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The Role of Reputation:

The Role of Reputation:. History, Status and Outlook of Romany and Basque. Introduction. Romany & Basque Similarities Mysterious Histories Plagued with poor reputations Differences Land Claims Economic Status State Recognition. Romany. History of the Roma People.

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The Role of Reputation:

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  1. The Role of Reputation: History, Status and Outlook of Romany and Basque

  2. Introduction • Romany & Basque • Similarities • Mysterious Histories • Plagued with poor reputations • Differences • Land Claims • Economic Status • State Recognition

  3. Romany

  4. History of the Roma People • Centuries ago the Roma migrated to Europe from Northern India. • In the 18th Century a linguistic link between Romany and Sanskrit was discovered. • Traveling musicians, blacksmiths, pot menders, entertainers. • Highly persecuted throughout history. • Stereotyped predominantly as thieves.

  5. Status of Romany • Approximately 1.5-4.5 Million speakers • Many dialects • A collection of related languages that comprise all the members of a single genetic subgroup. • No Official Status in Europe • Falls under the protection of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

  6. Outlook of Romany • Many do not identify themselves as Roma • Traditional lifestyles clash with modern societies • BUT transnational organizations have emerged to promote the rights of the Roma and the preservation of Romany.

  7. Basque

  8. History of Basque • Language Isolate • Languages of the Region were: • Latin • French or Castilian Spanish • Basque Nationalist Movement began in the middle of the 19th Century. • In 1950s, the nationalism swelled into separatism.

  9. Status of Basque • A standardized Basque Grammar was published in 1968. • Schools began using Basque as the primary language of instruction. • In 1982 Basque became one of the official languages of the region. • There are approximately 600,000 speakers, primarily in Spain and France. • Basque is protected under the European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages.

  10. Outlook of Basque • Strong associations of language with culture and nationalism. • Today there are: • Daily newspapers • Websites and Institutes promoting Basque • Study Abroad Programs • Pop Music in Basque • Recently Basque gained recognition as a working language within the EU.

  11. Conclusion • Basque and Romany are endangered languages with very different statuses. • Basque’s advantages: • Claim to land and standardized language • Strong nationalism associated with language • Traditionally European • Recognized and protected by Spain and the EU • Romany’s Advantages: • Nomadic group with limited contact with outsiders • Over 1 million speakers • Recent enlargement of EU could be advantageous • At the current state, Basque has managed to overcome its image as terrorists and appears to have a much better chance for survival.

  12. Bibliography • “Basque Language.” 25 Sep. 2005. Wikipedia. 26 Sep. 2005 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basque_language • “Basque Nationalism.” 21 Sep. 2005. Wikipedia. 26 Sep. 2005 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basque_nationalism • Bretting, J. (2003). “The East European Gypsies: Regime Change, Marginality, and Ethnopolitics.” The Journal of Politics 65(3), 935-937. • Capras, D. “Go Europe--Use English.” Spotlight 15 Jun 2005. 26 Sep 2005 http://www.spotlight-online.de/doc/18251 • Durnescu, I. et. al. (2002), “Incidence and Characteristics of Rroma Men in Romanian Prisons.” The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice 41(3), 237-244. • European Charter for Minority and Regional Languages (2005). Wikipedia. Nov 1, 2005 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Charter_for_Minority_or_Regional_Languages. • Green, J. (1999). “Language: Romany Rise.” Critical Quarterly41(3), 118-122. • Guglielmo, R. & Waters T. (2005). “Migrating Towards Minority Status: Shifting European Policy towards Roma.” Journal of Common Market Studies 43(4), 763-86. • “Language Isolate.” 25 Sep. 2005. Wikipedia. 26 Sep. 2005 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_isolate • Posavek & Hrvatic (2000). “Intercultural education and Roma in Croatia.” Intercultural Education 11(1), 93-105. • “Regional and minority languages of the European Union.” Education and Training. 28 Feb. 2005. Europa. 26 Sep. 2005 http://europa.eu.int/comm/education/policies/lang/languages/langmin/regmin_en.html • Romany (2005). Wikipedia. Nov 1, 2005 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romany • Roma People (2005). Wikipedia. Nov 1, 2005 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roma_People. • Salleh, A. (2004). “Romany Gypsies came out of India.” News in Science. Nov 1, 2005 http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/stories/s1191889.htm. • Sever, I. (1999). “The Never-Ending Roma Question.” The Patrin Web Journal. Nov 1, 2005 http://www.geocities.com/Paris/5121/never-ending-question.htm. • Tejerina, B. (2001). “Protest cycle, political violence and social movements in the Basque Country.” Nations and Nationalism 7(1), 39-57. • “The languages of Spain.” Cyberspain. 26 Sep. 2005 http://www.cyberspain.com/passion/lenguajes.htm • Urla, J. (2003). “Euskara: the 'terror' of a European minority language.” Anthropology Today, 19(4), 1-3.

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