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Standards. SSUSH19 The student will identify the origins, major developments, and the domestic impact of World War II, especially the growth of the federal government. SSUSH19.a
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Standards • SSUSH19 • The student will identify the origins, major developments, and the domestic impact of World War II, especially the growth of the federal government. • SSUSH19.a • Explain A. Philip Randolph's proposed march on Washington, D.C. and President Franklin D. Roosevelt's response. • SSUSH19.b • Explain the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the internment of Japanese-Americans. • SSUSH19.c • Explain major events including the lend-lease program, the Battle of Midway, D-Day, and the fall of Berlin. • SSUSH19.d • Describe war mobilization, as indicated byrationing, war-time conversion, and the role of women in war industries. • SSUSH19.e • Describe Los Alamos and the scientific, economic, and military implications of developing the atomic bomb.
“What impact did World War II have on America and the World?” Chapter 24 World War II1941-1945Section 1 & 2
How did the Allies turn the tide against the Axis? • Vocabulary: -Dwight Eisenhower -George S. Patton, Jr. -strategic bombing -Tuskegee Airmen -unconditional surrender -Chester Nimitz -saturation bombing -Battle of Midway The Allies Turn the TideSection 1
The Allies Turn the Tide Axis and Allies Plan Strategy Main Idea: Germany, Italy, and Japan had common enemies but different goals during the war, while the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union all considered defeating Germany their ultimate goal. Turning the Tide in Europe Main Idea: The Allies achieved several significant victories against Germany that served as turning points in the war in Europe. Increasing the Pressure on Germany Main Idea: The United States announced that unconditional surrender was the only thing that would end the war, and the Allies increased their force against Germany and Italy to achieve this. Turning the Tide in the Pacific Main Idea: The United States defeated Japan in The Battle of Midway, which served as a turning point in the war in the Pacific and allowed the Americans to take an offensive position against Japan. …
Axis Powers did not have coordinated strategy -Hitler wanted to dominate Europe -Mussolini wanted an Italian empire -Japan wanted to control the Western Pacific and Asia Allies focused on Germany so pursued a “Europe First” strategy, with the Pacific war secondary Axis and Allies Plan Strategy
Turning the Tide in Europe • By 1943, Allies began to win the war in the North Atlantic with radar • Allies sunk U-boats with bombers and depth charges • Battle of Stalingrad – Germany needed oil • German army surrendered to the Russians in Jan. 1943
North Africa and Italy • North Africa • British General Montgomery defeated German Field Marshall Erwin Rommel (Desert Fox) at el Alamein • Sicily and Italy
Saturation (carpet) bombing dropped massive amounts of bombs on German cities Strategic bombing destroyed Germany’s capacity to make war Tuskegee Airmen escorted bombers over Europe Bombers Batter Germany
Japan had seized the Philippines, Malaya, Dutch East Indies, Hong Kong, Wake Island, Guam, and Burma • Battle of Midway is the turning point in the Pacific • Japan attacked Midway, but the Navy had broken the Japanese code • U.S. sank 4 Japanese aircraft carriers • U.S. lost the Yorktown • Americans go on the offensive with “island hopping” Turning the Tide in the Pacific
Reading Skill: Summarize NOTE TAKING Note Taking: Reading Skill: Summarize
PM TRANSPARENCY Progress Monitoring Transparency Progress Monitoring Transparency: Section 1
How did the war change America at home? Vocabulary: -A. Phillip Randolph -Executive Order 8802 -bracero program -internment -Korematsu v. United States -442nd Regimental Combat team -rationing -OWI – Office of War Information The Home FrontSection 2
The Home Front New Economic Opportunities Main Idea: During the war, more women entered the workplace, especially in factory and industry jobs. At the same time, African Americans made strides in fighting discrimination on the job. Workers on the Move Main Idea: Workers followed new employment opportunities and migrated to new cities, causing racial conflict in some areas. A Challenge to Civil Liberties Main Idea: Many Japanese Americans faced discrimination and were held in internment camps during World War II. Supporting the War Effort Main Idea: As spending on the war increased, the government implemented economic controls over Americans and worked with the media to encourage support of the war.
WWII gave women the chance to prove themselves. For the first time, women across the world were learning to work as factory workers, nurses, and journalists. Many women even joined the army through an organization called the Women's Army Corps. Finally, women worked as drivers, farmers, mail delivery personnel, garbage collectors, builders, and mechanics. Now women had their own money and became more independent.
African Americans Demand Fair Employment • A. Philip Randolph • Sent FDR a list of demands • Planned a massive march on Washington • “Double V” campaign • Executive Order 8802
Workers on the Move • Bracero program brought Mexican workers to American farms • Race riots in Detroit • Zoot Suit riots in Los Angeles
"I remember the soldiers marching us to the Army tank and I looked at their rifles and I was just terrified because I could see this long knife at the end . . . I thought I was imagining it as an adult much later . . . I thought it couldn't have been bayonets because we were just little kids."-from "Children of the Camps" Soon after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, the United States government began a program of relocating people of Japanese ancestry who lived on the West Coast. Some 110,000 people-citizens and non-citizens-were interned. Japanese Americans to leave their homes and along with farms, schools, jobs, and businesses. In some cases family members were separated.
Manzanar: Internment Camp MAP Map: Manzanar: Internment Camp
Supreme Court upheld the government’s wartime internment policy Upheld Executive Order 9066 Korematsuv. United States
Reading Skill: Identify Main Ideas NOTE TAKING
War cost Americans $330 billion Government managed the economy Rationing Office of War Information -Encouraged war effort -Radio, print, and movies -Collected paper, scrap metal, and fat -Planted victory gardens -”Use it up, wear it out, make it do, and do without.” Supporting the War Effort
The purchase of war bonds provided financial support for the war effort and a morale boost for men in combat. War Bonds served to give the American people a sense of helping their boys who were so far away. Also, the money went directly to the war effort, and the investor would get a return years later when they cashed in their war bond.
Federal Spending CHART
Victory Gardens TRANSPARENCY
Teheran Conference, November 1943; Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin met to plan victory Planned D-Day Victory in Europe and the Pacific
How did the Allies defeat the Axis Powers? Vocabulary: -D-Day -Battle of the Bulge -Harry S. Truman -island hopping -kamikaze -Albert Einstein -Manhattan Project -J. Robert Oppenheimer Victory in Europe and the Pacific Section 3
Victory in Europe and the Pacific Planning Germany’s Defeat Main Idea: After debating war tactics, the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union agreed on the best plan of attack for defeating Germany. D-Day Invasion of Normandy Main Idea: On June 6, 1944, known as D-Day, the Allies launched a massive attack on Normandy, considered the first step in invading Germany and ending the war. Liberation of Europe Main Idea: With Allied troops advancing, Hitler planned a counterattack, but his tactics failed and he committed suicide just before Germany surrendered in 1945. Advancing in the Pacific Main Idea: American troops advanced towards Japan by taking over islands in the Pacific and battling with Japanese troops.
Reading Skill: Recognize Sequence NOTE TAKING
