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Four States of Matter

Four States of Matter. Pg. 30-37. States of matter. The physical forms in which a substance can exist. Common three: Solid Liquid Gas . What makes up matter. Matter consists of tiny particles called atoms and molecules that are too small to see without an amazingly powerful microscope.

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Four States of Matter

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  1. Four States of Matter Pg. 30-37

  2. States of matter • The physical forms in which a substance can exist. • Common three: • Solid • Liquid • Gas

  3. What makes up matter • Matter consists of tiny particles called atoms and molecules that are too small to see without an amazingly powerful microscope. • These molecules are always in motion. • The state of matter determines how fast the particles are moving.

  4. Solids • The state in which matter has a definite shape and volume. • The ship will keep its shape and volume if it moves in or out of the bottle.

  5. More Solids • The particles of a solid are very close together. • The particles move, but not enough to overcome their attraction to one another. • Essentially, the particles vibrate in place.

  6. Types of solids • Crystalline – solids with an orderly, three dimensional arrangement of atoms or molecules • A pattern • Iron, diamond, ice • Amorphous- solids composed of atoms or molecules in no particular order. • Random • Rubber and wax

  7. Liquids • The state in which matter take the shape of its container and has a definite volume. • The atoms or molecules in liquids move fast enough to overcome some of the attractions between them. • Even though shape changes, volume doesn’t.

  8. Liquids in containers

  9. Liquid properties • Particles in liquids are close together. • They cannot easily be pushed closer. • Surface tension – • The force acting on the particles at the surface of a liquid, causing it to form spherical drops

  10. Viscosity • A liquid’s resistance to flow • How fast or slow a liquid moves is dependent upon the attraction between the particles • Water vs. syrup

  11. Gases • The state in which matter changes in both shape and volume. • The atoms or molecules in a gas move fast enough to break away completely from one another • There is empty space between particles

  12. Gas properties • Gases can change their volume based upon the type of container they fill. • A tank of helium vs. 1000’s of balloons • As helium fills each balloon the particles spread out more. • Pressure – the amount of force exerted on a given area.

  13. Gas Laws • Boyle’s law – for a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of a gas increases as its pressure decreases.

  14. Boyle’s Law Example • A weather balloon carries equipment into the atmosphere to collect information used to predict the weather. • It is filled with a small amount of gas. • As it rises up, the pressure decreases and the gas volume increases

  15. Charles’s Law • For a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas increases as its temperature increases.

  16. Plasma • The state of matter that does not have a definite shape or volume and whose particles have broken apart. • Makes up 99% of the universe

  17. Plasma Properties • Conducts an electric current. • Are affected by electric and magnetic fields • Natural plasmas are found in lightning, fire, and aurora borealis. • Artificial plasmas are found in fluorescent lights and plasma balls.

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