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The Norvirus

The Norvirus. Wayne H. Williams, Ph.D. student Walden University 14 November 2010. What is the Norovirus Advice. Salmon, L. (2008, January 04). Daviel -The Natural Health Care Company. Retrieved November 01, 2010, from What is the Norovirus Advice : http://www.davidel.com/.

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The Norvirus

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  1. The Norvirus Wayne H. Williams, Ph.D. student Walden University 14 November 2010

  2. What is the Norovirus Advice • Salmon, L. (2008, January 04). Daviel -The Natural Health Care Company. Retrieved November 01, 2010, from What is the Norovirus Advice : http://www.davidel.com/

  3. TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE • An historical overview and background of The Norvirus

  4. ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVES • Norovirus Gastroenteritis • Food-borne Illness/Outbreak • Epidemiology • Virology • Surveillance • Transmission • Morbidity and Mortality • Control and Prevention

  5. Norovirus Gastroenteritis • This presentation will cover the following aspects of the norovirus: food-borne Illness, epidemiology, virology, surveillance, transmission, morbidity and mortality, control and prevention, and a summary showing how public health measures are aimed at each of these steps.

  6. Food-borne Illness/Outbreak • The CDC estimates that 76 million foodborne illness, or food poisoning, cases occur in the United States every year, which means that one in four Americans contracts a foodborne illness annually after eating foods contaminated with such pathogens as E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, Hepatitis A, Campylobacter, Shigella, Norovirus, and Listeria. • Foodborne Illness. (2010). Retrieved November 01, 2010, from Norovirus: http://www.foodborneillness.com/sitemap

  7. Food-borne Illness/Outbreak CDC. (2004, December 27). Retrieved November 08, 2010, from Norovirus and Foodborne Disease, United States, 1991–2000: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol11no01/04-0426.htm

  8. Epidemiology • Incidence/Prevalence • Geographic distribution • Temporal distribution • Reservoir • Infectious dose • Mode(s) of transmission • Incubation period • Period of communicability • Outbreak definition • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . (2009, July 15). Retrieved November 01, 2010, from Noroviruses Summary Document: http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/vsp/cruiselines/norovirus_summary_doc.htm

  9. Virology (Noroviruses (NoV) • a. Symptoms • b. Description • c. Classification • d. Family/Genus • e. Envelop present • f. Size • g. Shape • h. Genome • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . (2009, July 15). Retrieved November 01, 2010, from Noroviruses Summary Document: http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/vsp/cruiselines/norovirus_summary_doc.htm

  10. Surveillance • Gastrointestinal Illness Log • Anti-diarrheal Medications Log • Gastrointestinal Illness Questionnaire • 24 hour GI Illness Report • 2% and 3% threshold GI Illness Reports Wheeler, R. E. (2004). Retrieved October 22, 2010, from http://www.glogerm.com/Strategies_for_Norovirus_COEHA_Slides.pdf

  11. Transmission • In general, a reservoir is a place where microorganisms have the opportunity to flourish and multiply it requires warmth, darkness, moisture, and food. A reservoir can be either human or animal, but the norovirus is mainly found in humans due to improper food handling and contaminated water. Montana Communicable Disease Epidemiology Program. (2010, March). Retrieved October 23, 2010, from Norovirus transmission and prevention: http://www.dphhs.mt.gov/PHSD/epidemiology/documents/SurveillanceSnapshot-Noro_March2010_Final.pdf

  12. Mortality and Morbidity • Norovirus gastroenteritis typically lasts 24-72 hours, with remission occurring without sequelae. Death is extremely rare, except in individuals particularly vulnerable to profound volume depletion. • Norovirus gastroenteritis can occur in individuals of all ages. Studies using norovirus recombinant antigen have suggested an increase in antibody prevalence with advancing age. In one study, the prevalence of norovirus immunoglobulin G (IgG) rose during school-aged years, reaching a peak of 70% in persons aged 11-16 years.14 It should be noted, however, that not all infected individuals sustain detectable antibody responses. • eMedicine. (2009, November 11). Retrieved October 22, 2010, from Norwalk Virus: • http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/224225-overview

  13. Control and Prevention • This virus does not discriminate against socioeconomic groups; it crosses all racial boundaries, which makes is an equal opportunity virus. The Norvirus last for a short period and it is an annoyance, and because this is virus is food related we are constantly at risk ; therefore, the public health community must effectively community to the public the importance of prober hand washing technique after the use of commercial or residential rest rooms during food preparation. Infected individuals are not quarantine; therefore, they must be encourage by the public health community to getting rest, drinking fluids, and staying at home until the constant vomiting and diarrhea has subsided.

  14. References • CDC. (2004, December 27). Retrieved November 08, 2010, from Norovirus and Foodborne Disease, United States, 1991–2000: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol11no01/04-0426.htmCDC. (2006, August 3). Center for Disease Control. Retrieved January 20, 2010, from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/revb/gastro/norovirus-factsheet.htm • CDC . (2009, July 15). Retrieved November 01, 2010, from Noroviruses Summary Document: http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/vsp/cruiselines/norovirus_summary_doc.htm • eMedicine. (2009, November 11). Retrieved October 22, 2010, from Norwalk Virus: • http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/224225-overview • EPA. (2010, August 17). Retrieved October 22, 2010, from Norwar\alk Virus: • http://www.epa.gov/nerlcwww/norwalk.html • Foodborne Illness. (2010). Retrieved November 01, 2010, from Norovirus: http://www.foodborneillness.com/sitemap • Nordgren, Johan, Kindberg, Elin, Lindgren, Per-Eric, Matussek, Andreas, and Lennart, • Svensson. (2010, January 1). Center for Disease Control. Retrieved January 20, 2010, • from : http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/ • Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease Control. (2006, • June). Retrieved October 23, 2010, from Norovirus & Other Caliciviruses: http://www.mass.gov/Eeohhs2/docs/dph/disease_reporting/guide/norovirus.pdf • Montana Communicable Disease Epidemiology Program. (2010, March). Retrieved October 23, • 2010, from Norovirus transmission and prevention: http://www.dphhs.mt.gov/PHSD/epidemiology/documents/SurveillanceSnapshot-Noro_March2010_Final.pdf • Wheeler, R. E. (2004). Retrieved October 22, 2010, from • http://www.glogerm.com/Strategies_for_Norovirus_COEHA_Slides.pdf

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