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Task 4: Stimulation Economics and PWRI

Task 4: Stimulation Economics and PWRI. TerraTek, Inc. Heriot -Watt University Triangle Engineering Duke Engineering and Services, Inc. eFirst Technologies Gas Research Institute Advantek, International, Inc VIPS. Issues. Confirm / Revise / Develop Technical Methods. ‘Other Company’

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Task 4: Stimulation Economics and PWRI

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  1. Task 4: StimulationEconomics and PWRI TerraTek, Inc. Heriot -Watt University Triangle Engineering Duke Engineering and Services, Inc. eFirst Technologies Gas Research Institute Advantek, International, Inc VIPS

  2. Issues Confirm / Revise / Develop Technical Methods ‘Other Company’ Contacts / knowledge Experience Database Best Practices Software Toolbox PWRI Data

  3. PWRI and Economics Data Cost Cost Issues Confirm / Revise / Develop Technical Methods ‘Other Company’ Contacts / knowledge Experience Database Best Practices Software Toolbox Cost Cost

  4. PWRI,Economics and Stimulation Data Cost vs Benefit Risk Issues Confirm / Revise / Develop Technical Methods ‘Other Company’ Contacts / knowledge Experience Database Best Practices Software Toolbox Risk Cost vs Benefit

  5. Better Treatment & surface disposal Disposal zone SWI/AWI (lowest cost source of water) Sub-surface disposal (injection) Oil zone Reservoir Management: - Pressure Maintenance - Sweep Water injection Drivers for Produced Water Re-Injection WATER INJECTION DRIVERS: Options: Purposes: PWRI PWRI DRIVERS: - Need Additional Injection Water - Environmental Issues - Company Policy - Legislation - Other Produced water disposal Disposal zone

  6. Water Injection • Lowest cost water source used early in project life • Produced Water becomes available later on • Additional surface facilities/equipment normally required for move to PWRI operation. • Opex e.g. pump maintenance will change • Facilities operation mode will be decided by cost/benefit analyses (e.g. commingled or separated injection) • Higher pressure pumps, new or converted wells may be required in order to re-inject increasing PW volumes PWRI Economics - The Way Ahead Next Presentation (Paul Van Den Hoek)

  7. PWRI Project - Decision Tree OK Additional injection wells required (new/converted) Cost Injection Processin operation (SW/AW) Yes Yes Enough Injection Wells ? Not yet No Conversion / Addition of surface facilities PWRI Required (at later stage)? Commingled Water for early injection? Yes Operation mode(cost/benefitanalysis) Yes Cost Sufficient pump capacity? No PW available? No Higher Pressure pumps Addition of PWRI System Segregated Cost Cost

  8. Water Injection • Lowest cost water source used early in project life • Produced Water becomes available later on • Additional surface facilities/equipment normally required for move to PWRI operation. • Opex e.g. pump maintenance will change • Facilities operation mode will be decided by cost/benefit analyses (e.g. commingled or separated injection) • Higher pressure pumps, new or converted wells may be required in order to re-inject increasing PW volumes PWRI Economics - The Way Ahead Next Presentation (Paul Van Den Hoek)

  9. PWRI - Technical & Cost Implications • Can we generate a “planning figure” for loss of injectivity due to conversion to PWRI (e.g. 20%)? • It depends on formation, thermal effects & water quality (oil/solids) e.g. PEA 23 equation • Risks e.g. what are the disposal alternatives of the produced water if injectivity is insufficient?

  10. PWRI - Impact Injectivity Damage OK No Yes On going damage ? No Damage Good Additional water treatment facilities Cost Intermittent? Water Quality? Yes No Higher Pressure pumps Cost Injection Loss fully recovered ? Poor Damage? Yes Additional injection wells Cost No (Repetitive) Chemical Stimulation Facility Options Cost Net Cost Mechanical Stimulation Stimulation Cost

  11. 3. Or facilities for better water quality from start? Costs? 2. Regular stimulation? Efficiency? Costs? 1. Accept lost injectivity? (new wells? Costs?) PWRI - Technical & Cost Implications Injectivity Time

  12. Water Management • What is “value” of extra water injected • Water needs to become a tangible benefit in terms of pressure support / sweep rather than “just a cost” • Understand Interplay between water injectors and producers (also required for Intelligent Injectors) • Where can a limited amount of injection water be most beneficially used • (New) flowstream representation of reservoir simulation results (e.g. FLOWVIS from Geoquest) simplify this

  13. What is lowest cost / least risk option? • Cost Example from data base (1): Corrosion Management • * Deferred oil

  14. Cost Example from data base (2): • Bypass part of water treatment system? • Costs in Million $ / year • What happens during plant upset:

  15. PWRI - Technical & Cost Implications • Option 1: Costs of Mitigation • Derive from Paul Van Den Hoek’s proposal for: PWRI Economics - the Way Ahead • Option 2: Stimulation treatments needed to restore injection • How do we define success?

  16. Is stimulation the lowest cost option? ELF PICTURE • Compare costs continuing damage & acid stimulation

  17. Is stimulation the lowest cost option? ELF PICTURE • Include risk of “technical” failure!

  18. Is stimulation the lowest cost option? ELF PICTURE • Compare costs continuing damage & acid stimulation

  19. PWRI - Techno / Economic Evaluation • How do we define success? • Qualitative view (Extremely / Yes / No) • Achieve short term injection target often critical • Recognise other well / injection system limitations (discounted stimulation index based on Hall plot? - see next slide) • Economics concentrate on “extra” water injected compared to “do-nothing base case”? (i.e. similar concept as used for evaluation of production well stimulation)

  20. Stimulation Economics - The Way Ahead • Prepare best practice using “Stimulation Index” based on “value” of discounted net extra water injected • Compare with cost of stimulation and other mitigation strategies • Include stimulation in any larger study (Use same methodology) • Request “typical” costs for “most complete” wells in database

  21. Injectivity Extra water injected Time PWRI - Technical & Cost Implications

  22. Repetitive Acidising of Sandstones • Often shows decreasing success • Damage Location - Placement techniques • Stimulation fluid selection

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