the University of Leoben MBA Generic Management (4 terms) Quality management in the chemical laboratory Blasting technology

5. Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben The staff of the department

6. Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben Participation of the department in education • Bachelor´s programme „Natural Resources“ • Master´s programme “Mineral resources: Processing and Materials” with a branch “Building materials and Ceramics”

7. Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben Courses of the master´s programme “Mineral resources: Processing and Materials” , branch “Building materials and Ceramics” which are organized by the department of ceramics

8. Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben Research projects at the department for ceramics • Research projects of the Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with Optimized Properties • The laboratory was founded in 1999 • The main research interests are: • Increase of knowledge of the especially mechanical behaviour of refractive and non refractive building materials • characterisation of the material behaviour • influences on the material behaviour • prediction of the material behaviour (modeling and simulation) • investigation and avoidance of failure • Successful scientific evaluations have been performed on 16.2.2001 und 19.3.2004 (evaluator Prof. Schlegel/Freiberg)

9. Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben • Modules: • Mechanical and thermomechanical characterisation of building materials at room temperature and at elevated temperatures • Prediction of the mechanical and thermomechanical behaviour of refractories • Fundamentals for the development of refractories with reduced brittleness • Auxiliary materials for continuous casting • Industriepartner: • RHI AG, VA-SD GmbH, VA-SL GmbH

10. Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben Research projects at the department for ceramics • KnetMet reserach project „ Modeling of the stresses in refractories and in furnace linings with the help of FEM“ • - Investigation of the thermomechanical behaviour of a BOF lining and optimisation of the design of the bottom/wall transition zone • - thermomechanical behaviour and thermal shock of a metering nozzle at the start of casting • - thermoshock behaviour of a ladle shroud • Further projects in the fields of applied fundamentals of refractory technology • - Fundamentals of the development of refractories with optimised thermomechanical properties • - Fundamental investigations of refractory corrosion

11. Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben Research projects at the department for ceramics • Investigation of failure of thermal insulation composite systems • Goal of these investigations is the determination of failure mechanisms, the conditions for failure and methods to avoid it. • Other current research projects • Various research activities especially togehter with partners from industry, e.g. failure analysis of building materials and refractories, investigation of the microstructure of ceramics, etc.

12. Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben Examples for research projects at the department for ceramics Simulation of the thermomechanical behaviour ofRefractories: Finished projects: Problems associated with modelling and simulation of furnace linings • Teeming ladle • Steel converter (AOD, LD) • Blast furnace • Torpedo ladle • RH - degasser • Material properties • changing material properties f(T,t) • creep • different material behaviour under • compression and tension • Complexity of the models • Modelling of joints • Changing loads Ongoing projects: • Tundish • Wedge splitting test

13. Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben Thermomechanical behaviour of a metering nozzle Temperature distribution and stresses in axial direction:

14. Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben Thermomechanical behaviour of a metering nozzle Initiation and propagation/opening of cracks:

15. Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben Some material laws applied for thermomechanical modelling of refarctories Fictitious crack model according to Hillerborg Plastic failure criterion of Drucker-Prager

16. Fmax 800 700 600 500 c 400 Force Fv [N] 300 Gf‘ 200 Input: geometry F/ diagram Output: Gf, ft, E Gf 0,15 Fmax 100 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 Displacement v [mm] Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben Evaluation of a wedge splitting test to determine strain softening law wedge splitting test according to Tschegg

17. Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben Displacement measurement techniques for room temperature and for elevated temperatures inductive displacement measurement system, here applied for a wedge splitting test at room temperature The laser speckle extensometer is a measuring system suitable for small displacements at elevated temperatures

18. Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben Determination of Young´s modulus at elevated temperatures with a resonant frequency technique The figures show a furnce suitable for measurements up to 1550°C and results for four carbon bonded refractories.

19. Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben Fractographic investigations The figures show the experimental setup to investigate fracture surfaces (three dimensional informations from video images) and the autocorrelation function for the fracture surface of a refractory material.

20. Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben Investigation of mould powders and continuous casting slags • grain size analysis • thermochemical analysis in air as well as under reducing conditions (CO/CO2) • differential scanning calorimetry • thermogravimetry • heating microscopy • thermal treatment up to 1250°C in air as well as under reducing conditions (CO/CO2)

21. Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben Investigation of mould powders and continuous casting slags • chemical-mineralogical investigation of original and thermally treated specimens • chemical analysis • X-ray diffraction analysis • light microscopy • scanning electron microscopy • electron probe microanalysis • high temperature microscopy • high temperature viscosimetry 350°C 900°C

22. Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben Failure Analysis of External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) Typical defects found on façades are cracks along joints of used insulation material, delaminations of rendering and bending of insulation elements. masonry distorted insulation boards failure of an about 2 year old façade system schematic cross section

23. Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben Failure Analysis of External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) Fundamental properties for thin layers of rendering materials have to be determined prior to numerical simulation. A modified wedge splitting procedure according to Tschegg has been carried out for this purpose to characterise adherence and fracture. displacement modified wedge splitting procedure load/displacement curves of rendering materials

24. Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben Failure Analysis of External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) Deformation of ETICS due to shrinkage of the insulation material, superimposed by cyclic changes in temperature. qualitative view of four mounted insulation boards (increasing displacements from blue to red) For temperature cycles of 30°C, the maximum relative displacement of two adjacent edges of the insulation boards is app. 0.15 mm. In this calculation fixation dowels are located on the edges and centre of the insulation boards.