Atmospheric Deposition of Heavy Metals in Budapest Islands

1. 29h TaskForce Meeting, 29thFebruary – 4thMarch 2016, Dubna, RussianFederation Ágnes BÁLINT1, Lőrinc Komlós2, Albert SZANISZLÓ1 1Óbuda University, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Doberdó u. 6. , Budapest, H-1034 Hungary Atmospheric deposition of heavy metals in „Óbuda” and „Margaret” islands (Budapest, Hungary) tested by different mosses and ICP-OES 2Szent István University, Páter K. u. 1., Gödöllő, H-2100 Hungary

2. 29h TaskForce Meeting, 29thFebruary – 4thMarch 2016, Dubna, RussianFederation The term heavy metal Metallic chemical element that has a relatively high density and is toxic or poisonous even at low concentrations. The most significant environmental pollutant heavy metals are: cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn), in large amount the iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) are pollutants, too. These heavy metals are presentin the environment due to weathering of soil-forming rocks and minerals, and by the emission of chemical fertilizers, soil improving materials, pesticides, organic fertilizers, waste water, waste water slobs, due to industrial and mining activity and due to traffic (Hegedűs, 2002). Sources: http:// www.windows2universe.org/glossary/density_defn.html; http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/153463/

3. 29h TaskForce Meeting, 29thFebruary – 4thMarch 2016, Dubna, RussianFederation The way of heavymetalsfromthefirststepofpollutiontothefinalstepin human body Source: http://www.biosensing.net/HTML/pollutants.html

4. 29h TaskForce Meeting, 29thFebruary – 4thMarch 2016, Dubna, RussianFederation The scheme of heavy metal behaviourinatmosphere Source:https://books.google.hu/books?id=HCMOAN_xmnIC&pg=PA179&lpg=PA179&dq=The+scheme+of+heavy+metal+behaviour+in+atmosphere&source=bl&ots=2r15Myo6va&sig=4gMEEWXuBuOCrsIxjV3LoRytCmg&hl=hu&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=The%20scheme%20of%20heavy%20metal%20behaviour%20in%20atmosphere&f=false

5. 29h TaskForce Meeting, 29thFebruary – 4thMarch 2016, Dubna, RussianFederation The nextonesareconsequences of the human activity: • Heavymetals: biologicalessential (e.g. Cu, Ni, Fe, Zn) • Heavymetals: non biologicalessential (e.g. Pb, Hg, Cd, Sn) • Sensitiveequilibrium of nature is changed ecological and human healthproblems

6. 29h TaskForce Meeting, 29thFebruary – 4thMarch 2016, Dubna, RussianFederation The aim of investigation Because of the environmental pollution there is an increased attention on the potentially toxic elements and on the dangers related to heavy metals. Detailed and intensive examinations are necessary in order to avoid extensive contaminations. A lot of information is needed about different environmental elements to understand the fast changes in environment and to control the environmental laws. Therefore, it is important to evaluate different studies in the environment the deposition of heavy metals. Some plants, can be very useful as bioindicators in order to obtain information about heavy metal concentration data derived from the air pollution monitoring.

7. 29h TaskForce Meeting, 29thFebruary – 4thMarch 2016, Dubna, RussianFederation The sampling places

8. 29h TaskForce Meeting, 29thFebruary – 4thMarch 2016, Dubna, RussianFederation The sampling places Source: https://www.google.com/maps/@47.4970588,19.0463769,607a,20y,81.85t/data=!3m1!1e3

9. 29h TaskForce Meeting, 29thFebruary – 4thMarch 2016, Dubna, RussianFederation The sampling place 1: Control Margaret island It was always a recreation park Source: budapestcity.org

10. 29h TaskForce Meeting, 29thFebruary – 4thMarch 2016, Dubna, RussianFederation The sampling place 1: Control Margaret island Source: https://www.google.com/maps/

11. 29h TaskForce Meeting, 29thFebruary – 4thMarch 2016, Dubna, RussianFederation The sampling place 2: Óbuda island Earlier: Shipyard in Óbuda island Nowadays: it is a recreation park Source: budapestcity.org (In 1910 source: Magyar Folyam és Tengerhajózási Rt., 1916) http://egykor.hu/budapest-iii--kerulet/obudai-hajogyar/3016

12. 29h TaskForce Meeting, 29thFebruary – 4thMarch 2016, Dubna, RussianFederation The sampling place 2: Óbuda island Source: https://www.google.com/maps/

13. 29h TaskForce Meeting, 29thFebruary – 4thMarch 2016, Dubna, RussianFederation Studied moss samples Campylium calcareum (Margit-island: 5 pieces, Óbuda-island: 15 pieces) Samples: H3, H4, H6, H8, H9, H10, H13, H14, H16, H17, H18, H20, H21, H22, H24, M1, M4, M5, M6, M7 Source: www.swissbryophytes.ch

14. 29h TaskForce Meeting, 29thFebruary – 4thMarch 2016, Dubna, RussianFederation Studied moss samples Campylium stellatum (Margit-island: 1 piece, Óbudai-island: 1 piece) Samples: H2, M3 Source: www.biopix-foto.de

15. 29h TaskForce Meeting, 29thFebruary – 4thMarch 2016, Dubna, RussianFederation Studied moss samples Neckera crispa (Margit-island: 1 piece, Óbuda-island: 8 pices) Samples: H1, H5, H7, H11, H12, H15, H19, H23, M2 Source: www.analternativenaturalhistoryofsussex.blogspot.hu

16. ≈ 0.5 g dry matter sample 5 cm3 HNO3 + 2 cm3 H2O2 29h TaskForce Meeting, 29thFebruary – 4thMarch 2016, Dubna, RussianFederation Pretreatment of the moss samples Deliver into the lab cleaning  drying (72 hours at 70oC)grindsieve (0.2mm) MicrowaveDigestion (Milestone 1200 Mega): Digestion program (Baranowska & Srogi, 2000) :

17. 29h TaskForce Meeting, 29thFebruary – 4thMarch 2016, Dubna, RussianFederation Measurement of theheavy metal concentration • Jobin-Yvon, ACTIVA M ICP-OES (Szent István University) • Measured heavy metals: Cd, Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn

18. 29h TaskForce Meeting, 29thFebruary – 4thMarch 2016, Dubna, RussianFederation Results and discussion

19. 29h TaskForce Meeting, 29thFebruary – 4thMarch 2016, Dubna, RussianFederation Cd concentrationindifferentsamples In all cases the concentrations of Cd were under detection limit.

20. 29h TaskForce Meeting, 29thFebruary – 4thMarch 2016, Dubna, RussianFederation Concentration of Alin moss samples Óbuda island Margaret island

21. 29h TaskForce Meeting, 29thFebruary – 4thMarch 2016, Dubna, RussianFederation Concentration of Crin moss samples Óbuda island Margaret island

22. 29h TaskForce Meeting, 29thFebruary – 4thMarch 2016, Dubna, RussianFederation Concentration of Cuin moss samples Óbuda island Margaret island

23. 29h TaskForce Meeting, 29thFebruary – 4thMarch 2016, Dubna, RussianFederation Concentration of Fein moss samples Óbuda island Margaret island

24. 29h TaskForce Meeting, 29thFebruary – 4thMarch 2016, Dubna, RussianFederation Concentration of Mn in moss samples Óbuda island Margaret island

25. 29h TaskForce Meeting, 29thFebruary – 4thMarch 2016, Dubna, RussianFederation Concentration of Ni in moss samples Óbuda island Margaret island

26. 29h TaskForce Meeting, 29thFebruary – 4thMarch 2016, Dubna, RussianFederation Concentration of Pb in moss samples Óbuda island Margaret island

27. 29h TaskForce Meeting, 29thFebruary – 4thMarch 2016, Dubna, RussianFederation Concentration of Znin moss samples Óbuda island Margaret island

28. 29h TaskForce Meeting, 29thFebruary – 4thMarch 2016, Dubna, RussianFederation Windconditionsin Hungary Source: http://www.met.hu/eghajlat/magyarorszag_eghajlata/altalanos_eghajlati_jellemzes/szel/

29. 29h TaskForce Meeting, 29thFebruary – 4thMarch 2016, Dubna, RussianFederation Windconditionsin Budapest, Hungary %

30. 29h TaskForce Meeting, 29thFebruary – 4thMarch 2016, Dubna, RussianFederation Conclusions • The studied heavy metal concentrations are above detection limits except of Cd • The concetrations of measured heavy metals have significant differences at different places • Presumable source of contaminations are: former industry and traffic

31. 29h TaskForce Meeting, 29thFebruary – 4thMarch 2016, Dubna, RussianFederation Acknowledgement The authors thank for L. Fülöp hishelp in the determination of mosses. The authors acknowledge for ICP measurementto M. Horváth.

32. 29h TaskForce Meeting, 29thFebruary – 4thMarch 2016, Dubna, RussianFederation Thank you for your kind attention!