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The Rise of the Arab Spring

The Rise of the Arab Spring . By Jessica, Kado and Cody. Tunisia. December 17 th 2010 Muhammad Bouazizi Livelihood was threatened Response: after the police station refused to see him, he went to a 2-story building and set himself on fire. January 4 th 2011

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The Rise of the Arab Spring

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  1. The Rise of the Arab Spring By Jessica, Kado and Cody

  2. Tunisia • December 17th 2010 • Muhammad Bouazizi • Livelihood was threatened • Response: after the police station refused to see him, he went to a 2-story building and set himself on fire. • January 4th 2011 • Bouazizi dies at the hospital • January 14th 2011 • The dictator’s 23 year rule was finally over

  3. Domino Effect • Egypt: • January 25th 2011 • “Day of Revolt” • Yemen • January 27th 2011 • Demonstrations in Sanaa calling the president to quit • Bahrain • February 14th 2011 • Protesters take the streets • Libya • February 17th 2011 • “Day of Anger”

  4. Governments Overthrown: Libya Egypt** Yemen Tunisia** Governmental Changes: Jordan Lebanon Oman Bahrain Kuwait Morocco Countries with ongoing protests: Bahrain Kuwait Morocco Sudan Saudi Arabia Jordan Countries now facing civil war Libya Yemen Syria Aftermath of the “Arab Spring”

  5. Modern Countries of the Middle East Bahrain • Iran • Israel • Jordan • Kuwait • Lebanon • Oman • Palestine • Qatar • Syria • Tunisia • Turkey • Yemen

  6. Beginning of the Middle East • The middle east had many different dynasties • Sometimes referred to as the “cradle of civilization” because civilization has been recorded there since 3500 B.c. • Empires included the Assyrian empire, Iranian empire, Roman empire

  7. Modern Day Middle East • The forming of Israel, the departure of European powers and the discovery of oil in the Middle East lead to the way it is now. • Islam is the main religion in that area. Although there is other religions mixed into the nations they are smaller compared to Islam • Many wars have occurred in the Middle East. • Many countries have had a hand in shaping the Middle East. Such as European nations, and the former Soviet Union

  8. Discovery of Oil • 1908 oil is struck in Persia, now modern day Iran. • Englishman William D’Arcy funded the expedition for oil in the middle East. Burmah saved him some money by helping. • Britain became a large investor in the oil industry of Iran. • Burmah and D’Arcy reorganized their holdings in 1909 as the Anglo-Persian Oil company. Later it became known as BP in 2000.

  9. Defining Wars of the Middle East Arab- Israeli War-1948 Suez War-1956 Six Day War-1967 War of Attrition-1970 Yom Kippur War-1973 Lebanon War-1982

  10. European Nations Withdrawn from Middle East • October 17, 1941- Iran (forces of the United Kingdom and Soviet Union withdraw) • November 22 1943- Lebanon • January 1st 1944- Syria • May 22 1946- Jordan (British mandate ended) • 1947 Iraq- (forces of the United Kingdom withdrawn) • 1947 Egypt- (forces of the United Kingdom withdrawn to the Suez Canal ) • 1948 Israel (forces of the United Kingdom withdrawn) • August 16, 1960- Cyprus

  11. Arab – Israeli War 1948 • Resolution 181 split Great Britain’s mandate Palestinian mandate into Jewish and Arab states in May 1948 • Arabs refuse to agree with this deeming that it favored the Jews and was unfair to the Arabs • Fighting broke out within Palestine between the two factions • Israel declared independence May 14 1948. Arabs launch air assault on Tel Aviv. • Arab Armies from Lebanon, Syria, Iraq and Egypt invaded the former Palestinian state. • Aftermath hundreds of thousands of Palestinian Arabs displaced.

  12. Suez War 1956 • 1948 UN Security Council calls for an armistice between Israel and Arab states. Egypt agreed if Israel’s army is rerouted to Sinai. • 1949 armistice agreements were negotiated with Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Egypt. Iraq had refused. • Egypt bans Israeli ships from going through the Suez Canal. Ordered to reopen the canal to Israel in 1951. • 1955 Egypt begins ordering arms. Egypt uses Fedayeen, terrorists, to infiltrate Israel to cause chaos. • July 1956 – Egypt blocks the Straits of Tiran. • October 25, Egypt signed a treaty with Syria and Jordan to put Egypt in charge of all three armies • England and France became close to Israel, economically, politically and militarily • U.S. pressure resulted in Israel withdrawing from the area. Sowed the seeds of the war of 1967

  13. Six Day War 1967 • Israel expresses a desire to negotiate a peace treaty with its neighbors. Nasser answers saying Israel is trying to deceive the world opinion. • Other Arab nations refused. • 1963 Arab League introduces the Palestinian Liberation Organization. Terrorist attacks. • On Israel’s independence day Egyptian troops are mobilized. May 22nd the Egyptians form a blockade around the straights of Tiran

  14. War of Attrition 1969-1970 • Egypt launched the War of Attrition with the idea of inflicting as many Israeli casualties as possible. • War began in March 1969. Hostilities had been common along three fronts. (Egypt Syria and Jordan) • Egypt pounded the Israeli position with artillery fire along the Canal • American airplanes were used to help Israel. The U.S.S.R took part in equipping Egypt’s air defenses by supplying them with radar equipment and surface to air missiles. • Israel stole a Russian Radar system from Egypt to help defend against air raids.

  15. Yom Kippur War 1973 • Started out by an Arab attack on Israel on Saturday 6th October 1973. Egyptian and Syrian military forces launched an attack on Israel. • Within two days Egyptians had crossed the Suez Canal and moved up to 15 miles inland of the most advanced Israeli troops in the Sinai • October 24th a cease-fire was organized by the United Nations. • 1974 1200 peacekeepers were sent to Golan Heights to keep the peace. Created a effective buffer zone between Syria and Israel.

  16. Lebanon War 1982 • Began June 6, 1982 • Meant to destroy militant infrastructure on the Lebanese-Israeli border. Used by terrorists to attack Israeli forces. • Operation was not supposed to be any longer then 48 hours. • Was to push forces northward to ensure that Israeli cities were out of shelling distance. • Israel planned to help Lebanon to become free of Syria. IN an attempt to ensure peace for both sides. • In 1985 Israeli forces were slowly withdrawing from Lebanon-except those stationed in the buffer zone. • The last Israeli soldiers left Lebanon on May 24, 2000.

  17. Egypt • January 2011: • Activists in Egypt call for an uprising in their own country, to protest against poverty, unemployment, government corruption and the rule of president Hosni Mubarak, who has been in power for three decades. • January 25th: • “Day of Revolt” • Thousands march into the capitol • January 28th: • Phone lines and internet connections are cut • January 29th: • Mubarak announces that he has sacked the cabinet, but he himself refuses to step down. His whereabouts are unknown. • February 1st: • Hosni Mubarak announces in a televised address that he will not run for re-election but refuses to step down from office - the central demand of the protesters. • February 2nd-10th: • Protests continue • February 11th: • Mubarak steps down after a 30 year rule

  18. Bibliography • https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/wfbExt/region_mde.html • http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/Suez_War.html • http://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/ArabIsraeliWar • http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/67_War.html • http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2008/05/dayintech_0526

  19. Bibliography • http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Society_&_Culture/69iaf.html • http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/yom_kippur_war_of_1973.htm • http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3631005,00.html • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Middle_East

  20. Bibliography • http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2044723,00.html • http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12204971 • http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/worldnews/8325780/The-domino-effect-Africa-and-Middle-East-unrest-after-uprisings-in-Tunisia-and-Egypt.html?image=1 • http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/02/16/libya-protests-antigovern_n_823851.html • http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12477275 • http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/international/countriesandterritories/bahrain/index.html • http://www2.lse.ac.uk/IDEAS/publications/reports/pdf/SR011/FINAL_LSE_IDEAS__ConclusionsTheMiddleEastAfterTheArabSpring_Dodge.pdf • http://www.aljazeera.com/NEWS/MIDDLEEAST/2011/01/201112515334871490.html • http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/international/countriesandterritories/egypt/index.html

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